尿酸在活化玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

目的探讨利用微分脉冲伏安技术测定全血中尿酸的电化学分析方法。方法玻碳电极在1mol/LNaOH溶液中活化,用循环伏安法研究尿酸在活化玻碳电极上的氧化还原特性,用微分脉冲伏安法直接测定尿酸的含量。结果在0.1mol/L的醋酸缓冲溶液中(pH5.0),尿酸在活化玻碳电极上于0.484V处产生一个灵敏的氧化峰。微分脉冲伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与尿酸的浓度在5.0×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9989,检出限为1.0×10-6mol/L。能在抗坏血酸存在下同时测定尿酸。结论方法操作简单方便,重现性较好,用于人血中尿酸的测定,结果令人满意。     

槐定碱的电化学反应机制与分析

目的:探讨槐定碱在玻碳电极上的电化学反应机制及分析方法.方法:在硼酸-氯化钾-碳酸钠(A-P)缓冲溶液(pH 7.4)中,采用循环伏安、计时电量、恒电位电解并结合紫外光谱法研究槐定碱在玻碳电极上的电化学反应机制,利用差示脉冲伏安法建立槐定碱的电化学分析方法.结果:槐定碱在玻碳电极上产生一不可逆的氧化峰,峰电位为0.875 V,是两电子两质子的不可逆扩散氧化波,电荷转移系数为0.44,电极表观电子传递速率常数为7.12 × 10-3s-1;扩散系数为2.16 × 10-5 cm2/s;其峰电流与槐定碱浓度在8.0 × 10-6～3.0 × 10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.0 × 10-6mol/L.结论:推导出了槐定碱的电极反应机制,可用于模拟生物样品中槐定碱的含量测定,结果满意.     

多巴胺在聚刚果红修饰电极上的伏安行为及其测定

目的　研究多巴胺 (DA )在聚刚果红修饰电极上的伏安行为 ,建立 DA含量测定方法。　方法　用循环伏安法制备聚刚果红修饰玻碳电极 ,以循环伏安法与差示脉冲伏安法研究 DA在修饰电极上的电化学行为及其含量测定方法。　结果　聚刚果红修饰电极对 DA有明显的电催化作用。在 p H 3.0磷酸盐缓冲液中 ,氧化峰电流与 DA浓度在 5× 10 - 6 ～ 1.2 5× 10 - 4mol/ L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检测限为 2× 10 - 6 mol/ L。　结论　聚刚果红修饰电极可有效消除抗坏血酸对 DA测定的干扰 ,能用于实际样品中 DA的含量测定。     

羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对秦皮中秦皮乙素的灵敏测定

目的研究秦皮乙素在羧基化多壁碳纳米管(c-MWCNTs)修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定方法。方法利用交流阻抗法(EIS)和循环伏安法(CV)表征修饰电极,用CV研究秦皮乙素在电极上的电化学行为,以差示脉冲伏安(DPV)对其含量进行测定。结果 c-MWCNTs修饰电极对秦皮乙素有明显的电催化作用,在pH4.5磷酸缓冲液(PBS)中,氧化峰电流与秦皮乙素浓度在6.0×10-2～8.0μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为5.0×10-3μmol/L。结论 c-MWCNTs修饰电极与裸玻碳电极(GCE)相比,提高了秦皮乙素的检测灵敏度,可用于实际样品中秦皮乙素含量的测定。     

羧基功能化石墨烯修饰电极伏安法对芦丁的检测研究

目的：制备羧基功能化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,研究芦丁在该电极上的电化学行为,建立芦丁测定的新方法。方法：分别采用循环伏安法和差示脉冲伏安法研究了芦丁在修饰电极上的电化学行为,优化了包括支持电解质、缓冲液pH、修饰剂用量等测定条件。结果：在10mmol／LpH=7．5的Tris-Hcl缓冲溶液中,还原峰电流与芦丁的浓度对数在4．0×10-7-8．0×10-5mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1．0×10-7mol／L（S／N=3）,加样回收率在97．60％-106．30％。结论：该方法灵敏度高、检测范围宽,已用于复方芦丁片中芦丁的测定,结果令人满意。     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极同时测定己烯雌酚和辛基酚

目的:建立同时测定己烯雌酚(diethylstilbestrol,DES)和辛基酚(octylphenol,OP)的电化学方法。方法:通过自组装技术将氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)组装到壳聚糖修饰的玻碳电极表面,构建GO-壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极,用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究DES和OP在该修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定,利用Origin8软件多峰曲线拟合分析实验数据。结果:在p H 7.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,同时测定DES和OP的线性范围分别为3.31×10-7~1.24×10-5 mol/L和2.89×10-7~9.50×10-6mol/L,检测限为7.56×10-8 mol/L。且该修饰电极具有良好的重复性和稳定性。结论:GO/壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极测定酚类环境刺激素具有简单、快速等优点,可同时测定DES和OP的混合样品。     

异鼠李素在碳糊电极上的伏安行为及其测定

目的 研究异鼠李素在碳糊电极上的伏安行为,建立异鼠李素含量测定的新方法. 方法 采用循环伏安法检测异鼠李素在电极上的电化学行为,以差示脉冲伏安测定其含量. 结果 异鼠李素发生单电子、单质子的氧化还原反应,该反应为有吸附特征的可逆过程.在pH 4.0磷酸缓冲液中,氧化峰电流与异鼠李素浓度在2.0×10-7～3.0×10-6 mol/L呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.5×10-8 mol/L. 结论 碳糊电极可有效消除样品中其他组分对异鼠李素测定的干扰,可用于实际样品的测定.     

HPLC法测定不同厂家牛黄解毒片中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定不同厂家牛黄解毒片中黄芩苷的含量。方法采用HPLC法检测牛黄解毒片中黄芩苷的含量,色谱条件:色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱(250 nm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水-磷酸(50∶50∶0.2),流速:0.8 ml/min;检测波长:280 nm;柱温:20℃。进样量:20μl。结果黄芩苷在浓度为0.02~0.16 mg/ml内峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9990),回收率分别为92.04%、94.10%和96.24%,RSD≤2.27%(n=3);不同厂家牛黄解毒片中黄芩苷的含量从0.98%到2.49%不等。结论 HPLC法操作简便、灵敏,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,可用于牛黄解毒片中黄芩苷的质量控制。     

维生素B6在电化学活化玻碳电极上电化学行为的研究

玻碳电极（GCE）经阳极氧化（＋1．8V）和循环扫描（－1．5V－＋1．6V）的方法预处理得到的电化学活化玻碳电极（PGCE），在0.2mol/L PBS(pH6.0)中，循环伏安图有一对氧化还原峰。用循环伏安法、线性扫描伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了VB6在PGCE上的电化学行为；这种PGCE亦可用来研究VB6的代谢产物，并同时测定VB6及吡哆喹的两种异构体。     

玻碳电极修饰溶出伏安法测定维生素C的含量

目的:用修饰电极技术测定溶液中维生素C的含量。方法:使用修饰玻碳电极技术和锁相交流溶出伏安法。结果:维生素的检出限为2.16×10-6mol/L。结论:该方法简便、快捷,结果令人满意。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.