圆顶形截骨矫治肘内翻畸形

目的评价圆顶形截骨法矫正肘内翻畸形的效果.方法于鹰嘴窝上弧线近侧作圆顶式截骨,旋转纠正肘内翻畸形后交叉克氏针固定,4周去除石膏及克氏针,开始肘关节伸屈及旋转功能锻炼.结果术后随访平均15个月,所有截骨均骨性愈合,肘关节伸屈及旋转活动达术前水平,术前携带角-17°～-35°(平均-27.6°),术后8～15°(平均11.8°),随访未发现矫正角度的丢失,术后肱骨外髁突出畸形显著改善.结论圆顶式截骨术是一种理想的肘内翻畸形矫正方法.     

可吸收线内固定治疗肘内翻

我院 1993年 10月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月采用截骨矫正 ,可吸收线内固定治疗肘内翻畸形 19例 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组中男 19例 ,女 16例 ;最大年龄为 12岁 ,最小年龄为 5岁 ,平均 8岁。手术时间 :1年以内 4例 ,2年以内 12例 ,2～ 4年 3例。肘内翻最小角度 15°,最大 35°,平均角度 2 5 .8°。1.2　治疗方法1.2 .1　术前双侧肘关节完全伸直 ,前臂旋后包括腕关节正位X线片。分别测量健侧提携角和患侧肘内翻角度 ,患侧肘内翻角度 +健侧提携角即为截骨矫正角度 ,在X线片上标出截骨线位置 ,截骨角为顶角 ,顶角在内 ,…     

克氏针PDS张力带内固定治疗儿童肘内翻畸形

目的探讨克氏针加PDS线张力带治疗儿童肘内翻畸形手术疗效。方法采用肱骨髁上楔形截骨加克氏针PDS张力带内固定方法治疗23例儿童肘内翻畸形。结果所有病例肘内翻畸形均获纠正,效果良好。结论克氏针PDS张力带内固定是治疗儿童肘内翻是简便、有效的良好手术方法。     

M形钉内固定治疗肘内翻16例

1982年2月至1988年1月我院用自制M形钉内固定治疗肘内翻畸形16例,其中男13例,女3例;左侧11例,右侧5例;年龄2～13岁,平均5.3岁.肘内翻角度20～40°,平均28°.手术取肱骨下段外侧切口,显露肱骨下端后按以大于内翻角10°的角度楔形截骨,     

儿童肘内翻畸形的多平面矫正及疗效观察

肘内翻是小儿肱骨远端骨折最常见的并发症,目前矫正肘内翻畸形常用的手术方法是肱骨远端外侧闭合楔形截骨术.以往手术重点矫正冠状面内翻畸形,往往忽略水平面的内旋畸形,造成手术效果不理想,笔者自2003年12月～2006年2月,采用肱骨远端闭合楔形截骨多平面矫正交叉钢针张力带固定治疗小儿肘内翻56例,结果满意.现报告如下.     

单纯闭合楔形截骨术治疗儿童肘内翻畸形

目的探讨儿童肘内翻畸形的手术治疗方法.方法回顾30例采用无内固定的肱骨髁上闭合楔形截骨术治疗的肘内翻畸形,其中男27例、女3例,平均随访5年,最长达8年.结果术前患侧提携角平均-25°,术后提携角平均6.83°,术后较术前平均改变31°,无复发及神经损伤、感染等并发症的出现.结论无内固定的单纯闭合楔形截骨术手术时间短、患者创伤小、避免二次手术,是简便、安全、有效的治疗儿童肘内翻的方法.     

改良截骨治疗肘内翻畸形

目的 总结改良楔形截骨交叉克氏针加“8”字钢丝内固定治疗青少年肘内翻的临床效果。方法 对28例青少年肘内翻者行改良肱骨髁上楔形截骨、交叉克氏针固定加“8”字钢丝固定术治疗。结果随访6个月～3年,肘关节活动均恢复正常,术后提携角均在0°～10°,无肘内翻复发。结论 对青少年肘内翻采用改良楔形截骨交叉克氏针加“8”字钢丝固定术有利于截骨角度的控制、增加截骨面的接触面积、提高截骨端固定的稳定性,有利于骨愈合及早期功能锻炼。     

肱骨髁上截骨术后可吸收与金属张力带固定治疗肘内翻的研究

目的:比较肱骨髁上楔形截骨术后可吸收张力带(可吸收螺钉或棒和可吸收线)与金属张力带(克氏针和钢丝)固定治疗肘内翻的疗效。方法:采用2种张力带固定肱骨髁上楔形截骨术后骨端治疗33例肘内翻。可吸收张力带固定组15例,其中男12例,女3例;年龄13~24岁,平均16岁;术前内翻角为17°~34°,平均26°。金属张力带固定组18例,其中男15例,女3例;年龄12~22岁,平均14岁;术前内翻角为17°~40°,平均29°。根据术后畸形矫正和关节功能恢复情况评定疗效。结果:本组均获随访,随访时间18~69个月,平均37个月。截骨处平均愈合时间为6周。根据疗效评定标准,可吸收张力带组优13例,良2例,差0例;金属张力带组优15例,良2例,差1例。2种治疗方法临床疗效比较无统计学差异。结论:可吸收张力带是固定肱骨髁上截骨治疗肘内翻的有效方法之一,具有无须Ⅱ期手术取出内固定物的优点,简单方便,降低感染机会。     

设计并应用改良肱骨髁上等腰三角形截骨矫形治疗肘内翻畸形北大核心CSCD

目的探讨辅助应用医学影像存档和传输系统（PACS）设计改良肱骨髁上等腰三角形截骨矫形并联合锁定钢板内固定治疗肘内翻畸形的效果。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年7月期间收治的31例肘内翻畸形患者资料。男12例,女19例;年龄为17～24岁,平均20．6岁;肘内翻角为14°～35°,平均22．4°。术前使用PACS辅助对肘内翻畸形患者进行改良肱骨髁上等腰三角形截骨设计,根据截骨角度计算等腰三角形截骨长度,测量出截骨角度及长度,术中均行外侧切开改良等腰三角形截骨矫形联合锁定钢板内固定。结果31例患者术后获12～40个月（平均16个月）随访。31例患者截骨处均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为7—12周,平均9周。末次随访时提携角为8°～15°,平均11o;患侧肘关节屈伸活动范围为126°～150°,平均139°;旋转范围为134°～160°,平均144°。术后1年采用Mayo肘关节功能评分标准评定疗效：优23例,良7例,中1例,优良率为96．8％。随访期间未见提携角丢失、神经损伤、骨折畸形愈合及延迟愈合、肘关节骨化性肌炎等并发症发生。结论术前辅助应用PACS对肘内翻畸形患者进行改良肱骨髁上等腰三角形设计,可以精确指导术中截骨长度并确保矫正角度,获得良好疗效。     

肱骨髁上楔形截骨钢板内固定治疗儿童肘内翻畸形

目的　探索改进肘内翻手术内固定技术的方法。方法　取上臂远端外侧直切口 ,暴露肱骨截骨面。截骨前在截骨线近侧用 1枚螺钉将钢板固定 ,但不拧紧螺钉。将钢板旋向肱骨近侧 ,露出截骨线后作肱骨髁上楔形截骨。分别自截骨线远侧和近侧各拧入 1枚螺钉。术后用长臂石膏托固定于屈肘 90°、前臂中立位 3周。结果　 12例患儿畸形均矫正并有平均 4 .8°提携角 ,无神经血管损伤等并发症。随访 1～ 3年 ,所有病例无复发。结论　采用三孔小钢板作肘内翻截骨后内固定损伤小、操作简单、固定确实 ,手术效果良好     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

---

Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.