去卵巢、去松果体对大鼠杏仁核细胞凋亡的影响

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD)临床主要表现为记忆力减退，其中受情绪影响的长时记忆减退主要与杏仁核的神经元减少有关。AD的病因至今不清，近来研究结果显示，体内雌激素(estrogen，E)、褪黑素(melatonin，MT)缺乏与AD发病有关，而细胞凋亡可能参与了发病过程心。     

炎症反应及抗炎药物与阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)又称老年性痴呆,是一种常见的以认知功能进行性减退为特征的中枢神经系统(CNS)变性疾病,其病因和发病机制十分复杂,迄今仍未完全阐明.近年来越来越多的实验和临床证据表明,AD、帕金森病和多发性硬化等CNS疾病均与炎症反应有关,而对AD的研究表明:大量已知的炎症因子参与了AD的炎症损伤病理过程,在老年斑周围有大量活化的胶质细胞和炎症细胞,AD患者脑内持续存在慢性炎症反应等,这证明炎症机制参与了AD病理的发生发展过程.     

盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer，sdisease，AD)是引起老年期痴呆最常见的原因。该病属于神经系统变性疾病，患病率随着年龄的增加而升高，85岁以上的老年人群罹患率约为30％。阿尔茨海默病的临床表现主要为渐进性记忆力减退，认知功能障碍，情感行为异常，严重影响患的工作、生活能力以及生活质量。目前，阿尔茨海默病的确切发病机制尚不清楚，但以往的大量临床及病理生理研究证实，脑组织内的胆碱能系统受损，乙酰胆碱水平下降是其重要原因之一，故提高和稳定脑组织内乙酰胆碱系统的代谢功能成为主要治疗靶点。     

阿尔茨海默病和癫(痫):神经变性与网络功能异常相关性研究进展

阿尔茨海默病和癫(痫)是神经系统常见疾病,发病机制复杂,缺乏有效治疗手段,是临床神经科学急待解决的重点问题.既往研究显示两者在病因、发病机制、临床表现、治疗等方面均有一定的相关性.文中重点针对阿尔茨海默病和癫(痫)共病的病理和发病机制进行的研究,以及对神经变性和网络功能异常的研究进行综述,以探讨阿尔茨海默病和癫(痫)研究及治疗新思路.     

阿尔茨海默病的发病机制研究进展(综述)

阿尔茨海默病的发病机制尚未阐明。有文献报道 ,脑内胆碱能传递功能紊乱、β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、基因突变等因素可能与其发病有关。     

阿尔茨海默病病因学及发病机制研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease，AD)是老年人中最常见的神经系统退行性疾病。其临床特点是隐袭起病，逐渐出现记忆力减退、认知功能障碍、行为异常和社交障碍。通常病情呈进行性加重，逐渐丧失独立生活能力，发病后10～20年因并发症而死亡。阿尔茨海默病的病理特征包括，脑神经细胞外出现β-淀粉样蛋白(AB)聚集形成的老年斑，脑神经细胞内tau蛋白异常聚集形成的神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangle，NFT)，脑皮质细胞减少以及累及皮质动脉和小动脉的血管淀粉样变性。     

综合干预对轻度认知功能损害和早期老年痴呆患者的影响

正本研究对轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)和早期阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者进行综合认知功能干预,现报告如下。1对象和方法为2011年自贡市青杠林社区筛查出的≥60岁MCI 169例及轻度AD 78例。MCI入组标准:主观有记忆力减退3个月,家属确认其认知功能减退;蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)26分,简易智力状况检查(MMSE)24分;排除严重     

与阿尔茨海默病相关的睡眠障碍研究进展

正认知功能下降和痴呆越来越成为全球健康卫生的负担,阿尔茨海默病(AD)是重中之重。AD主要临床表现为逐渐出现并加重的记忆障碍,并有语言、视空间、理解、判断、推理、计算和执行等多种功能减退,除了认知功能受损之外大部分患者伴有各种各样痴呆相关的精神行为症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)和人格改变,严重影响社交功能与生活质量。睡眠障碍属于BPSD的一种,     

胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗与阿尔茨海默病

胰岛素在中枢神经系统的代谢、调节作用与阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病的关系日益受到重视,胰岛素抵抗(IR)对阿尔茨海默病发病的影响成为研究的热点.其主要机制为胰岛素抵抗促进tau蛋白磷酸化和加重邮Aβ的神经毒性作用,此过程与脑部胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子所介导的信号系统紊乱有关,胰岛素信号转导在调节和控制神经细胞能量代谢中起着关键作用.随着对胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗与阿尔茨海默病关系的研究深入,希望能对阿尔茨海默病提供更好的预防和治疗措施.     

阿尔茨海默病中神经生长因子及其受体的变化

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)又称老年性痴呆,是一种原因未明以记忆力下降和认知功能减退为主要临床表现的神经系统退行性疾病。神经生长因子(NGF)是最早发现且在脑内广泛分布的神经营养因子类物质。研究发现阿尔茨海默病中靶脑区NGF受体TrkA表达减少导致NGF逆向运输减少,以致Meynert基底核NGF减少,从而使基底前脑胆碱能神经元缺乏足够的NGF供应,促使基底前脑胆碱能神经元退变。有关动物实验研究表明神经生长因子能够在一定程度上缓解神经元变性。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,