39例慢性肺心病患者右室相应分析和射血分数的测定

目的：探讨右室相位分析和右室射血分数（ＲＶＥＦ）诊断慢性肺源性心脏病（肺心病）的临床意义。方法：应用门电路血池显像测定１１名正常人，１１例慢性阻塞性肺气肿患者。３９例慢性肺心病患者右室相们角标准差（ＲＶＳＤＰ）和ＲＶＥＦ。结果：肺心病患者的ＲＶＳＤＰ大于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０５），ＲＶＥＦ明显代于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０１），其中ＲＶＳＤＰ异常者占５９％，ＲＶＥＦ异常者占８２％，结论；ＲＶＳＤＰ异常提示可能     

相位角水平与射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者预后的相关性研究

目的分析射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)患者生物电阻抗指标相位角与预后的相关性。方法连续纳入重庆市开州区人民医院心内科住院治疗的HFrEF患者98例,收集相关临床资料,并随访1年。随访终点为心血管疾病相关的死亡和因心力衰竭加重导致的再入院。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线选取相位角判断预后的最佳截断值,采用Cox比例风险回归模型探讨相位角对HFrEF终点事件的预测能力并绘制患者预后的生存曲线。结果相位角判断HFrEF患者预后的最佳截断值为4.2°(灵敏度为0.78,特异度为0.81,曲线下面积为0.76,P0.05)。与相位角≥4.2°的患者相比,相位角4.2°的HFrEF患者随访1年的死亡和再入院风险增加2.41倍(风险比:2.41,95%CI:1.85～3.18,P0.05)。结论较低水平的相位角与HFrEF患者的再入院率和心血管相关的病死率显著相关,常规监测该类患者的相位角水平有助于判断其预后。     

ECToolbox软件计算左心室射血分数的适用性

目的 评价ECToolbox软件中R0、R1、R2公式计算门控心肌灌注显像左心室射血分数(LVEF)的适用性.方法 64例患者[冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)44例;高血压病20例]接受静息态门控心肌灌注显像(~(99m)Tc-MIBI)和平衡法门控心血池显像(~(99m)Tc-RBC),用ECToolbox软件中的R0、R1、R2公式分别计算LVEF,称为R0 LVEF、R1 LVEF、R2 LVEF.将三种公式的计算结果与平衡法门控心血池显像计算结果对比分析.结果 R0、R1、R2公式LVEF值与门控心血池显像LVEF值均有相关性(r=0.905、0.905、0.903,P均<0.05);χ~2检验三种公式LVEF值落入门控心血池显像LVEF值±15%准确率分别为54.30%、71.40%、22.90%,±30%的准确率为81.40%、88.60%、74.30%;Wilcoxon配对检验结果示R1公式计算结果与门控心血池显像计算结果差异无统计学意义,R0、R2公式计算结果与门控心血池显像计算结果差异有统计学意义.结论 门控心肌灌注显像用ECToolbox软件计算CHD和高血压患者的LVEF时,R1公式最为适用.     

射血分数保留和射血分数降低心衰患者临床资料分析

目的 分析射血分数保留的心衰(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,HFPEF)与射血分数降低的心衰(heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,HFREF)患者的临床资料,并探讨两种类型心衰的差异及鉴别诊断指标.方法 回顾总结复兴医院急诊科2013年8月至2015年7月收治的心衰患者443例.根据射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)将443例患者分为两组,HFPEF组(n =350)及HFREF组(n=93),比较两组患者一般情况、入院后24h实验室检测指标,以及超声心动图检查指标,并用Logistic多因素回归分析影响心衰类型的因素,建立多变量观察值的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),分析多变量联合鉴别两种不同类型心衰的敏感度和特异度.结果 HFPEF组患者年龄、女性所占比例、合并有慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)比例、超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)显著高于HFREF组(P＜0.01),HFREF组患者男性所占比例、合并冠心病比例、B型钠尿肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)、肌钙蛋白T(troponin T,TnT)、尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)、尿酸(nric acid,UA)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)高于HFPEF组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);应用Logistic回归分析影响心衰类型的因素,联合性别、hs-CRP、BNP、BUN、UA、HbA1c作出预测HFREF概率的ROC曲线,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.878,灵敏度为84.9％,特异度为77.7％.结论 联合性别及入院24 h hs-CRP、BNP、BUN、UA、HbA1c可能对心衰类型的鉴别诊断有参考价值.     

射血分数正常性心衰的研究进展

长期以来，对充血性心衰的研究和评价主要强调心脏收缩功能异常。而近年临床观察发现，在具有典型心力衰竭临床表现的患者中，约30％～50％。的患者左室射血分数在正常范围内，这类充血性心力衰竭即射血分数正常性心力衰竭，通常也称为舒张性心衰。现将其近期研究进展综述如下：     

门控心肌显像在测定左心室射血分数中的应用

目的:应用单光子发射计算机体层摄影(SPECT)技术同时测定不同采集条件下左心室射血分数(LVEF)值,并与超声LVEF值比较,研究其一致性和相关性。方法:选择172例受试者,利用SPECT共行门控显像技术,用99mTc-MIBI作为示踪剂,同时将心动周期设定8和16等份,在一次采集中得到两种条件的LVEF值,并与1周时间所得超声LVEF值作比较,研究门控心肌显像在LVEF测定中的影响因素,以及与常规超声法有无相关性。结果:统计分析显示,心动周期分成8和16等份所得的LVEF值大小是不同的,后者LVEF值较大,但两种方法所得结果存在相关关系。另一方面,SPECT所得的LVEF值均较超声心动图(UCG)所得值大,但与UCG所得结果具有很好一致性。结论:门控心肌显像在心肌活力判断时,利用共行显像技术可同时得到LVEF等心功能参数,其LVEF大小与超声结果有很大相关性,但其值存在显著差异,其正常参考范围尚需进一步研究。     

射血分数正常心力衰竭与心脏重构关系的研究

目的 探讨射血分数正常心力衰竭与心脏重构的关系.方法 收集2009年1月至2012年3月龙口市人民医院心内科收治的慢性心力衰竭患者188例,严格依照诊断标准分为射血分数正常心力衰竭109例(HFNEF组)与射血分数下降心力衰竭79例(HFREF组),并按NYHA分级不同又各自分为3个亚组(HFNEF组:心功能Ⅱ级组52例、心功能Ⅲ级组36例、心功能Ⅳ级组21例;HFREF组:心功能Ⅱ级组13例,心功能Ⅲ级组27例,心功能Ⅳ级组39例),测量所有纳入对象的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房内径(LAD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、右心室内径(RVD)等,并对其临床资料进行统计学分析.结果 HFNEF组较HFREF组年龄大[(64.59 ±5.34)岁与(58.89±4.23)岁,t=3.345,P=0.001]、女性患者多[58.7％(64/109)与41.8(33/79),x2=5.265,P=0.022)]、高血压比例高[81.65％(89/109)与63.29％(50/79),x2=8.012,P=0.005].不同心功能分级的HFNEF患者随着心功能下降严重程度的增加,其LVPWT、IVST、LAD、RVD均表现为逐渐增大,但在LVPWT[(9.05±1.89)、(11.30±2.67)、(13.90±2.77) mm,F=3.578,P ＜0.05]、IVST[(9.35±1.75)、(11.51±2.48)、(12.98±3.01) mm,F=3.081,P＜ 0.05]、LAD[(31.23 ±5.98)、(35.55±7.31)、(44.81±10.72)mm,F=6.711,P＜0.001]方面差异有统计学意义,在RVD [(18.95±1.02)、(19.21±1.11)、(19.99±0.98) mm)中差异无统计学意义(F=2.751,P＞0.05].心功能Ⅳ级的HFNEF与HFREF患者在LVPWT[(13.90±2.77)、(7.45±2.01)mm,t=11.439,P＜0.001]、IVST[(12.98±3.01)mm与(7.23±1.94) mm,t=10.318,P＜0.001]、RVD[(19.99±0.98) mm与(23.51±1.10)mm,t=2.838,P＜0.01]方面差异有统计学意义,而LAD [(44.81±10.72)mm与(46.30±11.76) mm]比较差异无统计学意义(=1.451,P＞0.05).结论 HFNEF患者中高龄、女性、高血压患者比例高,并对心脏重构的影响表现为随心功能分级的加重而加大,但对右心室几乎无影响,其心室结构变化与HFREF存在明显不同.因此临床医师须深入认识HFNEF的流行病学、病理生理学特点、诊断标准及治疗原则,从而更好地对该类患者进行诊断与治疗.     

胸阻抗法测量心脏指数和射血分数的临床研究

目的评价胸阻抗法测量心脏指数和左心射血分数两项指标的准确性及临床应用价值。方法６５位成人非瓣膜病患者,同时用彩色超声和胸阻抗法测量左心射血分数（ＥＦ）值; ６位非胸部手术后的危重病患者,在用 Ｓｗａｎ－ Ｇａｎｚ导管测量心脏指数的同时,用胸阻抗法测量心脏指数,每位患者取１０对数据。结果胸阻抗法测量的左心ＥＦ值为５７．４±５．９％,彩色超声同时测量的ＥＦ值为６３．５±８．８％,ｔ检验两种方法测量的结果无统计差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,两种测量方法的结果无相关性（ ｒ＝ ０．０４）; Ｓｗａｎ－ Ｇａｎｚ导管与胸阻抗法的对照结果说明,两种测量方法的结果有较好的相关性（１例ｒ＝ ０．６９３,其余５例ｒ≥０．８００）,平均相关性ｒ＝０．８５６。结论胸阻抗法测量左心射血分数的结果不适合用作临床指标;胸阻抗法可用于连续监测患者的心脏指数。建议这种监测是在胸阻抗不受其它因素明显影响的情况下进行,如：机械通气的条件改变或大量补液等。     

右心室射血分数与肺切除术后并发症的相关性分析

目的:探讨术前右心室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction,RVEF)与肺切除术后并发症的关系。方法:选取上海交通大学胸科医院胸外科2011年7月—2012年3月肺叶或全肺切除术患者216例,应用实时三维多普勒超声心动图连续对患者行术前RVEF测定。患者术前均行肺功能测定。分析RVEF与术后并发症的关系。结果:肺叶切除组RVEF45%的患者和RVEF≥45%的患者肺功能及术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。全肺切除组RVEF45%的患者和RVEF≥45%的患者肺功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:术前RVEF45%是全肺切除术后出现并发症的危险因素。     

Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction measured by quantitative gated SPECT

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by quantitative gated SPECT (QGS). We compared the efficacy of LVEF assessment among Tc-99m tetrofosmin gated SPECT imaging, contrast left ventriculography (LVG), and first-pass radionuclide angiography (FP). Patients: One-hundred and seven patients with ischemic heart disease underwent QGS and LVG simultaneously within 3 months, and 92 of the 107 patients also underwent FP at the same time. Results: QGS progressively overestimated LVEF at the lower range of end-systolic volume (ESV), especially in patients with small hearts. Moreover, the QGS technique systemically tended to underestimate LVEF in comparison with LVG. However, linear regression analysis demonstrated a good correlation between the LVEF values measured by QGS and those measured by both LVG (p<0.0001) and FP (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Although QGS has a tendency to overestimate LVEF in patients with small hearts, and to systemically underestimate LVEF compared with LVG, this technique is still a reliable clinical tool for measurement of LVEF.     

超声心动图评估射血分数保留心衰的右心结构与功能

射血分数保留的心力衰竭（heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF）是心力衰竭（heart failure, HF）的重要类型,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。目前HFpEF的研究主要集中在左心方面,但右心结构异常和功能障碍在HFpEF普遍存在。超声心动图作为一种重要的诊断工具,对右心结构和功能的评估具有独到的优势,且具有重要预后价值。本文就超声心动图评价右心结构与功能在HFpEF中的应用现状和预后价值进行综述。     

Thermodilution measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction with a modified pulmonary artery catheter

In 14 critically ill patients in stable cardiopulmonary status, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured by thermodilution technique and by radionuclear (gated first pass) technique. The pulmonary artery catheter was equipped with a fastresponse thermistor and an intracardiac ECG monitor. In addition, the proximal lumen ended in a 3-hole port 21 cm from the tip of the catheter to facilitate mixing of the cold bolus above the tricuspid valve. The use of a new algorithm based on an exponential curve analysis of the thermodilution curve limited the variability of RVEF determinations to 7.6%. The correlation between RVEF measured by thermodilution and radionuclear techniques was significant (y= 12.7+0.49x, r=0.67, p<0.01). However, the values obtained by thermodilution were usually lower, especially for high RVEF. Nevertheless, although some discrepancy was found, thermodilution techniques allow simple, accurate and repetitive bedside measurements of right ventricular volumes in the critically ill.     

Evaluation of right ventricular function by NuSMUGA software: gated blood-pool SPECT vs. first-pass radionuclide angiography

Background: In comparison with planar imaging gated blood-pool single photon emission computed tomography (GBPS) has the advantage of separating left and right ventricle. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) calculations by GBPS software (NuSMUGA, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL) in comparison to first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA). Methods: In 22 consecutive patients FPRNA and GBPS acquisition was performed. GBPS RVEF calculations were manually and automatically performed, using all gated short-axis-slices of the right ventricle. Results: Automatic RVEF assessed by GBPS did not correlate with conventional FPRNA (r = 0.40, p = 0.065). Mean FPRNA RVEF was 55 ± 10% and mean GBPS automatic RVEF was 32 ± 8%. Also manual GBPS RVEF did not correlate with conventional FPRNA (r = 0.41, p = 0.055). Mean RVEF measurement by manual GBPS was 33 ± 8%. Manual GBPS RVEF values correlated well with automatically determined GBPS RVEF values (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Automatic and manual values RVEF values assessed by GBPS did not correlate with conventional FPRNA values. FPRNA and GBPS calculations cannot be considered to be equivalent. Therefore the NuSMUGA program cannot be used to calculate RVEF.     

Correlation of right ventricular ejection fraction and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in tetralogy of Fallot by magnetic resonance imaging

The correlation between right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) by two-dimensional (2-D) echo has been repeatedly validated, but not by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nor in patients with congenital heart disease. We tested whether TAPSE measurements by MRI correlate with RVEF in surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients. TAPSE was measured from systolic displacement of the RV-freewall/tricuspid annular plane junction in the apical 4-chamber view in 7 normal subjects and 14 TOF patients. The RV was reconstructed in 3-D from manually traced borders on MR images to compute true EF. Because we previously observed discrepancy between TAPSE and RVEF in the presence of regional dysfunction, we also analyzed RV wall motion in terms of regional stroke volume at 20 short axis slices from apex to tricuspid annulus. RVEF was 52 ± 3% in normal subjects and 41 ± 9% in TOF (P < 0.01). TAPSE correlated weakly (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) with RVEF. TOF patients exhibited increased regional stroke volume from apical portions of the RV and decreased regional stroke volume at the base compared to normal (P < 0.05 at 15 of 20 slices). Regional stroke volume in apical slices correlated inversely with RVEF such that patients with higher apical stroke volume had lower RVEF (P < 0.05). TAPSE is not a reliable measure of RVEF in TOF by MRI. TAPSE may be of limited use in conditions that exhibit abnormal regional contraction.     

超声心动图评估射血分数保留型心力衰竭患者右心结构及功能研究进展

近年来射血分数保留型心力衰竭（HFpEF）发病率和病死率逐年升高。右心室功能不全（RVD）是HFpEF患者不良预后的独立预测因子。早期评估右心室结构及功能对选择治疗方案及改善预后具有重大意义。本文就超声心动图评估HFpEF右心结构及功能的研究进展进行综述。     

Influence of right ventricular pre‐ and afterload on right ventricular ejection fraction and preload recruitable stroke work relation

When right ventricular (RV) afterload is abnormally increased, it correlates inversely with right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). We tested, whether this would be different with normal afterload. Additionally, we investigated whether previous studies on the slope of RV preload recruitable stroke work (SW) relation, which used rather non‐physiological measures to change RV preload, could be transferred to more physiological loading conditions. RV volumes were determined by thermodilution in 16 patients with stable coronary artery disease and normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) at rest. Pre‐ and afterload were varied by body posture, nitroglycerin (NTG) application and by exercise at different body positions. At rest, the change from recumbent to sitting position decreased PAP, cardiac index (C_i), RV diastolic and systolic volumes, and RVEF. Additionally, mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) correlated positively with both RVEF and cardiac index. After correction for mathematical coupling, the RV preload recruitable SW relation was: right ventricular stroke work index (RVSW_i) (10³ erg m^–2)= 8·1 × (RV end‐diastolic volume index ?4·9), with n=96, r=0·57, P≤0·001. Exercise abolished this correlation and led to an inverse correlation between RV end‐systolic volume (ESV) and RVSW. In conclusion, (i) RVEF correlates positively with RV afterload when afterload varies within normal range; (ii) the slope of the RV preload recruitable SW relation, which is obtained at steady state under normal loading conditions, is substantially flatter than previously described for dynamic changes of RV preload. With increasing afterload, preload loses its determining effect on RV performance, while afterload becomes more important. This puts earlier assumptions of an afterload independent RV preload recruitable SW relation into question.     

心肌功能综合指数评价慢性肺心病患者右室功能的临床研究

目的探讨心肌功能综合指数(MPI)评价慢性肺心病患者右心功能的临床价值.方法慢性肺心病患者40例,正常对照组50例,应用多普勒超声心动图检查,记录三尖瓣舒张期和右心室流出道收缩期脉冲多普勒血流频谱,测量MPI.结果①慢性肺心病患者等容舒张期时间及等容收缩期时间明显延长、射血时间明显缩短,导致MPI明显升高(0.94±0.33 vs 0.30±0.06,P<0.0001);②慢性肺心病组MPI与年龄、肺动脉收缩压呈正相关.结论 MPI是评价慢性肺心病患者右心功能的简便而准确的多普勒超声新指标.