不同抗氧化活性水果汁对老龄大鼠抗氧化功能的干预作用

目的　观察不同抗氧化活性水果汁对老龄大鼠抗氧化功能的干预作用,为进一步研究水果抗氧化抗衰老有效成分提供理论依据。方法　自然衰老Wistar大鼠 30只分为 3组,分别灌胃石榴汁 3 2ml、苹果汁 2 4ml和蒸馏水 3 2ml,实验周期 4周,实验结束后测定血清抗氧化物质含量、抗氧化酶活性、血清及尿中自由基氧化产物、外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤等有关指标。结果　石榴汁干预组老龄大鼠血清抗氧化活性 ( 0. 90±0. 13 ) mmol/L明显高于对照组的 ( 0 .79±0 .10 )mmol/L;血清羰基含量显著降低,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义;血清ox LDL含量 ( 2. 03±0 .43)μmol/L明显低于对照组(3. 04±0. 52)μmol/L;彗星试验显示外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤率及尾长 /总长比值降低,显著低于对照组;石榴汁干预对血清VC和VE浓度、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量及尿 8 OH dG排出量均未见影响。苹果汁干预组除淋巴细胞DNA损伤减轻外,其他指标均未见显著变化。结论　抗氧化活性较强的石榴汁能够明显改善老龄大鼠抗氧化功能,而抗氧化活性较低的苹果汁作用较弱,水果中多酚类物质可能是其主要抗氧化功能物质。     

石榴汁与苹果汁改善老年人抗氧化功能的比较研究

目的:比较石榴汁与苹果汁对老年人抗氧化功能的干预作用。方法:将26名老年志愿者随机分为抗氧化活性较弱的苹果汁组和抗氧化活性较强的石榴汁组,每天饮用相应水果汁250ml,共4w。试验前后测定空腹外周血抗氧化活性、丙二醛水平、羰基化合物含量、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性、维生素C、维生素E、还原型谷胱甘肽、氧化型低密度脂蛋白含量以及淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度,并收取晨尿,测定8-羟基脱氧尿苷与肌酐含量。试验期间进行膳食调查一次。结果:石榴汁对老年志愿者抗氧化功能具有一定改善作用,主要表现为血浆抗氧化活性的提高、血浆羰基含量的降低,其他一些指标也显示了提高或改善的趋势;相对而言,苹果汁干预效果不如石榴汁。结论:抗氧化活性较强的石榴汁具有显著的改善衰老机体抗氧化功能的作用。     

有氧运动对衰老的大鼠脑组织抗氧化蛋白的影响

目的研究有氧运动对衰老的大鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响。方法建立衰老大鼠模型,随机分为对照组和3组运动组（A组、B组、C组）,A组给予0．5h的游泳训练,B组给予1h的游泳训练,C组给予2h的游泳训练,12周后取大脑组织,检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果建模6周后,造模组的SOD、GSH—Px、T—AOC水平分别为（38．52±7．63）U／ml、（2．14±0．52）U／ml、（3．13±0．94）10^3U／g,都低于空白对照组,与老龄化组相当,MDA高于空白对照组;经过12周的有氧运动,A、B和C组的SOD、GSH—Px、T-AOC水平均高于衰老对照组,MDA低于衰老对照组。结论有规律的有氧运动能提高衰老大脑的抗氧化能力,提高大脑组织中SOD和GSH—px活力,有效降低MDA的含量,延缓衰老。     

石榴汁与苹果汁改善老年人抗氧化功能的比较研究

比较石榴汁与苹果汁对老年人抗氧化功能的干预作用。将26名老年志愿者随机分为抗氧化活性较弱的苹果汁组和抗氧化活性较强的石榴汁组，每天饮用相应水果汁250ml，共4周。试验前后测定空腹外周血抗氧化活性、丙二醛水平、羰基化合物含量、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性、维生素C、维生素E、还原型谷胱甘肽、氧化型低密度脂蛋白含量以及淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度，     

不同抗氧化活性的蔬菜对老龄大鼠抗氧化功能改善作用的比较

目的观察三种不同抗氧化活性蔬菜对老龄大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。方法自然衰老雌性Wistar大鼠随机分四组,每组15只。对照组给予AIN-93M基础饲料,其余三组添加等量新鲜蔬菜折算的真空冷冻蔬菜粉(2.4%藕粉、0.7%油菜粉、0.6%黄瓜粉)的AIN-93M饲料,实验周期6w。实验结束后取血及肝、心、脑等组织,测定抗氧化活性、一些抗氧化物质和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量等指标。结果四组老龄大鼠血浆抗氧化活性无统计学差异;油菜和黄瓜干预组老龄大鼠血浆谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量(0.92±0.43,0.77±0.35)mg/L显著高于老龄对照组(0.52±0.22)mg/L;蔬菜干预组老龄大鼠血浆、组织MDA含量显著地低于对照组。结论三种蔬菜对老龄大鼠机体抗氧化功能均有一定的改善作用,未发现体外抗氧化活性较强的蔬菜对老龄机体抗氧化功能的改善作用优于抗氧化活性较弱的蔬菜;蔬菜发挥的保护作用可能是多种抗氧化物质协同作用的结果,其有效成分需要进一步研究揭示。     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化能力影响

目的研究大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法3月龄SD雌性大鼠去卵巢，术后验证造模成功，将去势大鼠随机分为2组，模型组给予去离子水，干预组给予大豆异黄酮提取物灌胃。另设对照组行假手术，给予去离子水灌胃。于第13周末处死大鼠，氧电极法测定脑线粒体呼吸链的呼吸功能，并测定脑线粒体和胞浆丙二醛（MDA）含量，肝、心和肾组织匀浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性。结果与对照组比较，模型组脑线粒体2条呼吸链呼吸控制率（RCR）、磷氧比（P／O）和氧化磷酸化效率（OPR）有明显下降，过氧化产物增加，肝、心和肾组织匀浆抗氧化酶的活性也有明显下降；用大豆异黄酮干预，可使上述指标有明显改善。结论大豆异黄酮能够提高去卵巢大鼠呼吸功能和肝、心、肾组织的抗氧化酶的活性．可能与其对抗自由基氧化损伤作用有美．     

何首乌复合剂对衰老的影响

目的：为探讨何首乌复合剂（何首乌＋黄精＋黑豆）对衰老的影响。方法：将老龄（20个月龄）雄性大鼠分为低、中、高3个剂量组和2个对照组老龄及少龄，每组1O只，连续给受试物70d。测定血清及肝、脑组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活力和MDA含量；另选Oregon K野生型黑腹果蝇，分为4个剂量组和1个对照组，每组400只，雌雄各半，进行果蝇生存试验。结果：剂量组为0．4、0．8、2．4g／ks．BW时，均显示有升高血清中SOD活力的作用及降低血清、脑组织中MDA含量的作用，剂量为O．8g／ks．BW时，显示有升高肝组织、脑组织中SOD活力的作用，剂量为2．4g／ks．BW时，显示有升高肝组织中SOD活力的作用及降低肝组织中MDA含量的作用；O．48％、1．44％浓度组雌雄果蝇与对照组相比均显示有延长平均寿命的作用，1．44％浓度组雌果蝇，0．16％、0．48％、1．44％浓度组雄果蝇也显示有延长平均最高寿命的作用，0．48％、1．44％浓度组雌雄果蝇的半数死亡时间也比空白对照组≥4d。结论：何首乌复合剂具有抗氧化、清除体内自由基及延缓衰老作用。     

maFGF对衰老大鼠脑和肝组织ATP酶活力及抗氧化作用的研究

目的探讨改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(maFGF)对衰老大鼠的抗衰老作用。方法采用皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型,测定脑和肝组织中ATP酶活力、SOD活力、MDA含量和抑制羟自由基能力。结果衰老对照组大鼠脑和肝组织中ATP酶活力、SOD活力和抑制羟自由基能力显著降低,MDA含量升高;经过用maFGF治疗衰老大鼠后ATP酶活力、SOD活力和抑制羟自由基能力均显著升高,MDA含量则显著降低。结论 maFGF起到降低自由基,提高ATP酶活力和抗氧化能力,具有抗衰老作用。     

口服谷胱甘肽对氟所致大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

目的 探讨口服不同剂量的谷胱甘肽（GSH）对氟所致大鼠质过氧化的影响。方法 对事先饮用10天150mg/L氟化钠（NaF）的雄性Wistar大鼠分别给予60、300和600mg/kg GSH灌胃12周,同时设对照组（饮蒸馏 水）和单纯氟染毒组（150mg/LNaF ）,测定血清（全血）、肝、肾、心、睾丸和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD） 活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果 单纯氟染毒可使大鼠血清、肝、肾、脑MDA含量显著增加,全血、肝、肾、心、睾丸SOD活性显著降低;口服GSH后,血清、肝、肾、脑MDA的生成减少,肝、肾、心、睾丸和SOD活性显著上升,同是300mg/kgGSH可显著促进尿氟的排出。结论 氟可使大鼠脂质过氧化作用增强,抗氧化能力降低,口服GSH可拮抗氟致脂过氧化作用,增加抗氧化能力。     

高压氧预处理对宫内缺氧缺血大鼠脑组织SOD活性、MDA含量的影响

目的 观察高压氧（HBO）预处理对宫内缺氧缺血大鼠脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响,探讨HBO预处理对宫内缺氧缺血大鼠的神经保护作用及机制。方法 给予处理组孕鼠产前HBO预处理,临产时建立宫内缺氧缺血模型,测定生后48小时脑组织SOD活性及MDA含量。结果 宫内缺氧缺血大鼠脑组织SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高,与对照组相比差别显著（P＜0．01）。HBO预处理组与模型组比较SOD活性升高,而MDA含量下降（P＜0．01）。结论HBO预处理能提高、诱发SOD生成和活力,对宫内缺氧缺血大鼠脑组织脂质过氧化及自由基清除系统具有有益的调节作用,HBO预处理能够提高脑组织对缺氧缺血的耐受性。     

A Review and Critical Analysis of the Scientific Literature Related to 100% Fruit Juice and Human Health

The association between the consumption of pure (100%) fruit juice (PFJ) and human health is uncertain. The current review summarizes data published between 1995 and 2012 related to PFJ with a focus on juices that are widely available and studied in forms representing native juice without supplemental nutrients or enhanced phytochemical content. The effects of apple, cranberry, grape, grapefruit, orange, and pomegranate PFJ intake on outcomes linked to cancer, cardiovascular disease, cognition, hypertension, inflammation, oxidation, platelet function, urinary tract infection, and vascular reactivity are reviewed. Implications for bodyweight regulation are also addressed. The collective data are provocative although challenges and unanswered questions remain. There are many plausible mechanisms by which PFJ might be protective, and investigation of its effects on human health and disease prevention must remain an active area of research.     

Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Hormonal Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Risk

Pomegranate is a rich source of polyphenols. Laboratory studies suggest polyphenols may exert breast cancer preventive effects through modulation of endogenous sex hormone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate juice consumption on serum levels of estradiol, estrone, testosterone, androstenedione, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Sixty-four healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to drink 8 ounces of either 100% commercial pomegranate juice (intervention) or apple juice (control) for 3 weeks. Overall, women in the intervention group did not experience any significant decline in serum sex hormones or SHBG compared to women in the control group. In subgroup analyses restricted to 38 normal weight women, women in the intervention group compared to control group had a significant decline in estrone (pg/mL) and testosterone levels (pg/mL): pomegranate: ?61.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): ?175.8 to 52.6), apple: 1.1 (95% CI: ?5.4 to 7.7), P = 0.05, and pomegranate: ?289.1 (95% CI: ?630.7 to 52.5), apple: 79.6 (95% CI: ?77.8 to 236.9), P = 0.03, respectively. Because of several study limitations, results should be considered preliminary. Additional larger trials would be needed to determine effects in normal versus overweight/obese women.     

Health Benefits of Apple Juice Consumption: A Review of Interventional Trials on Humans

Although numerous studies have reported the benefits of apple consumption on cardiometabolic health parameters and chronic disease prevention, few have focused on the effects of apple juice specifically. Juice consumption may be a convenient way to take advantage of the health effects of the bioactive components present in apples. The present review aims to summarize the current literature on health benefits of apple juice as reported in clinical trials in humans. Of the 67 studies retained, 20 interventional studies on humans were reviewed. Overall, cloudy apple juice consumption was found to be associated with several markers of cardiovascular health that may ultimately be relevant for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the documentation was found regarding oxidative stress, as well as observations with other parameters such as markers of inflammation, lipid profile, and diabetes. This review suggests that, in 20 studies, apple juice consumed in moderation exerts positive effects on markers of cardiovascular disease risk (particularly on oxidative stress).     

网纹甜瓜瓜汁对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察网纹甜瓜瓜汁(简称瓜汁)对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠免疫功能的影响,以探讨其延缓衰老的免疫学机制。方法50只雄性昆明小鼠根据体重随机分为正常组、衰老模型组和三个不同稀释度的瓜汁组。衰老模型组和三个不同稀释度的瓜汁组小鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖200mg/kg·d,正常组注射等量的生理盐水;三个不同稀释度的瓜汁组分别灌胃4倍稀释的瓜汁溶液、2倍稀释的瓜汁溶液和瓜汁原液0.5ml,每天2次,正常组和衰老模型组灌胃等量的蒸馏水。连续4w,随后取胸腺、脾脏称重,并取血,分离出血清测定免疫球蛋白和补体含量。结果衰老模型组小鼠的胸腺指数比正常组显著降低,给予瓜汁后,胸腺指数与模型组相比较显示剂量相关性的升高,其中原液组有显著性差异。衰老模型组血清IgG、IgM、C3和C4显著低于正常组水平;给予瓜汁各组的血清IgG、IgM、C3和C4含量均较模型组有所升高,其中2倍稀释组和原液组的IgG、C3、C4含量显著升高。各组脾脏指数和血清IgA的结果也显示类似趋势。结论瓜汁能够减弱或对抗衰老过程中免疫器官的退行性改变,增强机体细胞和体液免疫功能,从而有助于延缓机体的衰老进程。     

Pomegranate juice is potentially better than apple juice in improving antioxidant function in elderly subjects

In the present study, 26 elderly subjects were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups, that is, apple (low in antioxidant capacity) and pomegranate (high in antioxidant capacity) groups, and 250 mL of juice was consumed daily for 4 weeks. Changes in plasma antioxidant capacity, activity of antioxidant enzymes, contents of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and carbonyls, and the degree of DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells were measured. Urine samples were collected for determination of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine content. Increased plasma antioxidant capacity and decreased plasma carbonyl content were demonstrated after daily consumption of pomegranate juice. In comparison, apple juice consumption presented a less significant effect on antioxidant function in elderly subjects. It is concluded that daily consumption of pomegranate juices is potentially better than apple juice in improving antioxidant function in the elderly. Because the plasma ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione contents did not differ significantly between the 2 groups in this study, the phenolics may be the functional components contained in pomegranate juice that accounted for the observations.     

Formulation,Characterization and Optimization of β–Glucan and Pomegranate Juice Based Films for Its Potential in Diabetes

The aim of this study was to develop films based on β–glucans in association with pomegranate juice for its potential in metabolic disorders such as diabetes due to plenty of bioactive compounds from the film composition. Initially, a Box-Behnken design was generated by varying the level of β–glucan content (0.5, 1, 1.5 g), sodium alginate (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 g) and pomegranate juice (10, 20, 30 mL) for development of films. Subsequently, glycerin was added as 25% of the total dry matter. The optimization of the films prepared by the solvent casting method was conducted based on the different responses such as: water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, density, moisture content, solubility, film opacity and color. The water activity profile and FT–IR analysis were performed in all tests. The model was used to determine the optimal experimental values considering that the optimal film will make a sustained contribution to diabetes. The optimal values of the film sample made of β–glucans, sodium alginate, pomegranate juice and glycerin make it befitting for packaging dry powdered pharmaceuticals. Finally, antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, UV barrier properties and microcrack and pore detections through SEM were also investigated for the optimal film sample.     

Changes in quality attributes during production steps and frozen-storage of pomegranate juice concentrate

In this study, changes in critical quality attributes of pomegranate juice that was evaluated in juice processing line for obtaining clarified pomegranate juice concentrate were investigated. To achieve that juice samples collected from each production steps throughout juice processing line were analyzed. Moreover, the obtained pomegranate juice concentrate was kept at frozen conditions and monitored quality changings (color and anthocyanin compounds) for six months. The turbidity of the samples showed a significant decrease especially after filtration processes. The color parameters decreased remarkably after ultra-filtration. In pomegranate juice, six anthocyanin compounds were detected and the most abundant one was cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (117 mg/L). The decrease of TMAC in pomegranate juice was 27.8 % at the end of processing line, compared to fresh juice. Moreover, as colorless phenolics, fourteen compounds were identified and the most abundant one was ellagic acid (122 mg/L) and followed by gallic acid (108 mg/L) in fresh juice. Ellagic acid and gallic acid were respectively decreased by 25.7 % and 41.0 % at the end of processing line. The predominant organic acid and mineral were citric acid (17.4–25.5 g/L) and K (2648−3005 mg/L) in all production stages, respectively. The results showed that the main phenolic compounds in pomegranate juice affected dramatically during processing stages, especially after clarification and filtration processes. However, high stability for anthocyanin compounds was determined during frozen storage of the juice concentrate.     

高效液相色谱法测定苹果汁中的棒曲霉素

棒曲霉素（Ｐａｔｕｌｉｎ）是由苹果青霉菌和某些曲霉菌所产生的有毒代谢物。本文采用了ＨＰＬＣ法，对苹果汁中的棒曲霉素经乙酸乙酯提取，再用碳酸钠溶液净化。并对ＨＰＬＣ测定条件进行了试验研究，最后采用ＯＤＳ反相色谱柱及１０％乙晴水溶液为流动相，经紫外检测器在２７６ｎｍ条件下进行分离测定。本方法经０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．０３ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ三水平添加试验，平均回收率为８６．５％～１０７．０％，变异系数为６．９０％～１３．３５％，测定低限为１．０ｎｇ，在１．０～１０．０ｎｇ范围内线性良好。