特异性免疫治疗对慢性鼻窦炎伴变应性鼻炎患者鼻内镜手术效果的影响

目的 探讨特异性免疫治疗对慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)伴变应性鼻炎患者功能性内镜鼻窦手术(FESS)效果的影响.方法 将确诊为CRS伴常年性变应性鼻炎的57例患者按照尘螨过敏与否分成两组,尘螨过敏者为治疗Ⅰ组,FESS术后采用皮下免疫治疗;非尘螨过敏者为治疗Ⅱ组,单纯行FESS.分别对两组患者术前、术后6个月、术后1年的症状及体征进行评分并对比,采用鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-20 (SNOT-20)量表及Lund-Kennedy鼻内镜评分法.结果 两组患者术后6个月和1年的SNOT-20及Lund-Kennedy评分较术前均有明显改善(P＜0.01),治疗Ⅰ组患者的疗效优于治疗Ⅱ组且组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 特异性免疫治疗可改善CRS伴变应性鼻炎患者的手术效果.     

高渗盐水普米克令舒治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉FESS术后复发

目的 评价3%的高渗盐水普米克令舒溶液治疗伴有变应性鼻炎的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉功能性内镜鼻窦手术(FESS)术后复发的疗效。方法 对伴有变应性鼻炎的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉FESS术后复发患者给予3%的高渗盐水普米克令舒溶液鼻腔灌洗3~5周,每日1次,比较治疗前后CT、鼻内镜检查结果及症状改善情况。结果 治疗组30例,治愈 20例,好转8例,无效2例。对照组20例,治愈4例,好转8例,无效8例。结论 3%的高渗盐水普米克令舒溶液治疗伴有变应性鼻炎的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉FESS术后复发安全、有效。     

鼻窦球囊导管扩张术的远期疗效分析

目的 评估鼻窦球囊导管扩张术的安全性和有效性.方法 应用鼻窦球囊导管扩张术治疗48例(94侧)慢性鼻窦炎伴或不伴鼻息肉以及霉菌性鼻窦炎和鼻窦囊肿患者,随访1年、2年,分析手术前后鼻内镜检查、冠状位鼻窦CT检查结果,用Lund-Kennedy内镜和Lund-Mackay鼻窦CT评分系统评分观察手术效果,以SNOT-20调查表评价预后.结果 患者主观症状均有不同程度改善,SNOT-20评分表中各项与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).鼻内镜检查见窦口通畅,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),7例(8侧)窦口肿胀、狭窄可在术后随访过程重新扩大处理.1例出现眶周淤斑,无颅底和眼眶等严重并发症.结论 鼻窦球囊导管扩张术操作简便,能有效解除窦口阻塞,同时能够保留鼻腔鼻窦的正常结构,手术微创,出血少,安全有效.鼻内镜检查和鼻窦CT客观上反映了手术的良好转归.对合适的伴或不伴鼻息肉的鼻窦炎病例,可单独应用鼻窦球囊导管扩张术或联合标准的鼻内镜鼻窦手术.     

中鼻甲部分切除术在鼻内镜手术中的作用评价

目的：评价中鼻甲部分切除术在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术后的疗效。方法对122例已行鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）、鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-20中文版（SNOT-20 CV）量表、Lund-Mackay CT方法和Lund-Kennedy鼻内镜方法进行主客观评分,综合评价中鼻甲部分切除患者与中鼻甲保留患者治疗前后的临床疗效。结果①两组患者术前合并鼻息肉和/或鼻中隔偏曲发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而单纯合并变应性鼻炎和/或支气管哮喘的发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;②两组患者术前CT及鼻内镜评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而VAS及SNOT-20CV评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;③两组患者术后半年与术前鼻内镜评分的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而VAS及SNOT-20CV评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论行中鼻甲部分切除的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者多合并鼻息肉和/或鼻中隔偏曲,与中鼻甲保留患者术前及术后的生存质量无明显差异,而行中鼻甲部分切除患者术后的内镜评分明显提高。     

龙胆泻肝汤结合西药治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉患者的临床观察

目的观察龙胆泻肝汤结合西药治疗对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉患者的临床效果。方法选择60例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉患者随机分对照组和治疗组,对照组给予鼻喷激素、大环内酯类(14元环)类药物,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予龙胆泻肝汤治疗,随访3个月。采用中文版医学结局研究简化36条表(medical outcome study short-form 36-items,MOS SF-36,简称SF-36)、汉化版鼻腔鼻窦结局测量20条(sino-nasal outcome test-20,SNOT-20)、Lund-Kennedy鼻内镜黏膜形态评分和Lund-Mackay鼻窦CT扫描评分进行主客观评分,从而综合评估临床治疗效果。结果经过3个月规范化治疗后,患者症状、生活质量得到明显改善,Lund-Kennedy系统评分、Lund-Mackay系统评分较前明显提高。治疗后SF-36量表中两组患者社会功能、躯体疼痛、情感角色及总体健康维度以及SNOT-20量表的20个条目总分与5大条目总分等指标具有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者Lund-Kennedy系统评分、Lund-Mackay系统评分比较具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论龙胆泻肝汤结合常规西药治疗较单纯西药治疗能够显著改善患者症状及生活质量,临床疗效肯定,运用主客观量化表能较好评估患者治疗效果。     

鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者临床症状和生活质量的影响

目的探讨鼻内镜手术方式对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者症状和生活质量（quality of life, QOL）的影响。方法通过医学结局研究简表36项健康调查(medical outcome study short-form 36-items healt 和 survey, MOS SF-36,简称 SF-36)和鼻腔鼻窦结局测量20条(sino-nasal outcome test-20, SNOT-20)对60例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术前、术后1个月和术后6个月进行随访调查与评估,并从中选取多组鼻窦炎鼻息肉的患者采取不同范围的手术来评估手术方式对改善患者症状和生活质量的影响。结果经鼻内镜手术治疗,患者术后一个月SF-36量表的生理角色、心理健康、情感角色、总体健康等部分维度以及SNOT-20量表的20个条目总分与5大条目总分等指标均开始出现明显好转(P＜0．05),术后2～6个月上述指标则无显著提高(P＞0．05)。术后6个月症状与QOL状态较术前均全面改善,而手术方式对患者症状和QOL状态影响则无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者鼻内镜手术后6个月内症状基本缓解,生活质量基本恢复常态,改良鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者症状和生活质量的改善与传统鼻内镜手术基本相同。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术后生存质量的转归及影响因素

目的 探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术后生存质量(quality of life,QOL)的转归规律及影响因素.方法 以医学结局研究短表36条(medical outcome study short-form 36-items,MOS SF-36)和鼻腔鼻窦结局测试20条(sino-nasal outcome test-20,SNOT-20)量表作为工具,通过前瞻性随机对照设计,对120例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术前和术后3、6、9和12个月QOL状况连续调查评估,同时与200例健康体检者的状况对照,分析患者QOL的变化规律及影响因素.结果 ①SF-36评估:患者术前6个维度评分均低于健康者(P值均＜0.01),术后6个月评分值及正常评分者构成比恢复正常(P值均＞0.05),并保持;②SNOT-20评估:患者术前20个条目总分和5大条目总分均高于健康者(P值均＜0.01),术后9、12个月两项指标分别恢复正常(P值均＞0.05),术后12个月评分值及正常评分者构成比亦恢复正常(P值均＞0.05);③根据SNOT-20评分转归,求得预测QOL恢复正常的时间进度公式:时间(月)=39-(标准QOL评分/术前QOL评分)×50;④通过Logistic回归分析,农村来源、病程长、病变范围大和伴发息肉是术前QOL评分(SNOT-20评分)高的危险因素(OR值分别为0.19、0.88、0.90和4.02),室内工作环境、手术范围不充分和术前SNOT-20评分高是术后QOL评分改善程度的危险因素(OR值分别为0.29、0.99和1.14).结论 慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜鼻窦手术后需12个月才能全面恢复正常QOL,依此建议术后短期随访时间定为1年.术前QOL状态与城乡来源、病程、病变范围和是否伴发鼻息肉相关,术后QOL改善程度与工作环境、手术范围和术前QOL评分相关.     

鼻用糖皮质激素对变应性鼻炎和非变应性鼻炎患者呼吸道一氧化氮浓度的影响

目的　评估鼻用皮质类固醇激素对常年性变应性鼻炎及非变应性鼻炎患者鼻呼吸道一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）浓度的影响。方法　根据鼻内镜检查和鼻窦CT扫描排除鼻息肉及鼻窦受累患者,以皮肤点刺试验了解患者的特应性状态,并行鼻分泌物嗜酸性粒细胞检查。共选择收集23例常年性变应性鼻炎患者,17例非变应性鼻炎伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多症（nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophpilia,NARES）患者,20例正常人作为对照组。采集一般病史,视觉模拟量表评分法评估患者鼻部症状的严重程度,并填写鼻-结膜炎相关生活质量问卷,采用NIOX测量鼻呼出气。以布地奈德鼻喷雾剂（64 μg/喷/鼻）喷鼻治疗,2次/天,持续治疗4周,并于2周和4周时复查,再次评估症状、生活质量及鼻腔NO水平。结果　变应性鼻炎患者鼻NO水平明显高于NARES患者[（1053±137）ppb vs（741±65）ppb,P <0.001）];对比正常对照组[（838±79）ppb）],两组患者鼻NO水平较之分别表现为升高和降低,且差异具有统计学意义（P 均<0.001）。经鼻用布地奈德鼻喷雾剂治疗2～4周后,变应性鼻炎患者表现为鼻NO浓度降低,而NARES患者表现为鼻NO升高,且同组治疗前、后差异有统计学意义（P <0.001,P <0.05）。治疗2～4周之后,变应性鼻炎及NARES患者鼻NO水平持续向对照组接近,同时,患者的鼻部症状评分及生活质量评分明显改善。结论　变应性鼻炎和非变应性鼻 炎患者分别表现为NO浓度升高和降低;经鼻用糖皮质激素喷雾治疗后,两组患者鼻腔NO浓度向正常人水平回归。鼻腔NO水平改变可以作鼻炎患者炎症控制的指标。     

内镜鼻窦手术后随访及雷诺考特喷鼻的疗效观察

目的 :探讨慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内镜鼻窦术后随访的时间和糖皮质激素鼻内用药的效果。方法 :对 30例鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者行内镜鼻窦手术 ,术后定期随访 ,行内镜下术腔护理、鼻窦冲洗和糖皮质激素雷诺考特鼻内局部应用 ,观察临床疗效。结果 :术后 3个月 ,2 5例鼻腔、鼻窦已干燥、上皮化 ;术后 6个月 ,2 8例鼻腔、鼻窦已干燥、上皮化 ,鼻塞、头痛均消失。 4例伴变应性鼻炎者 ,鼻腔有少许分泌物 ;10例嗅觉障碍者中 3例无改善。结论 :内镜鼻窦手术后的鼻内镜随访、术腔护理及糖皮质激素鼻内应用 ,在慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的治疗过程中起着同样重要的作用。     

再次鼻内镜手术患者生活质量调查

目的:探讨修正性鼻内镜手术(RESS)对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者(CRSwNP)健康相关生活质量(QOL)的影响。方法:采用国内现有的中文版SF-36量表(MOS SF-36)和汉化英文版SNOT-20量表(SNOT-20),分别对60例施行修正性鼻内镜手术组(RESS)的CRSwNP患者和120名健康体检者进行QOL的调查与评估,并将2组的结果进行对比。结果:通过SF-36量表评估显示:RESS组术前CRSwNP患者SF-36的维度计分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过汉化SNOT-20评估显示:RESS组术前CRSwNP患者SNOT-20各条目计分和条目总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RESS组CRSwNP患者术后6个月SF-36和SNOT-20量表评估得分与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:RESS可明显改善CRSw-NP患者的QOL;SF-36和汉化SNOT-20量表能有效调查评估CRSwNP患者的QOL。     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.