Dual-Energy CT in Patients Treated with Anti-Angiogenic Agents for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Method of Monitoring Tumor Response?

Objective

To evaluate tumor responses in patients treated with anti-angiogenic agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by assessing intratumoral changes using a dual-energy CT (DECT) (based on Choi''s criteria) and to compare it to traditional Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria.

Materials and Methods

Ten NSCLC patients treated with bevacizumab underwent DECT. Tumor responses to anti-angiogenic therapy were assessed and compared with the baseline CT results using both RECIST (size changes only) and Choi''s criteria (reflecting net tumor enhancement). Kappa statistics was used to evaluate agreements between tumor responses assessed by RECIST and Choi''s criteria.

Results

The weighted κ value for the comparison of tumor responses between the RECIST and Choi''s criteria was 0.72. Of 31 target lesions (21 solid nodules, 8 lymph nodes, and two ground-glass opacity nodules [GGNs]), five lesions (16%) showed discordant responses between RECIST and Choi''s criteria. Iodine-enhanced images allowed for a distinction between tumor enhancement and hemorrhagic response (detected in 14% [4 of 29, excluding GGNs] of target lesions on virtual nonenhanced images).

Conclusion

DECT may serve as a useful tool for response evaluation after anti-angiogenic treatment in NSCLC patients by providing information on the net enhancement of target lesions without obtaining non-enhanced images.     

Measurement of Intra-Fraction Displacement of the Mediastinal Metastatic Lymph Nodes Using Four-Dimensional CT in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective

To measure the intra-fraction displacements of the mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes by using four-dimensional CT (4D-CT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods

Twenty-four patients with NSCLC, who were to be treated by using three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), underwent a 4D-CT simulation during free breathing. The mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes were delineated on the CT images of 10 phases of the breath cycle. The lymph nodes were grouped as the upper, middle and lower mediastinal groups depending on the mediastinal regions. The displacements of the center of the lymph node in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions were measured.

Results

The mean displacements of the center of the mediastinal lymph node in the LR, AP, and SI directions were 2.24 mm, 1.87 mm, and 3.28 mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the displacements in the SI and LR, and the SI and AP directions (p < 0.05). For the middle and lower mediastinal lymph nodes, the displacement difference between the AP and SI was statistically significant (p = 0.005; p = 0.015), while there was no significant difference between the LR and AP directions (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The metastatic mediastinal lymph node movements are different in the LR, AP, and SI directions in patients with NSCLC, particularly for the middle and lower mediastinal lymph nodes. The spatial non-uniform margins should be considered for the metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in involved-field radiotherapy.     

NSCLC患者血清肿瘤标志物水平与肿瘤骨转移之间关系的研究

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌患者治疗前血清肿瘤标志物水平与肿瘤骨转移之间的相关性。材料和方法:受检患者58名治疗前均行血清Cy21-1、SCC、NSE、CEA和CA15-3测定和SPECT全身骨显像。结果:血清Cy21-1和CA15-3水平与全身骨显像结果相关。(P<0.05),血清SCC,NSE及CEA水平则无相关(P>0.05)。结论:血清中Cy21-1和CA15-3升高水平与肿瘤骨转移之间存在正相关关系,尤以Cy21-1为著。     

Characteristics of Metastatic Mediastinal Lymph Nodes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer on Preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of PET and CT features of mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes on F-18 FDG PET/CT and to determine the diagnostic criteria in nodal staging of non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods

One hundred four non-small cell lung cancer patients who had preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT were included. For quantitative analysis, the maximum SUV of the primary tumor, maximum SUV of the lymph nodes (SUVmax), size of the lymph nodes, and average Hounsfield units (aHUs) and maximum Hounsfield units (mHUs) of the lymph nodes were measured. The SUVmax, SUV ratio of the lymph node to blood pool (LN SUV/blood pool SUV), SUV ratio of the lymph node to primary tumor (LN SUV/primary tumor SUV), size, aHU, and mHU were compared between the benign and malignant lymph nodes.

Results

Among 372 dissected lymph node stations that were pathologically diagnosed after surgery, 49 node stations were malignant and 323 node stations benign. SUVmax, LN SUV/blood pool SUV, and size were significantly different between the malignant and benign lymph node stations (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in LN SUV/primary tumor SUV (P = 0.18), mHU (P = 0.42), and aHU (P = 0.98). Using receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses, there was no significant difference among these three variables (SUVmax, LN SUV/blood pool SUV, and size). The optimal cutoff values were 2.9 for SUVmax, 1.4 for LN SUV/blood pool SUV, and 5 mm for size. When the cutoff value of SUVmax ≥2.9 and size ≥5 mm were used in combination, the positive predictive value was 44.2 %, and the negative predictive value was 90.9 %. When we evaluated the results based on the histology of the primary tumor, the negative predictive value was 92.3 % in adenocarcinoma (cutoff values of SUVmax ≥2.3 and size ≥5 mm) and 97.2 % in squamous cell carcinoma (cutoff values of SUVmax ≥3.6 and size ≥8 mm), separately.

Conclusions

In the lymph node staging of non-small cell lung cancer, SUVmax, LN SUV/blood pool SUV, and size show statistically significant differences between malignant and benign lymph nodes. These variables can be used to differentiate malignant from benign lymph nodes. The combination of the SUVmax and size of lymph node might have a good negative predictive value.     

Imaging Characteristics of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer on CT and FDG-PET: Relationship with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein Expression Status and Survival

Objective

To identify CT and FDG-PET features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein overexpression, and to evaluate whether imaging features and EGFR-overexpression can help predict clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods

In 214 patients (M : F = 129 : 85; mean age, 63.2) who underwent curative resection of stage I non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR protein expression status was determined through immunohistochemical analysis. Imaging characteristics on CT and FDG-PET was assessed in relation to EGFR-overexpression. Imaging features and EGFR-overexpression were also evaluated for clinical outcome by using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

EGFR-overexpression was found in 51 patients (23.8%). It was significantly more frequent in tumors with an SUV_max > 5.0 (p < 0.0001), diameter > 2.43 cm (p < 0.0001), and with ground glass opacity ≤ 50% (p = 0.0073). SUV_max > 5.0 (OR, 3.113; 95% CI, 1.375-7.049; p = 0.006) and diameter > 2.43 cm (OR, 2.799; 95% CI, 1.285-6.095; p = 0.010) were independent predictors of EGFR overexpression. Multivariate analysis showed that SUV_max > 4.0 (hazard ratio, 10.660; 95% CI, 1.370-82.966; p = 0.024), and the presence of cavitation within a tumor (hazard ratio, 3.122; 95% CI, 1.143-8.532; p = 0.026) were factors associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusion

EGFR-overexpression is associated with high SUV_max, large tumor diameter, and small GGO proportion. CT and FDG-PET findings, which are closely related to EGFR overexpression, can be valuable in the prediction of clinical outcome.     

胸部CT征象对周围型非小细胞肺癌脑转移的预测价值

目的 分析周围型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的胸部CT征象与脑转移的相关性,探讨CT征象预测脑转移的可能性.方法 回顾性分析103例经病理确诊的周围型NSCLC患者的胸部CT影像学资料,其中发生脑转移患者53例,未发生脑转移患者50例.使用统计学方法分析胸部CT征象和CT-T&N影像学分期与脑转移的相关性,并采用Logistic回归分析脑转移发生的危险因素.结果 单因素分析结果发现,病理类型、毛刺征及其分型、空洞/空泡征、CT-T分期和CT-N分期是原发周围型NSCLC发生脑转移的相关因素(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果发现,病理类型、CT-T2期和T4期、毛刺征及其分型、空气支气管征、胸膜凹陷征Ⅱ及Ⅳ型与脑转移的发生有关(P＜0.05),且除毛刺征及其分型外,均为脑转移发生的危险因素.年龄、性别、原发肿瘤大小及部位、分叶征、血管集束征与脑转移的发生差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论部分CT征象与周围型NSCLC脑转移的发生具有相关性,其中病理类型、CT-T2期和T4期、空气支气管征、胸膜凹陷征Ⅱ和Ⅳ型为脑转移发生的危险因素.     

Impact of Lymphoid Follicles and Histiocytes on the False-Positive FDG Uptake of Lymph Nodes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose

Although ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has improved the accuracy of evaluating lymph node (LN) staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), false-positive results remain a problem. The reason why benign LNs show high FDG uptake is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify molecular and pathological characteristics of benign LNs showing high FDG uptake.

Materials and Methods

We studied 108 mediastinal LNs of pathologically benign nature obtained from 43 patients with NSCLC who underwent FDG PET/CT and surgery. We measured the following parameters in each LN: maximum standardized uptake value (maxSUV), short diameter, maximum Hounsfield unit (maxHU) value, occupied proportions of lymphoid follicles, histiocytes in extrafollicular space and the degree of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) expression. We compared the parameters between two LN groups according to maxSUV.

Results

There were 74 LNs showing maxSUV≥3.0 (group 1) and 34 LNs with maxSUV<3.0 (group 2). The size of LN (p < 0.001) and maxHU (p = 0.003) in group 1 was higher than that in group 2. Histologically, the occupied proportions of lymphoid follicles (p = 0.031) or histiocytes (p = 0.004) were higher in group 1. The Glut1 expression of lymphoid follicles (p = 0.035) or histiocytes (p = 0.005) was also higher in group 1.

Conclusion

Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and histiocyte infiltration associated with Glut1 overexpression are important molecular and pathological mechanisms for false-positive FDG uptake in benign mediastinal LNs in patients with NSCLC.     

Ablation Therapy for Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A National Cancer Database Study

PurposeTo compare overall survival (OS) of ablation with no treatment for patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer.MethodsPatients with clinical stage IIIB (T_1–4N₃M₀, T₄N₂M₀) and stage IV (T_1–4N_0–3M₁) non-small cell lung cancer, in accordance with the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition, who did not receive treatment or who received ablation as their sole primary treatment besides chemotherapy from 2004 to 2014, were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated by log-rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression, and propensity score-matched analysis. Relative survival analyses comparing age- and sex-matched United States populations were performed.ResultsA total of 140,819 patients were included. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates relative to age- and sex-matched United States population were 28%, 18%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, for ablation (n = 249); and 30%, 15%, 9%, and 5%, respectively for no treatment (n = 140,570). Propensity score matching resulted in 249 patients in the ablation group versus 498 patients in the no-treatment group. After matching, ablation was associated with longer OS than that in the no-treatment group (median, 5.9 vs 4.7 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.844; 95% confidence interval, 0.719–0.990; P = .037). These results persisted in patients with an initial tumor size of ≤3 cm.ConclusionsPreliminary results suggest ablation may be associated with longer OS in patients with late-stage non-small cell lung cancer than survival in those who received no treatment.     

RECIST1.1与WHO、RECIST1.0标准评价周边型肺癌疗效比较

目的 比较WHO标准、RECIST 1.0标准、RECIST 1.1标准对周边型肺癌疗效的评价效果及一维测量法与体积测量法、半自动软件测量法与手动测量法结果的相关性.资料与方法 采用3种评价标准对62例周边型肺癌患者的近期疗效进行评估.分别计算出目标病灶的最大直径与最大垂直横径的乘积、最大直径之和,按照病灶缩小百分比将疗效分为完全缓解、部分缓解、病灶稳定和疾病进展.分析RECIST 1.1标准下一维测量法与体积测量法结果的相关性和WHO标准、RECIST 1.0标准下半自动与手动测量结果的相关性.结果 WHO标准、RECIST 1.0标准及RECIST 1.1标准评价结果两两间均呈正相关(r=0.705,0.572,0.607,P＜0.05).RECIST 1.1标准下一维与体积测量法结果存在正相关(r=0.839,P＜0.05).半自动与手动测量结果在WHO标准和RECIST 1.0标准下呈正相关(r=0.776,0.965,P＜0.05).结论 3种评价标准呈较好的正相关,但RECIST 1.1标准较RECIST 1.0标准及WHO标准细致全面.一维测量法较体积测量法更好地用于肺癌的疗效评估,半自动软件测量较手动测量更客观,两组测量方法分别具有较好的正相关.     

非小细胞肺癌放疗结合介入化疗或静脉化疗的对照研究

目的:评价放射治疗结合介入化疗或静脉化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效.方法:58例晚期中央型非小细胞肺癌随机分为2组,介入化疗加放疗组(A组):31例患者经支气管动脉灌注(BAI)(DDP 40mg,5-FU 1000mg,MMC 8mg);静脉化疗加放疗组(B组):27例经静脉点滴MFP方案(MMC 10mg一次性静脉灌注,DDP 30mg及5-FU 1000mg静滴5周),两组均化疗3～7d后,对肺部病灶及纵隔淋巴结引流区进行放射治疗,总量60Gy、5次/周.结果:A组总有效率(CR+PR)为80.6%, B组总有效率(CR+PR)为77.8%,两组总有效率差异没有显著性意义(χ2=0.072,P=0.0788).A、B两组患者1年及3年生存率分别为58.1%、48.1%和29.1%、7.4%,两组差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:综合治疗是晚期肺癌主导方向;介入化疗加放疗治疗晚期NSCLC的远期有效率优于静脉化疗加放疗方案,因此更值得临床推广应用.     

健择治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床效果评价

目的:观察健择单药治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法:28例65岁以上晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用健择800~1 250 mg/m2+5/%葡萄糖250 mL稀释,静注第1、8、15 d,28 d为1周期,一般为3~6周期.按WHO标准评估疗效和副作用.结果:PR10例、SD8例、PD10例.总有效率35.7%,临床受益率64.3%.TTP5.3个月,中位生存期8.5个月.生活质量提高,KPS评分平均提高12分.结论:健择在治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者中,毒副反应可耐受,临床应用安全,可作为老年非小细胞肺癌的治疗方案选择之一.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像评价非小细胞肺癌放化疗疗效及复发预测

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者放化疗前后18F- FDG摄取及其变化率与无进展生存期(PFS)的相关性,进行疗效反应分组,并与其他预后因子比较预测复发能力.方法:回顾性分析38例在放化疗前后于我科进行PET/CT检查的NSCLC患者,每例患者收集3组数据:治疗前SUV(SUV1)、治疗后SUV(SUV2)及治疗前后SUV变化率(△SUV％),分析三者与PFS的相关性,对相关性最强的因素进一步分析以确定划分治疗有无反应的临界值.结果:SUV1与PFS没有相关性(Pearson r=0.078,P=0.641);腺癌和非腺癌患者的SUV1具有显著性差异(P=0.025);不同临床分期的NSCLC患者的SUV1不具有显著性差异(P=0.839).SUV2与PFS呈显著负相关(Pearson r=- 0.354,P=0.029);腺癌患者SUV2小于非腺癌患者(P=0.017);Ⅰ～Ⅲa期患者SUV2小于Ⅲb～Ⅳ期患者(P=0.016).△SUV％与PFS呈显著正相关(Pearson r=0.503,P=0.001);Ⅰ～Ⅲa期患者△SUV％大于Ⅲb～Ⅳ期患者(P=0.003);不同病理类型患者的△SUV％没有显著性差异(P=0.348).△SUV％＞ 30％为有反应组,PFS显著长于无反应组;有/无反应组(x2=7.556,P=0.006)及腺癌/非腺癌组(x2=5.551,P=0.018)生存曲线差异有统计学意义,前者x2值略大于后者,但差异无统计学意义(x2=0.205,P＞0.05).结论:△SUV％与PFS相关性最佳,大于30％视为治疗有反应;根据△SUV％的疗效评估可比临床分期稍准确预测复发,但无显著差异.分期相同的患者根据SUV值可进一步划分为不同危险组来决定随访密度或治疗方案.     

胸腔灌注奈达铂治疗非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效分析

目的：观察胸腔灌注奈达铂（ NDP）治疗非小细胞肺癌（ NSCLC）恶性胸腔积液的临床效、患者生活质量及不良反应。方法随机将30例确诊为NSCLC（Ⅲb期）恶性胸腔积液患者分为两组,每组15例。观察组采用NDP治疗。对照组采用顺铂（ DDP ）治疗。比较两组临床疗效、不良反应及患者生活质量。结果观察组有效率、消化道不良反应发生率、Karnofsky 评分以及生存期均显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论采用NDP 胸腔灌注治疗NSCLC 引起的恶性胸腔积液,临床效果显著,不良反应少,安全性高。     

MSCT联合肿瘤标志物检查对中央型小细胞肺癌及非小细胞肺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的 分析中央型小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌的MSCT表现,并联合肿瘤标志物,探讨二者之间的鉴别诊断价值.方法 搜集2014年2月至2015年2月间经本院病理证实72例中央型肺癌患者(其中小细胞肺癌25例、非小细胞肺癌47例)的临床资料,分析两组患者的MSCT表现及与肿瘤标志物的相关性.用SPSS 17.0统计软件行单因素x2检验、成组t检验.结果 (1)胸膜腔积液、淋巴结融合征象以及支气管截断征在两组中差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),中央型小细胞肺癌在前二者的出现率高于非小细胞肺癌,支气管截断征的出现率低于非小细胞肺癌;心包腔积液、胸膜转移、远处转移、血管受侵、肿瘤坏死,纵隔肺门及远处淋巴结肿大在两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)血清肿瘤标志物CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE、ProGRP、SCC在小细胞肺癌与非小细胞肺癌中的阳性率,组间比较具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中小细胞肺癌组的NSE、ProGRP阳性表达率高于非小细胞肺癌组;非小细胞肺癌组的CA125、CYFRA21-1、SCC阳性表达率高于小细胞肺癌组.(3)中央型小细胞肺癌组中有无心包积液的CYFRA21-1的阳性表达率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);有无胸膜转移、有无肿瘤坏死、有无纵隔肺门及远处淋巴结肿大的CEA的阳性表达率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);有无纵隔肺门淋巴结肿大的SCC阳性表达率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(4)中央型非小细胞肺癌组中有无胸膜转移的CA125的阳性表达率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);有无胸腔积液的NSE的阳性表达率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);有无肿瘤坏死的SCC阳性表达率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 中央型小细胞肺癌与非小细胞肺癌有不同的MSCT表现,结合肿瘤标志物分析,有助于二者的鉴别诊断.     

Metabolic Tumor Volume Measured by F-18 FDG PET/CT can Further Stratify the Prognosis of Patients with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose

This study aimed to further stratify prognostic factors in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by measuring their metabolic tumor volume (MTV) using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Materials and Methods

The subjects of this retrospective study were 57 patients with stage IV NSCLC. MTV, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were measured on F-18 FDG PET/CT in both the primary lung lesion as well as metastatic lesions in torso. Optimal cutoff values of PET parameters were measured by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for evaluation of progression-free survival (PFS). The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to select the significant prognostic factors.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that both MTV and TLG of primary lung lesion (MTV-lung and TLG-lung) were significant factors for prediction of PFS (P < 0.001, P = 0.038, respectively). Patients showing lower values of MTV-lung and TLG-lung than the cutoff values had significantly longer mean PFS than those with higher values. Hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval) of MTV-lung and TLG-lung measured by univariate analysis were 6.4 (2.5–16.3) and 2.4 (1.0–5.5), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that MTV-lung was the only significant factor for prediction of prognosis. Hazard ratio was 13.5 (1.6–111.1, P = 0.016).

Conclusion

Patients with stage IV NSCLC could be further stratified into subgroups of significantly better and worse prognosis by MTV of primary lung lesion.     

多西他赛联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的 化疗是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的主要方法.本研究旨在分析多西他赛加卡铂作为一线方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效.方法 本组共治疗64例ⅢB、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌,采用多西他赛75 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1天;卡铂时间曲线下面积=5,静脉滴注第2天.结果 全组总有效率(完全缓解 部分缓解)为42.6%(26例),临床获益率(完全缓解 部分缓解 稳定)为68.8%(42例),中位生存期14个月,1年生存率45.23%.初治病例有效率47.2%(17例),中位生存期14个月;复治病例有效率36.0%(9例),中位生存期12个月,两者之间有显著差异(P=0.0233).ⅢB期病例有效率45.7%(16例),中位生存期15个月;Ⅳ期病例有效率38.5%(10例),中位生存期12个月,两者之间有显著差异(P=0.0354).腺癌有效率40.0%(10例),中位生存期13个月;鳞癌有效率45.2%(14例),中位生存期14个月,两者之间无显著差异(P=0.2636).主要毒副反应为粒细胞下降、乏力、恶心呕吐及脱发等.结论 多西他赛联合卡铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效可靠,副反应轻微,可作为晚期非小细胞肺癌的一线和二线治疗方案.     

小细胞肺癌的CT征象和血管生成(VEGF、MVD)相关性研究

目的探讨小细胞肺癌(SCLC)的CT征象和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、微血管密度(MVD)的相关性。方法收集资料完整的37例小细胞肺癌,回顾性分析CT征象;应用免疫组化方法(S-P法)检测标本中的VEGF、MVD的含量,统计分析其相关性。结果37例小细胞肺癌中VEGF阳性表达为83.78%(31/37)、MVD平均为51.75±16.97;VEGF阳性组MVD为53.45±13.58,VEGF阴性组MVD为39.16±15.39,2组间有差异(P<0.05);小细胞肺癌的CT征象:肿瘤直径≥3cm、分叶征、肺门纵隔淋巴结大、强化程度与MVD含量密切相关(P<0.05)。结论通过小细胞肺癌的CT征象可以评价其组织中VEGF、MVD的表达及血管生成情况,进一步判断小细胞肺癌的恶性程度、转移、预后成为可能。     

Gefitinib with or without Transarterial Infusion Chemotherapy (Cisplatin) for Large Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations

PurposeTo retrospectively investigate the safety and benefit of gefitinib plus transarterial infusion (TAI) therapy as a first-line treatment compared to gefitinib alone for patients with large (>7 cm) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2010 and December 2013, 92 consecutive treatment-naïve patients with large NSCLC with EGFR mutations, who were treated using gefitinib plus TAI (G+T, n = 42) or gefitinib alone (G, n = 50) were reviewed. The primary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and tumor reduction rate. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and safety was also assessed.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were balanced, and no patients experienced treatment-related death. Toxicity outcomes did not differ between the G+T and G groups. The tumor reduction rate in the G+T group was significantly higher than that in the G group (42.9 vs 31.9%, P = .028). The ORR was 83% in the G+T group and 72% in the G group (P = .197). The median PFS was significantly longer in the G+T group than in the G group (14.0 vs 10.0 months, P = .023). The median OS was 30.0 months in the G+T group and 27.0 months in the G group (P = .235).ConclusionsThis study suggests that compared with gefitinib alone, combination therapy with gefitinib plus TAI was well tolerated and potentially improved the tumor reduction rate and PFS in patients with large NSCLC with EGFR mutations.     

Geographic Access to CT for Lung Cancer Screening: A Census Tract-Level Analysis of Cigarette Smoking in the United States and Driving Distance to a CT Facility

Purpose

Spatial access to health care resources is a requisite for utilization. Our purpose was to determine, at a census tract level, the geographic distribution of US smokers and their driving distance to an ACR-accredited CT facility.