南阳路社区母亲婴幼儿喂养KAP现况调查及干预策略探讨

目的:探讨南阳路社区母亲婴幼儿喂养知识-态度-行为(KAP)现况调查及干预策略。方法:选择2018-04～2019-05南阳路社区婴幼儿母亲180例,采用自制一般资料调查问卷及自制KAP调查问卷进行调查分析,对KAP问卷得分60分的婴幼儿母亲实施营养教育。统计KAP调查问卷得分情况,并比较KAP问卷得分60分的婴幼儿母亲干预前、干预3mo及6mo的KAP问卷得分。结果:180例婴幼儿母亲中,KAP问卷得分良好45.56%,知晓率位列前3的分别为,98.89%愿意了解婴幼儿健康知识,92.78%对不利于婴幼儿健康的食物会坚决放弃,83.89%认为婴幼儿生长发育及健康与饮食有关;98例KAP问卷得分60分的婴幼儿母亲,干预前KAP问卷平均得分55.24±3.67分,干预3mo得分70.95±5.26分,6mo得分78.90±5.76分,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且与干预前对比,干预3mo及6mo的KAP问卷得分均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:南阳路社区母亲婴幼儿喂养知识、态度及行为均存在不良现象,需加强营养教育,促进科学喂养。     

母亲焦虑情绪对婴幼儿喂养影响的研究现况

合理的喂养行为对婴幼儿的健康成长非常重要，母亲的焦虑情绪是影响婴幼儿喂养实践的一个重要因素，直接影响婴幼儿的营养与健康。国内外学者就母亲焦虑情绪与婴幼儿喂养行为之间的关系开展了大量的研究。本文从焦虑情绪对母乳喂养、辅食添加和喂养习惯的影响出发，对近年来国内外针对二者关系的研究进行综述。     

南京市玄武区新街口社区婴幼儿家长科学喂养知识调查

目的了解南京市玄武区新街口社区婴幼儿家长科学喂养知识普及情况,为制定儿童保健门诊健康教育措施提供依据,提高儿保工作水平。方法 2011年3—6月对来儿保门诊的家长进行婴幼儿科学喂养知识问卷调查。共发问卷652份,有效问卷634份,有效率97.24%。结果该社区婴幼儿家长科学喂养知识按60分为知晓标准,知晓率为89.12%;80分及以上者占42.27%。科学喂养相关知识答卷正确率在40.15%～91.12%之间。结论该社区儿童家长对婴幼儿科学喂养知识了解比较充分,但母乳喂养、营养结构、喂养方式和技巧等知识有欠缺,需要有针对性地予以家长健康知识教育与指导。     

中国部分城市婴幼儿母亲的养育行为调查

目的　了解中国城市婴幼儿母亲养育儿童的状况 ,为进一步开展改善母亲养育行为 ,促进儿童早期发育的社区干预提供依据。方法　在北京、山东、浙江、广东、湖北 5个省 (直辖市 )的 10个城市社区中 ,对 1994名 6个月～ 3岁婴幼儿的母亲进行了养育情况的问卷调查 ,分析母亲在有关母乳喂养、辅食添加及早期教育等方面知识、态度和行为现状。结果　只有 2 2 .3 %～ 3 3 .7%的母亲能正确回答养育儿童的知识 ;4个月全母乳喂养率为 45 .3 % ,近 2 0 %的母亲过早或过晚添加辅食 ;约 1/ 3的母亲在教育儿童的方法上存在较多的问题。结论　城市母亲一些养育儿童的方法不利于儿童早期发育。建议应广泛开展以母亲为主要对象的改善养育行为和促进儿童早期发育的社区健康促进活动 ,传播科学养育知识和适宜方法 ,改变母亲不适宜的养育行为 ,促进儿童早期身心全面发展。     

舟曲县6～24月龄婴幼儿营养干预前后家庭喂养行为的变化

目的分析舟曲6～24个月婴幼儿营养干预后家长喂养方式的变化。方法按婴幼儿人口比例随机抽样开展基线和终期调查。基线和终期分别抽取了252名和239名婴幼儿及家长,采用问卷的形式了解在干预前后家长喂养行为变化情况。结果通过一年的干预,被调查婴幼儿的纯母乳喂养率由26.98%上升至39.33%,出生后一小时开奶率由17.06%上升至38.09%。配方奶粉的添加率由27.28%上升至61.51%,蔬菜类、肉类、豆类等辅食添加状况均有所改善。部分辅食的早添加率有少量下降。结论通过一年营养知识的干预,舟曲县婴幼儿家长的喂养行为有所改善,但仍存在喂养问题。需要加大干预力度,制定与实施切实可行的干预措施,实现婴幼儿家长的科学喂养。     

大庆市城区婴幼儿营养与喂养状况调查及干预研究

目的掌握大庆市城区2岁以内婴幼儿营养与喂养现状、存在的主要问题;探索城市婴幼儿营养与喂养健康教育的有效方法。方法按照随机抽样原则,从儿童保健门诊抽取常规体检的0～18个月健康儿童400人为研究对象,进行基线调查,对儿童主要看护人实施为期半年的干预后再次进行终末调查。所有数据资料应用SPSS10.0软件进行统计分析。结果 6月龄内婴儿母乳喂养率86.0%。家长在儿童营养与喂养知识方面存在误区,家长对此方面的知识有广泛需求。结论经对家长举办培训,家长喂养行为与喂养方法得到改善,项目开发的宣传资料及宣教方式干预效果良好,基本满足家长和医生的需求,可广泛推广应用。     

产妇母乳喂养的知识、自我效能与纯母乳喂养行为的关联分析

[目的]了解母乳喂养的知识、自我效能与纯母乳喂养行为现状之间的关联.[方法]采用横断面调查,随机抽取上海市嘉定区13家社区卫生服务中心的5家儿保门诊为调查现场,对1月龄婴儿的母亲进行在线电子问卷调查.[结果]收集合格问卷456份,母乳喂养知识得分为12～60分(满分60分),平均得分(47.17±5.65)分.母乳喂养...     

河北省涞水县5～7月龄婴儿喂养行为研究

[目的]探讨要儿喂养行为及其与行为改变理论变量的关系,为儿童保健及喂养的干预研究提供参考.[方法]采用横断面研究,分析河北省涞水县526名5～7月龄婴儿的喂养状况,喂养行为及其与母亲知识、态度、准则信念和对周围人的依从等行为改变理论变量的关系. [结果]调查地区5月龄婴儿基本纯母乳喂养的比例为21.4%,从6月龄开始添加辅食的比例为39.2%,采取正确腹泻时喂养行为的占18.6%.Logistic回归分析结果显示,母亲具有正确态度(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.04～1.63),容易采取基本纯母乳喂养行为;要儿月龄越大(OR=12.32,95%CI:7.88～19.27),周围人对合理时间添加辅食知识越认同(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.05～1.40),婴儿在合理时间添加辅食的比例越高.独生子女(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.01～2.78)、母亲具有正确知识(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.02～2.93)和态度(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.03～1.91)、以及周围人对腹泻时正确喂养知识越认同(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.04～1.52),越容易在婴儿腹泻时采取正确行为. [结论]调查地区需加强5月龄纯母乳喂养、合理时间添加辅食以及腹泻时喂养的健康宣教,并对目标人群有所侧重.     

孕妇自身对母乳喂养的认知调查

目的：了解孕妇对母乳喂养相关知识认知程度,对婴儿的喂养计划及对母乳喂养知识的需求情况,为临床进行母乳喂养方面的健康教育提供依据. 方法：采用自行设计的问卷对产科150名孕妇进行调查.问卷的主要内容包括一般资料、产后母乳喂养计划、母乳喂养认知情况、知识来源、希望获得母乳喂养知识的途径等. 结果：孕妇计划产后母乳喂养率低,母乳喂养的认知欠缺,渴望获得医护人员的专业指导.结论：孕妇对母乳喂养的认知情况不容乐观,对医务人员宣教需求量大,医务人员应在孕期适时开展有效的母乳喂养健康教育,为提高产后纯母乳喂养率奠定基础.     

重庆城市户口和流动户口婴幼儿喂养行为及相关因素分析

目的:了解重庆城市户口和流动户口婴幼儿喂养行为及相关因素,以便更好地指导儿童保健工作。方法:对2004～2006年期间在本院儿童保健中心保健门诊就诊的4～12月龄婴幼儿进行体格检查,对其母亲或喂养人进行问卷式调查。结果:城市户口婴幼儿的喂养优于流动户口,但4月龄内纯母乳喂养比例均较低,辅食添加时间不合理,营养素含量低;城市家长除断奶时间外,对其他喂养知识的掌握均较郊区家长好;母亲文化程度越高,对科学喂养知识的掌握越好;喂养行为主要受家长喂养知识及态度的影响。结论:家长喂养知识不足是造成婴幼儿喂养不当的重要因素,应积极宣传和普及科学喂养知识。     

克拉玛依市部分社区6个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养情况分析

目的 了解克拉玛依市母乳喂养现状,分析影响母乳喂养的各种影响因素,为提高母乳喂养率提供依据。方法 对克拉玛依市各社区卫生服务中心儿童保健门诊进行健康体检的0～6个月婴儿随机抽取375名母亲进行问卷调查,数据采用EpiData录入数据库,采用SPSS 18.0进行χ^2检验及logistic回归分析。结果 在375例婴儿中,母乳喂养314例,母乳喂养率83.7%;其中纯母乳喂养146例,纯母乳喂养率38.9%。影响母乳喂养的因素主要是产后奶量不足,其次与职业、工作性质、产妇年龄和产妇健康情况等有关。结论 克拉玛依市母乳喂养率与《中国儿童发展纲要（2001-2010年）》85%的目标要求相近;纯母乳喂养率距《中国儿童发展纲要（2011-2020年）》提出的50%的目标要求差距甚远。加强母乳喂养相关知识及技巧的宣教、均衡乳母营养和增加产假可提高母乳喂养率。     

健康教育对母婴同室产妇干预效果的评价

目的探讨在母婴同室中实施健康教育对提高产妇相关知识和技能的效果。方法通过对母婴同室产妇开展健康教育，采用自身对照的方法比较干预前后产妇对母婴护理的相关知识、技能，并比较干预前后的效果。结果产妇在入院分娩时对母婴护理的知识和技能了解不多，尤其是新生儿护理、预防接种、新生儿沐浴及脐带护理等方面，通过健康教育后，知识和衰能得到了提高，效果显著（P〈0．01）。结论在母婴同室产妇中实施健康教育能有效地提高产妇的相关护理知识和技能，对促进母婴健康有较大作用，值得临床推广。     

南宁市幼儿母亲对儿童口腔健康行为干预的影响因素分析

目的 研究南宁市幼儿母亲对儿童口腔健康行为干预的影响因素,为制定面向南宁市社区2.5~4.5岁儿童母亲的口腔卫生健康教育方案,及构建南宁市母子口腔卫生健康促进社区网络提供数据支持。方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取南宁市两个社区的6所幼儿园中2.5~4.5岁幼儿834名,对其母亲进行问卷调查,Logistic多因素回归分析儿童口腔健康行为干预影响因素。结果 38.5%的儿童每天刷牙两次及以上,34.0%的儿童有过口腔就诊,20.9%的儿童使用含氟牙膏,74.1%的儿童有睡前吃甜食。幼儿母亲的文化程度、帮助儿童刷牙、检查刷牙效果、定期口腔检查认知、含氟牙膏对牙齿影响认知等因素与儿童口腔健康行为干预有关。结论 南宁市幼儿口腔健康行为尚不完善,有针对性的提高母亲口腔保健知识,加强母亲干预儿童口腔卫生行为的预防措施。     

社区产后访视健康教育对母乳喂养的影响

目的:通过社区产后访视健康教育知识宣传让产妇和家属了解和接受母乳喂养知识和技能,提高母乳喂养率.方法:社区产后访视人员在产妇及新生儿出院后3天、28天各进行上门访视一次,先了解产妇及新生儿健康状况、母乳喂养知识了解程度和喂养技能掌握情况,再根据当前存在的问题给予纠正.对可能发生的问题给予预防措施指导.利用健康教育宣传母乳喂养知识,使产妇及家属了解和接受母乳喂养知识.结果:社区产后访视健康教育宣传指导使产妇及家属接受和正确实施母乳喂养,从而提高了母乳喂养率.结论:社区产后访视利用健康教育宣传和指导母乳喂养知识和技能对提高母乳喂养率有很大的促进作用.     

Health visitors and breastfeeding support: influence of knowledge and self-efficacy

BACKGROUND: Little is known about what influences health visitors' breastfeeding support. The objective was to describe health visitors' breastfeeding experiences, beliefs, knowledge and self-efficacy in breastfeeding guidance and determine the impact of a training course on these factors, and how they were reflected in practice. METHODS: A randomized intervention study enrolled 52 health visitors in the intervention group and 57 in the comparison group. The intervention group participated in an 18-hour pre-study training course that focused on knowledge about lactation and how to guide the mother to learn the mechanisms of breastfeeding. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires before the intervention and after the follow-up period. One hundred and six (97%) health visitors and 1302 (82%) mothers responded. RESULTS: At baseline no substantial differences were seen between the two groups on years since education, own breastfeeding experiences, beliefs or self-efficacy in breastfeeding guidance except that health visitors in the intervention group, who had completed the course, demonstrated significantly higher scores on knowledge questions (P < 0.01). After the intervention health visitors in the intervention group reported significantly higher self-efficacy in guidance on three of five breastfeeding problems (P < 0.01). Mothers in the intervention group reported having received more support than mothers in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: An interactive course increased the health visitors' knowledge of breastfeeding practice. After the intervention period the health visitors in the intervention group had increased their self-efficacy in helping mothers with common breastfeeding problems. The mothers in the intervention group reported more informational and instrumental breastfeeding support.     

西部贫困农村地区健康信息传播对婴幼儿母亲科学喂养认知的促进

目的 明晰西部贫困农村地区健康信息传播模式对婴幼儿母亲母乳喂养认知的影响,为提高该类地区妇女的婴幼儿喂养认知,从而改善婴幼儿的健康状况,提供科学建议。 方法 分别于2014年、2019年在我国西部贫困农村地区,选取24月龄及以下婴幼儿及其母亲为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集其人口学特征、健康信息传播模式、科学喂养认知等资料。运用回归分析健康信息传播模式对婴幼儿母亲的科学喂养认知的影响。 结果 共纳入1 284对（2014年）、1 049对（2019年）母婴。2019年婴幼儿母亲早开奶知晓率（72.64%）、纯母乳喂养知晓率（31.36%）均分别显著高于2014年（65.73%,25.30%）（均 P < 0.05）。在信息传播模式中,70.54%的婴幼儿母亲主要通过基层医务工作者获取喂养信息。回归分析显示,基层医务工作者结合信息传播材料传递母乳喂养信息( OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.03～4.85)促进了婴幼儿母亲的早开奶认知;基层医务工作者传播母乳喂养信息( OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.04～2.38)、基层医务工作者与亲友协同传播母乳喂养信息的交互作用( OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.48～3.87)促进了婴幼儿母亲纯母乳喂养认知。 结论 以基层医务工作者为核心的母乳喂养信息传播模式促进了西部贫困农村地区婴幼儿母亲早开奶、纯母乳喂养的认知。     

四川省汉、藏和彝族农村地区母乳喂养现状及其影响因素

目的了解四川省汉、藏和彝族农村地区0~18月龄婴幼儿母乳喂养的现状及相关影响因素。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取四川省2个汉族县、2个藏族县和2个彝族县农村地区0~18月龄婴幼儿及其母亲为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集母亲及婴幼儿的社会人口学特征、家庭情况、母乳喂养知识和行为等信息。运用非条件Logistic回归分析母乳喂养的相关影响因素。结果 1087名婴幼儿的早开奶率为22.45%,其中,985名6月龄及以上的婴幼儿纯母乳喂养至6月龄率为35.94%、658名12月龄及以上婴幼儿的持续母乳喂养至12月龄率为34.50%。分娩方式为顺产(OR=2.80,95%CI 1.82~4.30)、母亲的早开奶知识(OR=2.48,95%CI 1.69~3.64)是早开奶的有利因素。母亲是藏族(OR=1.56,95%CI 1.02~2.39)、家庭经济状况非常好(OR=2.70,95%CI 1.47~4.98)、母亲掌握纯母乳喂养知识(OR=1.47,95%CI 1.07~2.02)是纯母乳喂养至6月龄的有利因素。二胎及以上(OR=1.67,95%CI 1.11~2.52)、母亲掌握断奶知识(OR=3.96,95%CI 2.65~5.93)是持续母乳喂养至12月龄的有利因素。结论四川省汉、藏和彝族农村地区的母乳喂养现状不容乐观,母亲的民族、分娩方式、是否掌握相关知识、胎次及家庭经济状况均会影响婴幼儿母亲的母乳喂养行为。     

Paid parental leave supports breastfeeding and mother-infant relationship: a prospective investigation of maternal postpartum employment

Objective: To investigate the association between the mother‐infant relationship, defined as maternal‐infant emotional attachment, maternal separation anxiety and breastfeeding, and maternal employment status at 10 months following first childbirth. Method: Samples of employed, pregnant women, over 18 years of age and with sufficient English literacy were recruited systematically from one public and one private maternity hospital in Victoria. Data were collected by structured interview and self‐report questionnaire in the third trimester, and at 3 and 10 months postpartum. Socio‐demographic, employment, and breastfeeding information was collected. Participants completed standardised assessments of maternal separation anxiety and mother‐to‐infant emotional attachment. Results: Of 205 eligible women, 165 (81%) agreed to participate and 129 (78%) provided complete data. A reduced odds of employment participation was independently associated with continuing to breastfeed at 10 months (OR=0.22, p=0.004) and reporting higher maternal separation anxiety (OR=0.23, p=0.01) when maternal age, education, occupational status and use of paid maternity leave and occupational status were adjusted for in analyses. Conclusion: Employment participation in the first 10 months postpartum is associated with lower maternal separation anxiety, and shorter breastfeeding duration. Implications: Paid parental leave has public health implications for mothers and infants. These include permitting sufficient time to protect sustained breastfeeding, and the development of optimal maternal infant attachment, reflected in confidence about separation from her infant.     

Knowledge About Breastfeeding Among a Group of Primary Care Physicians and Residents in Puerto Rico

Physicians have an essential role in promoting, protecting, and supporting breastfeeding as the ideal method of infant feeding. They are in an important position to promote breastfeeding but report difficulty in advising mothers with lactation problems. The purpose of this study is to assess knowledge about breastfeeding among primary care physicians and residents and identify potential barriers to its promotion. One hundred seventy-seven residents and physicians answered an anonymous questionnaire. The participants recognized breastfeeding benefits but 26% did not encourage exclusive breastfeeding. Mastitis, breast abscess, and the use of medications by the mother were considered contraindications to breastfeeding. Temporary breastfeeding discontinuation and bilirubin levels measurement were the preferred recommendations for the jaundiced infant. Most physicians received training in breastfeeding benefits although they report fair knowledge in myths, techniques, and contraindications. Physicians demonstrated to recognize breastfeeding benefits, but formal education is needed to eliminate barriers to breastfeeding promotion and support.     

Ethnic Variation in Breastfeeding and Complimentary Feeding in the Republic of Ireland

Early nutrition plays a pivotal role in long-term health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life, with the gradual introduction of solids after this period. However, studies in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) have shown poor compliance with guidelines. The ROI continues to have one of the lowest breastfeeding rates worldwide. Our objective was to analyse differences in breastfeeding and complimentary feeding behaviours between Irish and non-Irish mothers residing in the ROI, as well as the role of acculturation on these behaviours, using the national longitudinal study, Growing Up in Ireland (GUI). Mothers (n = 11,134) residing in the ROI were interviewed when their infants were nine months of age. The percentage of Irish mothers who initiated breastfeeding was 49.5%, as opposed to 88.1% among the non-Irish cohort (p < 0.001). Breastfeeding initiation reduced from 89.4% of non-Irish mothers who had arrived within the last year to five years ago to 67.5% for those who had arrived 11 to >20 years ago (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that cultural differences are an important factor in shaping patterns of infant feeding in the ROI. Reviewing existing support and education policies for parents is required to achieve the implementation of desirable infant feeding practices.