Induced corneal astigmatism after macular translocation surgery with scleral infolding.

OBJECTIVE: To document the corneal astigmatism that occurs with macular translocation after scleral infolding surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective case series of a nonrandomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Eight consecutive age-related macular degeneration patients (eight eyes) with choroidal neovascularization who underwent macular translocation with scleral infolding at the Duke University Eye Center from December 1998 through October 1999. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of eight consecutive patients who underwent macular translocation surgery involving scleral infolding in the superotemporal quadrant. Two patients subsequently underwent release of scleral infolding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After surgery, these eyes were evaluated for corneal astigmatism with manifest refraction, keratometry, and computerized corneal topography. RESULTS: All eight eyes of eight patients revealed marked degrees of corneal astigmatism. Measurement of astigmatism via manifest refraction, keratometry, and corneal topography confirmed postoperative astigmatism corresponding to the axis of the scleral infolding. The amount of corneal astigmatism ranged from 1.75 to 7.37 diopters (D; mean, 4.60 D), with steepening along the axis of scleral infolding in the superotemporal quadrant of each eye (mean, 42.50 degrees from vertical; range, 24 degrees -66 degrees from vertical). Release of scleral infolding in two patients resulted in significant reduction of corneal astigmatism. CONCLUSIONS: Scleral shortening procedures used in macular translocation surgery may induce large amounts of corneal astigmatism. These patients should be assessed with keratometry and corneal topography to determine the accurate amount and axis. Thereafter, contact lens fitting or scleral infolding release may be considered as therapeutic options for large amounts of astigmatism persisting after surgery.     

Successful macular translocation with temporary scleral infolding using absorbable sture

PURPOSE: To describe successful macular translocation with temporary scleral infolding in a series of patients with small subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration or ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 consecutive patients were studied in a prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Macular translocation with scleral infolding (MTSI) was performed. Absorbable polyglactin suture was used to create temporary scleral infolding. Distance and stability of retinal translocation, corneal topography, visual acuity, and rates of complications were measured. RESULTS: The median distance of translocation in the early postoperative period was 1,700 microm (range, 680-3,200) and did not regress after resolution of the scleral infolding. Induced postoperative oblique corneal astigmatism resolved, coinciding with the disappearance of peripheral retinal elevation due to scleral infolding. Three patients gained more than two lines of vision, two patients were within two lines of preoperative vision, and five patients lost more than two lines of vision. Complications were similar to previously published reports. CONCLUSION: Temporary scleral infolding is an effective technique in MTSI. The distance of translocation is comparable to that achieved with nonabsorbable suture or scleral resection, and does not regress after resolution of the scleral infolding. Induced postoperative corneal astigmatism appears to resolve.     

Two-year results of macular translocation with scleral infolding in myopic choroidal neovascularisation

Purpose. To assess the two year outcome following macular translocation (MT) with scleral infolding in the management of myopic subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Design. Prospective, clinical interventional noncomparative consecutive case series. Participants. 79 eyes of 79 patients with myopic subfoveal CNV and less than 6 months of duration of the symptoms. Intervention. MT with scleral infolding. Main Outcome Measures. Visual Acuity (VA), reading ability of 12 point Arial letter sentences at a reading distance without magnifying systems and foveal displacement. Results. Mean preoperative VA was 20/125, after two years the mean VA was 20/80. Reading ability of 12 point Arial letter sentences at a reading distance (33cm) was obtained in 59% of the eyes at one year, descending to 43% at two years. Mean foveal displacement after surgery was 942 microns. Intraoperative complications have been: retinal breaks (21.5%) and choroidal haemorrhage not affecting the posterior pole (3.7%). Main postoperative complications have been: Insufficient foveal displacement: 20%; Retinal detachment: 8.8%; Subfoveal recurrence: 28%; macular fold: 2.5% and macular hole: 1.2%. Conclusion. MT with scleral infolding offers the opportunity to recover central vision and reading ability in patients with myopic CNV but it remains unpredictable.     

Two-year results of macular translocation with scleral infolding in myopic choroidal neovascularisation

PURPOSE: To assess the two year outcome following macular translocation (MT) with scleral infolding in the management of myopic subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). DESIGN: Prospective, clinical interventional noncomparative consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: 79 eyes of 79 patients with myopic subfoveal CNV and less than 6 months of duration of the symptoms. INTERVENTION: MT with scleral infolding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual Acuity (VA), reading ability of 12 point Arial letter sentences at a reading distance without magnifying systems and foveal displacement. RESULTS: Mean preoperative VA was 20/125, after two years the mean VA was 20/80. Reading ability of 12 point Arial letter sentences at a reading distance (33 cm) was obtained in 59% of the eyes at one year, descending to 43% at two years. Mean foveal displacement after surgery was 942 microns. Intraoperative complications have been: retinal breaks (21.5%) and choroidal haemorrhage not affecting the posterior pole (3.7%). Main postoperative complications have been: Insufficient foveal displacement: 20%; Retinal detachment: 8.8%; Subfoveal recurrence: 28%; macular fold: 2.5% and macular hole: 1.2%. CONCLUSION: MT with scleral infolding offers the opportunity to recover central vision and reading ability in patients with myopic CNV but it remains unpredictable.     

Treatment of retinal detachment with macular hole

Of 21 retinal detachments with a macular hole, 18 (86%) were cured by cerclage, combined with drainage of the subretinal fluid and light (laser) coagulation of the macula. By means of this simple procedure, recommended by Meyer-Schwickerath in 1961, many surgical difficulties and possible complications, especially posterior pole hemorrhages, can be avoided and relatively good function of the central retina can be achieved. Even highly myopic eyes with moderate staphyloma can be treated successfully by this technique.Presented at the 1984 meeting of the Club Jules Gonin in Lausanne, Switzerland     

巩膜扣带术后视网膜脱离

目的：分析巩膜扣带术后视网膜脱离形成的原因和玻璃体手术治疗方法。方法：回顾46例（46只眼）孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料及其手术治疗方法。结果：巩膜扣带术后24只眼出现新孔，其中7只眼为黄斑部裂孔；18只眼PVR发展C级 以上；5只眼原裂孔未封闭；5只眼合并有脉络膜脱离；这些因素导致35只眼视网膜下液持续不吸收。38只眼玻璃体手术后视网膜复位，占82.6%；多次手术后最终手术成功45只眼，成功率为97.8%。结论：巩膜扣带术后失败原因主要为新孔的发生、PVR发展和视网膜下液不吸收；再次玻璃体手术时，掌握手术时机，对症处理，是提高手术成功的关键。     

视网膜脱离手术后的黄斑改变

目的研究较复杂的孔源性视网膜脱离患者玻璃体手术或巩膜外手术后的黄斑改变,进一步探讨视网膜脱离术后视功能的恢复。方法回顾性分析孔源性视网膜脱离患者146例152眼手术后的黄斑改变,所有患者术前视力均≥0.1,PVR分级B级,裂孔多、分布广或马蹄形裂孔边缘玻璃体牵引明显的,初次发生的伴黄斑脱离的RRD,随访至少3个月。152眼中行巩膜外手术90眼为A组,行玻璃体手术62眼为B组。结果A、B二组术后视力均显著提高(P<0.01),组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。黄斑形态学改变中,A组表面膜发生率20.0%,较B组8.0%有显著差异(P<0.05),色素紊乱、水肿、渗出、视网膜下膜发生率组间均无显著性差异(P>0.054)。视觉不适中B组视物变形、眼前闪光、眼球疼痛三个指标明显低于A组(P<0.05),小视、色视、复视三个指标稍低于A组(P>0.05)。结论玻璃体手术对黄斑部的影响较小,视觉不适明显改善,对术后视功能的恢复更有利,但易并发白内障。     

视网膜脱离术后炎性巩膜坏死

目的 探讨视网膜脱离术后炎性巩膜坏死的原因、临床表现及治疗方法。方法 报道５例视网膜脱离术后炎性巩膜坏死的发病及处理。结果 ５例孔源性视网膜脱离经巩膜外加压联合环扎术,术后１～３周发生炎性巩膜坏死,２例为金黄色葡萄球菌感染,３例为曲霉菌感染。去除外加压物,松解环扎带及清创处理后,４例炎症控制,１例经全板层角巩膜移植,病情发展致角膜坏死、眼内炎,最终行眼内容剜出。结论 视网膜脱离术后炎性巩膜坏死主要     

内外路手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离后黄斑前膜生成的比较与分析

目的 观察巩膜扣带术和玻璃体切除术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离后黄斑前膜的发生情况.方法 回顾性分析研究.筛选我院2013年8月至2014年12月入院诊断为“孔源性视网膜脱离”的患者70例(70只眼),均为有经验的同一组术者行巩膜扣带术或玻璃体切除术,根据其所接受的不同术式划分为A组(行巩膜扣带术)及B组(行玻璃体切除术),术后所有患者均在同一时间点接受相干光断层扫描(OCT)检查,并进行统计分析.结果 OCT检查两组视网膜黄斑区纤维增生膜的发生率,差异有显著性.结论 对于孔源性视网膜脱离,内路玻璃体切除术较之外路巩膜扣带术,有更高的术后黄斑前膜发生率.     

Persistent foveal retinal detachment after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery by scleral buckling

We report the case of a phakic patient with late visual recovery after successful surgery of macula-off retinal detachment, using the scleral buckling procedure. Visual acuity remained low because of the persistence of subfoveal fluid despite the reattachment of peripheral retina. The amount of subfoveal fluid decreased slowly and final visual acuity finally recovered. We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantify the remaining subfoveal fluid. Persistence of submacular fluid can explain late visual recovery after surgical treatment of retinal detachment.     

Treatment of macular hole retinal detachment.

Seven patients with macular hole retinal detachment were treated by intravitreal gas injection with or without release of subretinal fluid. Macular buckling, diathermy, cryopexy, or vitrectomy were not used. The patients were placed prone for eight hours a day until the gas had absorbed. In five of the seven patients the retina became reattached within three days and remained reattached with follow-up periods of three to 22 months (average nine months). It is believed that such detachments are due to vitreoretinal traction and the intravitreal gas bubble relieves this traction. This technique is simple, safe, and does not require costly or sophisticated instruments. It has an added advantage in preserving macular function.     

Modified technique to create retinal detachment during macular translocation surgery

PURPOSE: To report a modified technique for creating total retinal detachment during macular translocation surgery with a 360-degree retinotomy. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: After vitrectomy, BSS Plus (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) was injected into the subretinal space with a 39-gauge needle to create a small retinal detachment. The tip of a 20-gauge silicone-tipped needle was then placed in the hole created by the needle, and BSS Plus was injected subretinally at a high flow rate. RESULTS: In 10 eyes (10 patients), we created one iatrogenic retinal hole in seven eyes and two holes in three eyes. The time needed to create total retinal detachment was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Our technique seems to make creation of a total retinal detachment easier compared with the previous standard procedure and may reduce postoperative complications following macular translocation surgery with a 360-degree retinotomy.     

Limited macular translocation with scleral retraction suture

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Macular translocation with scleral imbrication is a new technique for treating subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV). This procedure shortens the sclera but may result in a minimal decrease in the internal circumference of the globe and limits the amount of foveal displacement. The authors propose a new scleral retraction suture aimed at decreasing the internal circumference of the globe in an effort to increase foveal displacement. METHODS: Using a cadaver model, they compared the amount of scleral shortening using a standard scleral imbrication technique and a modified three suture scleral retraction technique. Sections of the globes were digitised and specialised software was used to estimate the amount of scleral shortening. Three patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation underwent limited macular translocation using pars plana vitrectomy and macular detachment with the modified scleral suture technique. The main outcome measures were visual acuity, foveal displacement, and complications. RESULTS: In the cadaver model, the scleral retraction suture resulted in a flatter internal scleral fold compared to the standard suture technique and created approximately 890 microm of effective scleral shortening. In the patients who underwent macular translocation and laser photocoagulation of the CNV, visual acuity improved in two patients and worsened in one patient. The range of foveal displacement was 1400-2400 microm. CONCLUSION: The foveal displacements achieved in this limited study compared to median displacement previously published using standard suture techniques demonstrates that the scleral retraction suture technique may be a useful adjunct to limited macular translocation. The advantage of this type of suture in conjunction with translocation may depend on the effective scleral shortening offered by this retraction suture.     

Electroretinogram changes after scleral buckling surgery of retinal detachment

Objective To observe changes in visual function after a single scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) by using ERG (electroretinogram). Methods One eye from 56 patients with rhegmatogenous RD was chosen. Forty-three corresponding normal fellow eyes from these patients were chosen as controls. Single scleral buckling surgery was carried out and a full-field ERG was performed before the surgery, and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Results The mean amplitude of ERG decreased and the latency (except for the a-wave) was delayed in the eye with a retinal detachment, and wavelets of the oscillatory potential decreased or were completely lacking. One month after surgery, the amplitudes of the a and b waves were noticeably improved (except for the 30 Hz flicker responses), but the latency (except for the a-wave) was still delayed. The ratio of b/a (mixed response) increased 1 month after surgery, with no further changes thereafter. The amplitude of the scotopic b wave was 58.1% of the control eyes, while the 30 Hz flicker responses was only 45.8% of controls; the difference between the two responses was significant (P < 0.001). The number of oscillatory potential wavelets increased, but the total amplitude of the oscillatory potentials did not exhibit any obvious changes during the follow-up period (P = 0.20). In the 41 patients whose detachment involved the macula preoperatively, the amplitude of the 30 Hz flicker responses improved significantly after surgery (P = 0.037). Six months after the operation, the wave amplitudes were not significantly different from 1 month after surgery, but there was a tendency toward a decrease in the latency. Conclusions After reattachment of the retina, visual function showed dramatic improvement 1 month after the surgery. The postreceptoral responses recovered more than the a-wave. The rod system recovered more quickly and completely than the cone system during the follow-up period. The incomplete recovery observed by using ERGs indicates that there is irreversible damage that likely occurs following retinal detachment and surgery.     

Scleral infolding combined with vitrectomy and gas tamponade for retinal detachment with macular holes in highly myopic eyes

PURPOSE: To describe the effectiveness of a surgical procedure, scleral infolding combined with vitrectomy and gas tamponade, for retinal detachment caused by macular holes in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: In a pilot study, scleral infolding was performed in 5 patients with macular holes, who were selected from 10 consecutive highly myopic patients with retinal detachment caused by macular holes (8 patients) or extramacular posterior-pole holes (2 patients), treated during 1 year at Okayama University Hospital. The patients were all women, 48-77 years of age (mean = 63.4 years), who had been followed-up for 1-2 years. Selection criteria for scleral infolding were either second surgeries for reopening of macular holes (2 patients) or residual retinal detachment around macular holes after complete fluid-air exchange with drainage of subretinal fluid at the initial surgery (3 patients). Following vitrectomy and complete epiretinal membrane removal in the posterior pole, the sclera was shortened by infolding on the temporal side. Three mattress sutures with 5-0 Dacron in each quadrant, 6 sutures in total, were placed at a 7-mm anteroposterior interval with posterior sutures located as deep as possible, near vortex veins. Fluid-gas exchange was then done, with or without endophotocoagulation applied around macular holes. RESULTS: After scleral infolding, macular holes were closed, and the retina was totally attached in all 5 patients. The final visual acuity ranged from 20/2000 to 20/70. CONCLUSION: Scleral infolding is a simple and effective procedure for treating retinal detachment with macular holes in highly myopic eyes and could be used as an optional procedure of reoperation for a failed initial vitrectomy.     

Age-related macular degeneration after retinal detachment surgery

We studied a group of 157 patients who had retinal detachment surgery in one eye with successful anatomical reattachment and a fellow eye without a retinal detachment. In a group of 7 out of 8 patients who had a retinal detachment that included the macula and who underwent surgery, we found that the development of macular degenerative changes was much less pronounced in the operated eye than in the fellow, control eye. In a group of 3 patients who had retinal detachment without macular involvement, the appearance of macular degenerative changes appeared to be rather symmetric in the operated and in the fellow eye. The presence of a circling buckle did not appear to have an influence on the ARMD changes. It appears that the presence of a macular detachment is a factor in modifying the natural history of age-related macular degeneration. The diminution of signs of ARMD could be related to a degree of atrophy in the retinal pigment epithelium occurring after a retinal detachment with the macula off.     

玻璃体切割加巩膜扣带术治疗视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切割术中、术后巩膜扣带术的应用范围。方法：在玻璃体切割术中发现视网膜裂孔不能与脉络膜紧贴的患，或术后视网膜裂孔封闭不理想并伴有局限性视网膜脱离，按常规行巩膜扣带术。结果：87眼中，玻璃体切割术中行巩膜扣带术36眼，术后行扣带术42眼，玻璃体切割术中及术后各行1次扣带术6眼，术后行2次扣带术3眼，其中视网膜复位79眼，失败的8眼中，有6例行第2次玻璃体切割术，视网膜复位5眼。结论：巩膜扣带术适合于视网膜增厚及视网膜前后膜增殖不严重、裂孔小、视网膜脱离范围不大的患。