2012年吉林省流动人口吸烟状况与戒烟行为调查

目的调查2012年吉林省监测人群流动人口吸烟状况与戒烟行为,为制定控烟措施提供理论依据。方法2012年在吉林省5个监测点,采取按行业分层多阶段整群抽样方法调查了1 500名18岁及以上就业流动人口,通过面对面问卷调查收集慢性病及其危险因素信息,用于吸烟状况与戒烟行为分析的有效样本量为1 490份,对不同年龄和性别18岁以上流动人口吸烟状况与戒烟行为进行分析。结果吉林省18岁以上流动人口吸烟率33.4%,现吸烟率30.4%;男性每日吸烟量高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;男性吸烟量随着年龄增加而增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;女性年龄组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;现在每日吸烟者开始每日吸烟的年龄,男性在15~19岁年龄段最高,女性20~24岁年龄段最高;男性人群戒烟率和成功戒烟率随年龄增加而增加,但戒烟率在年龄组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,成功戒烟率组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;现在吸烟者近50.0%表示不想戒烟,男性和女性在不想戒烟的态度上没有统计学差异（P〉0.05）;现在非吸烟者中男性比女性更多暴露于二手烟。结论吉林省18岁以上流动人口吸烟率、现吸烟率、每日吸烟量仍处于较高水平;绝大多数开始每日吸烟的年龄在15~24岁年龄段;戒烟率、成功戒烟率、打算戒烟率较低;男性比女性更多暴露于二手烟危害环境。     

广西15岁及以上居民吸烟情况调查

目的分析广西居民吸烟情况,为制定广西控烟措施提供基础资料。方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据(广西部分),对9181名(男4206人、女4975人)15岁及以上居民的吸烟行为,包括吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率、开始吸烟年龄、吸烟类别、戒烟率、戒烟成功率、复吸率及被动吸烟率等进行描述性分析。结果广西15岁及以上居民吸烟率为22.8%,男性(48.1%)明显高于女性(1.5%);现在吸烟率为22.4%;98.2%的吸烟者为现在吸烟者;常吸烟率为22.1%;重型吸烟率为9.7%,重型吸烟者占现在吸烟者的43.3%。结论广西居民吸烟率较高,应采取有针对性的措施,有效地控制烟草的消费和被动吸烟。     

浙江省台州市成年人吸烟和被动吸烟状况调查

目的了解浙江省台州市成年人群的吸烟和被动吸烟情况,为制定有针对性的控烟措施提供基础资料。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法于2010—2011年在全市9个县(市、区)抽取符合条件的成年人群作为本次研究的受试对象。分析指标包括吸烟率、开始吸烟年龄、吸烟者平均每日吸烟量、戒烟率和被动吸烟率等。结果调查对象吸烟率为23.6%,男性、女性吸烟率分别为48.0%和1.2%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=683.60,P<0.01)。开始吸烟的平均年龄为(22.9±5.5)岁,平均每天吸烟(20.4±12.8)支。不吸烟的调查对象被动吸烟率为40.2%,其中男性、女性分别为31.6%和43.2%。调查对象戒烟率为21.8%,其中男性、女性分别为21.9%和17.6%。被调查的吸烟者中有53.9%不打算戒烟。男性和女性吸烟者打算现在开始戒烟比例仅为5.4%和14.3%。分别仅有35.2%和29.5%的调查对象认为吸烟和被动吸烟对健康重度有害。结论台州市成人居民烟草暴露严重,居民吸烟率、被动吸烟率处于较高水平,戒烟率较低,烟草控制面临巨大挑战。     

上海市浦东新区居民吸烟和被动吸烟现状调查

目的了解浦东新区15岁及以上居民的吸烟、戒烟及被动吸烟现状,为制定针对性的控烟措施和开展评价提供基础资料。方法通过面访调查方式对1p664位15岁及以上居民的吸烟、戒烟和被动吸烟现状进行描述性分析。结果浦东新区15岁及以上居民的吸烟率和现在吸烟率分别为27.5%和24.3%,男性吸烟率和现在吸烟率均高于女性。非吸烟者的被动吸烟率为28.5%。结论浦东新区居民的吸烟率仍处于较高水平,需要采取有力措施控制烟草使用。     

富阳市农村居民吸烟现况分析

目的:调查富阳农村居民的吸烟现况.方法:随机抽取富阳4个乡镇18岁以上居民1 054人问卷调查,最终获得1 008份有效问卷,并做分析.结果:男性吸烟率58.50％,女性吸烟率0.35％,男性高于女性(P＜0.01);被动吸烟率男性41.53％,女性43.89％;周围有其他人吸烟:男性67.35％,女性43.92％;男性36～45岁现在吸烟、周围有其他人吸烟高于其他年龄层,差异有统计学意义;吸烟者中开始吸烟的年龄集中在15～35岁之间,其中20岁开始吸烟占38.46％.结论:富阳农村男性居民吸烟情况严峻;吸烟者中男性36～45岁高于其他年龄层;吸烟者大部分从青年期开始吸烟.     

河南省某县农村居民吸烟行为调查结果分析

目的了解河南省某县农村居民的吸烟行为现状,为进一步开展控烟工作提供依据。方法采用抽样调查的方法,选取18岁及以上常住居民作为研究对象,进行面对面的问卷调查。采用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库,SPSS16.0、Excel 2017进行数据分析。结果河南省某县农村18岁及以上成人现在吸烟率为25.67%,其中男性58.02%,女性0.59%。现在吸烟者日均吸烟量为20支,其中男性为20支,女性为3支。男性成功戒烟率为18.81%,女性由于吸烟率较低,本次调查无成功戒烟者。现在吸烟者中有56.58%的人无明确戒烟打算。结论河南省某县农村男性居民吸烟行为普遍存在,现在吸烟率高,戒烟率和打算戒烟率低。提示控烟形势严峻,应采取综合防治措施。     

中国居民吸烟行为的现状分析

目的分析我国居民吸烟行为,为有针对性地制定控烟措施提供基础资料.方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对167063名（男76 556人,女90507人）15岁及以上居民的吸烟行为,包括吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率、平均吸烟量、吸烟类别、戒烟率、戒烟成功率、复吸率及被动吸烟率等进行描述性分析.结果我国15岁及以上居民吸烟率为24.0%,男性（50.2%）明显高于女性（2.8%）,现在吸烟率为23.6%,男性（49.6%）明显高于女性（2.8%）.98.8%的男性及几乎全部女性吸烟者为现在吸烟者,95.1%的男性及92.9%的女性现在吸烟者为常吸烟者,46.0%的男性及21.4%的女性现在吸烟者为重型吸烟者.农村居民上述指标均高于城市居民.我国18岁及以上吸烟者中81.3%主要吸有过滤嘴香烟,11.9%主要吸手卷烟或旱烟,4.2%主要吸无过滤嘴香烟,2.3%主要吸烟斗或水烟袋,0.3%主要吸雪茄.结论我国居民中吸烟率仍然很高,烟草控制仍然面临着巨大的挑战,应采取有针对性的措施,有效地控制烟草的消费.     

天津市成人吸烟及被动吸烟现状调查

目的描述天津市成人吸烟及被动吸烟的流行水平，了解大众对公共场所禁烟的态度。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法，在公共场所以问卷方式进行随机拦截调查，共调查600人。结果人群吸烟率为32．7％（男性60．6％，女性5．3％），戒烟率为10．2％，44．9％的吸烟者在过去一年中曾经尝试过戒烟，非吸烟者被动吸烟率为79．7％，对各公共场所禁烟的支持率均在70％以上，不同性别、文化程度、年龄的人群对公共场所禁烟的态度差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05），对吸烟及被动吸烟危害的知晓率均达到69％以上。结论天津市成人吸烟被动吸烟率偏高，需进一步提高居民对吸烟有害健康的认识，禁止在公共场所吸烟，降低吸烟率。     

北京市通州区某镇成人吸烟及戒烟相关信息分析

目的 了解农村地区成人吸烟现状,为制定适宜农村地区的控烟措施提供依据.方法 于2011年对北京市通州区永乐店地区参加永乐店卫生院年度健康体检的年龄在20岁及以上农村居民进行吸烟相关行为的问卷调查.结果 此次共调查18 238人,男性8 156人,女性10 082人.调查人群总吸烟率29.9％,现在吸烟率28.6％,男性吸烟率64.1％,女性吸烟率2.2％.调查人群开始吸烟的平均年龄为(19.82±7.09)岁;吸烟者平均每天吸(16.53±8.31)支;被动吸烟率61.6％;有38.5％的人有戒烟意愿,戒烟率为4.2％,2.3％的吸烟者知道戒烟门诊.最近一年有21.7％接受卫生服务的吸烟者得到过医生的戒烟建议.结论 吸烟是农村地区面临的一个严重危害居民健康的公共卫生问题,应加强居民控烟健康教育,提高社区医生戒烟技术,减少烟草使用带来的疾病负担.     

南京市居民吸烟状况调查分析

目的了解南京市居民吸烟现况,探讨吸烟行为的影响因素。方法采取自行设计的调查问卷,在广场、医院、学校、社区等调查点抽取800名居民进行吸烟状况调查。结果调查的800人中吸烟率为28．3％,其中男性吸烟率（45．6％）高于女性（4．2％）。绝大多数吸烟者（91．6％）每日吸烟量不超过20支,男女性的每日吸烟量差异无统计学意义。男性开始吸烟的平均年龄（22．03±6．56）岁低于女性的平均年龄（28．93±10．15）岁。丧偶或离异者吸烟率最高,达51．9％。在吸烟者中戒烟3次及以上的人数占38．196（86／226）。结论南京市居民吸烟率仍然很高,烟草控制仍然面临着巨大的挑战,应加大控烟力度,加强控烟法规的执行,开展多种形式的健康教育,才能有效降低居民吸烟率。     

Marital status and smoking in Korea: the influence of gender and age

Few studies have examined the influence of marriage on health-related behavior in Asian populations. The present study examined the effect of marital status on smoking in Korea. Data from two rounds of a nationally representative survey (1999 and 2003) were analyzed (57,246 women and 52,769 men). Marital status-specific prevalence ratios for smoking were estimated using log binomial regression after adjusting for age, survey year, occupation and education level. Smoking prevalence declined with age for men, but rose for women. Smoking rates were higher for unmarried men and women compared to their married counterparts. However, the gap in smoking rates between unmarried and married women (especially younger women <45 years) was much greater than the gap between unmarried and married men. The study found that marital status had a stronger protective influence on smoking in women than men, which contrasts with the gender pattern reported previously in western studies. The findings suggest the influence of a culture which discourages married women from smoking, and "liberates" divorced women from cultural sanctions against smoking in marriage.     

天津市城区居民吸烟现状及20年间吸烟行为模式的改变

目的 了解天津市城区居民吸烟行为现况及20年来城市居民吸烟行为变化情况。方法 利用中国慢性病及其危险因素监测（2015）调查数据,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对天津市7个监测点进行问卷调查。并提取其中>20岁城区居民与1996年、2010年危险因素调查相应人群结果进行比较。结果 2015年天津市城区>20岁居民男性现吸烟率为41.1%,女性为4.5%。男性开始吸烟年龄为（19.2±4.7）岁,女性为（24.8±10.9）岁,有低龄化的趋势。与1996年和2010年相比,2015年城市居民现在吸烟率呈下降趋势,成功戒烟率呈上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义。结论 自1996年以来,天津市城区居民吸烟水平呈下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,尤其是女性;开始吸烟年龄呈低龄化趋势,应加强对青少年的无烟教育。     

2015年陕西省成人吸烟及“二手烟”现状调查

目的 描述2015年陕西省成人吸烟、“二手烟”、戒烟、日均吸烟量的流行水平。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法选择调查对象,对陕西省监测点覆盖的监测人群,年龄18岁及以上进行入户面访调查,采用现在吸烟率、“二手烟”暴露率、对主动和被动吸烟的危害认知率、戒烟率等指标,依据抽样权重进行加权计算。结果 陕西省18岁及以上年龄吸烟率32.73%,现在吸烟率28.30%,男性和女性的现在吸烟率为53.78%和1.64%;城市现在吸烟率为24.52%,农村31.53%;每日吸烟率25.32%;现在每日吸烟者日均吸烟量16.98支,男性日均吸烟量17.14支,女性日均吸烟量9.74支;人群戒烟率为13.54%,男性戒烟率13.43%,女性17.11%;城市戒烟率13.90%,农村戒烟率13.30%;“二手烟”暴露率65.14%,对吸烟引起中风、心脏病、肺癌疾病的知晓率为30.8%,对被动吸烟引起成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺癌疾病的知晓率为36.0%。结论 陕西省18岁及以上居民的人群吸烟及“二手烟”暴露比较严重,戒烟率偏低,对烟草危害知识认知不足。     

Association of active and passive smoking with occupational injury in manual workers: a cross-sectional study of the 2011 Korean working conditions survey

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of active and passive smoking with occupational injury among manual workers. Data from the 2011 Korean Working Conditions Survey were analyzed for 12,507 manual workers aged ≥15 yr. Overall, 60.4% of men and 5.8% of women were current smokers. The prevalence of injury was higher among never smokers who were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) (7.7% in men and 8.1% in women) than current smokers (4.2% in men and 4.1% in women). After controlling for potential confounders, in men, compared to those who never smoked and were not exposed to SHS, people who never smoked and were exposed to SHS (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.7, 2.2–6.4) and current smokers (aOR=2.5, 1.6–3.8) were more likely to experience injury. Among women, the aORs of occupational injury were 8.4 (4.2–16.7) for never smoking women with occasional exposure to SHS and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.4–8.7) for current smokers, in comparison to never smoking women who were never exposed to SHS at work (reference group). The present study suggests that exposure to SHS is a possible risk factor of occupational injury for never smoking men and women.     

Smoking status and adiponectin in healthy Japanese men and women

BACKGROUND: Recent studies promisingly indicate that adiponectin plays an important and fundamental role in the development and progression of metabolic and atherosclerosis disorders. Smoking is known as one of the most important risk factors of atherosclerosis, and its relation with metabolic disorders has also been reported. We therefore investigated the association between cigarette smoking and adiponectin concentration in a large sample of Japanese men and women. METHOD: The cross-sectional study was carried out in 2002. The subjects were 3260 men and 953 women local government workers aged 35 to 59 in Japan. Lifestyle-related variables including detailed smoking history were inquired in a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant differences in adiponectin levels related to smoking status were observed in both men and women (p=0.001). A dose-dependent association was found between the intensity of smoking and adiponectin levels in current smokers, and was statistically significant in men (p for trend=0.006 in the multivariate-adjusted model). Men who quit smoking for more than 20 years and women for more than 10 years had an adiponectin concentration similar to that observed in non-smokers. CONCLUSION: We not only revealed that current smoking habit was associated with low adiponectin level but also found a dose-dependent association between smoking intensity and adiponectin level in current smokers. The present finding may provide further evidence of the importance of a causal relationship between smoking status and adiponectin concentrations.     

浙江省杭州市居民吸烟和工作场所被动吸烟的现状研究

目的了解浙江省杭州余杭区人群吸烟和工作场所被动吸烟情况。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法对杭州市余杭区18～79岁的常住居民1263人,进行问卷调查。结果总吸烟率为27.4%,现在吸烟率为21.9%,男性和女性现在吸烟率分别为53.1%和0.3%。人均吸烟量为平均为15.8±10.7支/天。工作场所被动吸烟率47.1%,其中男性为53.5%,女性为45.0%。结论杭州市余杭区吸烟率和工作场所被动吸烟率均较高,应实施工作场所无烟政策,以便减少被动吸烟的危害。     

Smoking initiation and nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine: findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health survey

OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in former Soviet countries. This study examined the personal, familial and psychiatric risk factors for smoking initiation and development of nicotine dependence symptoms in Ukraine. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: Smoking history and dependence symptoms were ascertained from N=1711 adults in Ukraine as part of a national mental health survey conducted in 2002. Separate analyses were conducted for men and women. RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime regular smoking was 80.5% in men and 18.7% in women, with median ages at initiation among smokers of 17 and 18, respectively. Furthermore, 61.2% of men and 11.9% of women were current smokers; among the subgroup of lifetime smokers, 75.9% of men and 63.1% of women currently smoked. The youngest female cohort (born 1965-1984) was 26 times more likely to start smoking than the oldest. Smoking initiation was also linked to childhood externalizing behaviors and antecedent use of alcohol in both genders, as well as marital status and personal alcohol abuse in men, and childhood urbanicity and birth cohort in women. Dependence symptoms developed in 61.7% of male and 47.1% of female smokers. The rate increased sharply in the first four years after smoking initiation. Dependence symptoms were related to birth cohort and alcohol abuse in both genders, as well as growing up in a suburb or town and childhood externalizing behaviors in men, and parental antisocial behavior in women. CONCLUSIONS: Increased smoking in young women heralds a rising epidemic in Ukraine and underscores the need for primary prevention programs, especially in urban areas. Our findings support the importance of childhood and alcohol-related risk factors, especially in women, while pre-existing depression and anxiety disorders were only weakly associated with starting to smoke or developing dependence symptoms.     

2013-2014年安徽省成人吸烟和戒烟行为状况分析

目的 了解安徽省成人居民吸烟和戒烟行为状况,为制定烟草控制措施提供依据。方法 利用2013-2014年安徽省成人慢性病及其危险因素监测项目调查数据,使用事后分层权重调整和复杂抽样设计方法进行统计分析。结果 有效样本量为7 182人,现在吸烟率为26.2%（95% CI:23.9%~28.4%）,男性高于女性,分别为51.2%（95% CI:45.5%~56.8%）和1.4%（95% CI:0.5%~2.4%）;男性现在吸烟率随文化程度提高出现降低趋势（P<0.001）。现在每日吸烟率为23.7%（95% CI:21.4%~26.0%）,男性（46.5%,95% CI:41.7%~51.3%）高于女性（1.2%,95% CI:0.5%~1.9%）。现在吸烟者日均吸烟量为17.1（95% CI:16.5~17.6）支,男女分别为17.2（95% CI:16.7~17.8）支和10.5（95% CI:9.4~11.7）支,且男性日均吸烟量随着年龄升高而增加（P=0.048）,随文化程度升高而减少的趋势（P=0.003）。二手烟暴露率为57.6%（95% CI:51.2%~64.0%）。男性现在吸烟者中仅有37.6%（95% CI:25.0%~50.2%）打算戒烟,男性戒烟率为13.8%（95% CI:7.5%~20.1%）,成功戒烟率为9.1%（95% CI:5.1%~13.0%）。结论 安徽省成人居民吸烟行为普遍存在,二手烟暴露率较高,成年男性烟草使用率高,戒烟和成功戒烟率水平低。     

韶关市居民吸烟状况调查

目的了解韶关市居民吸烟现状及其影响因素，为今后制定相应干预措施提供科学参考依据。方法按照不同职业进行分层整群抽样，采用统一问卷，共调查1399名城乡居民。结果男性吸烟率为63．04％，女性为4．00％，总吸烟率为48．49％；男性吸烟率随年龄增长而升高，女性吸烟呈低龄化；男女吸烟率随文化程度的升高而降低；在职业和婚姻方面，男性已婚者吸烟率最高，为64．75％，女性以商人和未婚者吸烟率为高，分别为13．64％和6．52％；在吸烟场所方面，男性以在家里吸烟率最高，女性则以娱乐场所吸烟率最高，分别为59．05％和42．86％；在吸烟原因中，好玩和赶时髦者占55．41％。结论韶关市城乡居民吸烟率接近全国水平，控烟工作任重而道远，加强学生和居民吸烟有害健康知识宣传非常必要。     

Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? Results from a 14-year follow-up study with a focus on psychological health and smoking

OBJECTIVES: Research has given a comprehensive picture of the negative health consequences of unemployment without offering sufficient comparison between different age groups. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the associations between ill health, particularly poor psychological health and smoking, and unemployment differ between young and adult men and women. STUDY DESIGN: A 14-year follow-up study of graduates of compulsory school in an industrial town in northern Sweden was undertaken. The subjects were analysed at ages 16, 21 and 30 years. Complete data on the cohort were collected for 1044 individuals with the aid of a comprehensive questionnaire. The response rate was 96.4%. METHODS: The main health measurements used in this study were poor psychological health and smoking, analysed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: After controlling for several background variables, associations between long-term unemployment and poor psychological health were found in young men and women, and adult men. Long-term unemployment was only associated with smoking in young people. CONCLUSIONS: The association between long-term unemployment and psychological health, as well as smoking, seemed to be stronger in young people than adults.