大肠癌与血型关系的研究

目的：研究大肠癌与ＡＢＯ血型之间的相关性。方法：对本院１９８９年１１月～１９９８年５月收治的广东藉汉族大肠癌患者５６７例,对其ＡＢＯ血型进行回顾性。结果：男女之间发生大肠癌危险性相近,各血型患大肠癌的相对危险性相同,本地区Ｏ型血患者有易患者直肠倾向,与其它地区文献结果不尽相同。结论：通过对血型的分析可以」窥测大肠癌的遗传倾向,这种遗传性状存在地区和民族的差异。     

Lympho-vascular invasion in BRCA related breast cancer compared to sporadic controls

Background  

Germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene predispose to the development of breast cancer, exhibiting a specific histological phenotype. Identification of possible hallmarks of these tumors is important for selecting patients for genetic screening and provides inside in carcinogenetic pathways.     

ABO blood group and breast cancer incidence and survival

ABO blood type has been associated with risk and survival for several malignancies; however, data for an association with breast cancer are inconsistent. Our study population consisted of Nurses' Health Study participants with self-reported serologic blood type and/or ABO genotype. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we examined the association between serologic blood type and incident breast cancer among 67,697 women, including 3,107 cases. In addition, we examined the association with ABO genotype in a nested case-control study of 1,138 invasive breast cancer cases and 1,090 matched controls. Finally, we evaluated the association between serologic blood type and survival among 2,036 participants with breast cancer. No clear association was seen between serologic blood type or ABO genotype and risk of total breast cancer, invasive breast cancer or breast cancer subtypes. Compared to women with blood type O, the age-adjusted incidence rate ratios for serologic blood type and total breast cancer were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98-1.15) for type A, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.93-1.22) for AB and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.96-1.20) for B. In genetic analyses, odds ratios for invasive breast cancer were 1.05 (95% CI, 0.87-1.27) for A/O, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.86-1.69) for A/A, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.56-1.26) for A/B, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.63-1.13) for B/O and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.35-3.86) for B/B, compared to O/O. No significant association was noted between blood type and overall or breast cancer-specific mortality. Our results suggest no association between ABO blood group and breast cancer risk or survival.     

Familial risk and genetic susceptibility for breast cancer

Clinical observations suggest that breast cancer is occasionallyinherited as an autosomal dominant disease in families. Epidemiologic studies consistently have shown that a history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative increases a woman's risk of breast cancer when compared with the general population. The risk is similar if a mother or sister is affected and is increased further if both are affected. The difficulty with such an observation is that in itself it does not clarify the nature of the true underlying risk factors which could be genetic or due to the aggregation of environmental risk factors in families. Complex segregation analysis of breast cancer aggregation in families suggests that breast cancer susceptibility is due to an autosomal dominant inheritance of one or more rare genes in a few families in which carriers have a high probability of developing the disease perhaps as great as 100 percent. Close linkage of a breast-cancer-susceptibility gene (BRCA1), between markers of the chromosomal region 17q12-q21 on the long arm of chromosome 17, with breast cancer recently has been reported. Families linked to BRCA1 were more likely to have early onset of breast cancer or have breast and ovarian cancer in the family. It is likely that other genes play a role in the unlinked breastcancer families. Both the epidemiologic and genetic data suggest that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease.     

Familial susceptibility to breast cancer: a complex inheritance

The main results of segregation analysis aimed at identifying a major genetic factor involved in susceptibility to breast cancer are reviewed. They show that the existence of a single major gene is not sufficient to explain the distribution of the disease observed in the families concerned and suggest that the genetic inheritance involved is heterogeneous and complex. Heterogeneity has been explored in various studies according to epidemiological criteria. From these analyses, genetically homogeneous subgroups emerged (for instance families with breast cancer only or with affected males). The study of such homogeneous subgroups might help to better locate the susceptibility gene(s) on the chromosome map by analysis of genetic linkage using different markers. The results of segregation analysis depend on how epidemiological factors are taken into account. It is of major importance that epidemiological data on the proband (i.e., the individual prompting selection of a family) as well as on the members of his/her family are taken into consideration to improve understanding of the complexity of breast cancer transmission.     

ABO blood groups in relation to breast carcinoma incidence and associated prognostic factors in Moroccan women

The association between blood groups ABO and different types of diseases was established in several previous studies. Our aim was to seek the possible association between the ABO blood group and breast cancer-associated prognostic factors. The Chi-squared analytic test was used to compare phenotypic ABO distribution among Moroccan blood donors and 442 cases of women suffering from breast carcinoma with archived files in Maternity Ward of University Hospital C.H.U Ibn Rochd between 2008 and 2011. High incidence of breast carcinoma was observed in blood type B patients (p < 0.05). Blood type B was associated with breast carcinomas overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 (p < 0.05) and high risk of cancer at age over 70 years (p < 0.001). Blood type A was associated with high risk of cancer among women younger than 35 years old. Blood type A and AB were associated with high incidence of lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis has shown correlation between O blood type and estrogen receptor-positive tumor. Patients with blood group A, B, and AB were more likely to develop aggressive breast carcinoma. Further follow-up studies are necessary to clarify the role of ABH antigens in the progression of breast carcinoma.     

The risk factors and prognosis of bilateral primary breast cancer: a comparative study with unilateral breast cancer

This study was performed to determine the risk factors and evaluate the outcome of bilateral breast cancer (BBC). We reviewed the records of 170 patients with BBC and 1,677 with unilateral breast cancer (UBC), and compared their personal history, histopatholgical characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment, and postoperative follow-up records. The patients with UBC were more likely to develop contralateral cancer with the features including: young age at onset, especially younger than 40, premenopause, late primiparity, breast cancer family history, benign mammary disease history, and a tumor larger than 5 cm (p < 0.05). After adjustment by multivariate analysis, we concluded that breast cancer family history and age at onset younger than 40 years old were the independent risk factors for BBC. There were no significant differences for distant metastasis or overall survival between BBC and UBC (p > 0.05). We observed that 64.1% of the second breast cancer occurred within 5 years after the operation of the first cancer, and medical examination could improve the early diagnosis of the contralateral breast cancer. Contrary to common belief, our study showed that BBC and UBC had similar biological features and prognosis (p > 0.05). The excessive treatment and prophylactic measures may be unnecessary in this seemingly aggressive breast cancer. The patients with UBC younger than 40 or with breast cancer family history should have intensive contralateral breast followup, especially within 5 years after in the initial treatment.     

ABO blood group alleles and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a Japanese population

Several studies have investigated a possible association between the ABO blood group and the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC), but this association has not been fully evaluated in Asian populations. The present study aimed to assess the impact of genotype-derived ABO blood types, particularly ABO alleles, on the risk of PC in a Japanese population. We conducted a case-control study using 185 PC and 1465 control patients who visited Aichi Cancer Center in Nagoya, Japan. Using rs8176719 as a marker for the O allele, and rs8176746 and rs8176747 for the B allele, all participants' two ABO alleles were inferred. The impact of ABO blood type on PC risk was examined by multivariate analysis, with adjustment for potential confounders to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). An increased risk of PC was observed with the addition of any non-O allele (trend P = 0.012). Compared with subjects with the OO genotype, those with AO and BB genotypes had significantly increased OR of 1.67 (CI, 1.08-2.57) and 3.28 (CI, 1.38-7.80), respectively. Consistent with earlier reports showing a higher risk of PC for individuals with the non-O blood type, the previously reported protective allele (T) for rs505922 was found to be strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.96) with the O allele. In conclusion, this case-control study showed a statistically significant association between ABO blood group and PC risk in a Japanese population. Further studies are necessary to define the mechanisms by which the ABO gene or closely linked genetic variants influence PC risk.     

双侧原发性乳腺癌100例临床分析

背景与目的:目前研究表明已患乳腺癌的妇女发生对侧乳腺癌的危险性明显增加,本文中我们分析双侧乳腺癌的临床特征,探讨双侧乳腺癌发生的危险因素。方法:对100例双侧乳腺癌患者与200例单侧乳腺癌患者行病例对照研究。结果:双侧乳腺癌组发病年龄及初潮年龄均比单侧乳腺癌组早,且有显著性差异(P<0.05)。双侧乳腺癌组与单侧乳腺癌组相比,有明显的乳腺癌家族史,阳性率分别为15%和5%(P<0.01),且多于绝经前发病(70%和58%)(P<0.05)。相同T分期的双侧乳腺癌组第一原发癌与单侧乳腺癌组相比,同侧腋淋巴结阳性率无显著性差异。异时性双侧乳腺癌组第一癌术后放疗与单侧乳腺癌组术后放疗比率分别为69%、58%,二者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:双侧乳腺癌患者与单侧乳腺癌患者相比,前者有明显的乳腺癌家族史,发病年龄呈年轻化趋势,且雌激素与双侧乳腺癌的发生可能有更密切的关系。双侧乳腺癌的第一原发癌与单侧乳腺癌的腋淋巴结转移率相似,提示它们的某些生物学行为也相似。