Etest法对致病真菌的药物敏感性检测

目的 :探讨抗真菌药敏试条 (Etest)法检测致病真菌对酮康唑 (KE)、伊曲康唑 (IT)、5 -氟孢嘧啶 (5 -FC)、二性霉素 B(AP)、氟康唑 (FL) 5种抗真菌药的敏感性。方法 :用 Etest法检测取自耳鼻咽喉科真菌病患者的黄曲霉、烟曲霉及白念珠菌等 15种致病真菌对 5种药物的敏感性 ,判定其最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)值。结果 :白念珠菌对 5种药物均敏感 ,且对 KE及 IT最敏感 ;黄曲霉、烟曲霉、米曲霉等 7种真菌对 KE及 IT均敏感 ,15种真菌对此两药的 MIC值分别为≤ 0 .0 0 8～ 2 mg/ L 和≤ 0 .0 0 6～ 8m g/ L;15种真菌中 ,11种对 FL、8种对 AP及 5 - FC、4种对 KE、1种对 IT有耐药性 ,MIC均 >32 mg/ L。结论 :Etest法对致病真菌的药敏检测具有与微量稀释法良好的一致性 ;其操作简便 ,测值较精确 ,重复性好 ,因此 ,在一定范围内 ,有较好的临床应用价值。     

鼻腔鼻窦真菌病的真菌学和临床诊疗研究（附51例报告）

目的：研究鼻腔、鼻窦真菌病的菌种鉴定、药敏检测和临床诊疗。方法：对５１例鼻腔鼻窦真菌病作如下研究：（１）进行菌种鉴定；（２）用Ｅｔｅｓｔ法以含酮康唑（ＫＥ），伊曲康唑（ＴＴ），氟康唑（ＦＣ），氟胞嘧啶（ＦＬ）及二性毒素Ｂ（ＡＰ）的药敏试条进行药敏检测；（３）病人以手术及抗霉菌药治疗。结果：（１）致病菌主要为曲老菌，占８７．５％，共次为枯青霉菌对ＡＰ、ＦＣ、ＫＥ、ＩＴ敏感，对ＦＬ有耐药性，卡氏支孢老     

制霉素片治疗外耳道真菌病

外耳道真菌病是耳鼻咽候科常见病,致病的真菌种类甚多,以曲霉菌、青霉菌及念珠菌等引起者较常见.当外耳道进水或积存分泌物,长期用抗生素液滴耳等情况下,都易受真菌感染[1].     

耳鼻咽喉真菌病的病原菌分离与鉴定研究

目的：研究耳鼻咽喉真菌病的病原菌分离与鉴定。方法：取耳鼻咽喉真菌病病灶的分泌物、假膜、皮屑,病变组织涂片镜检,真菌阳性者同时估真菌培养以鉴定菌种。结果：２１９例涂片阳性及组织病理学诊断为真菌病中,１９９例分离出病原菌,阳性率９０．９％。耳鼻咽喉真菌病的主要原菌为曲霉菌,其次为念珠菌属,再次为青霉菌、尖端单孢子菌、孢子丝菌、卡氏枝孢霉、互隔交链孢霉;外耳道口及耳廓主要为皮肤癣菌。结论：病原菌的分离与     

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦真菌病

鼻腔、鼻窦真菌病以往发病率较低,近年由于诊疗技术的不断提高,其病例报告逐渐增多。各种类型的鼻窦真菌病均缺乏特征性的临床表现,早期诊断和治疗仍存在一定的困难。对1996年2月-2002年12月收治的27例鼻窦真菌病进行分析,以探讨该类疾病的临床特征、诊断和治疗。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术与传统鼻窦手术对中鼻甲及嗅觉的影响

目的 :观察内窥镜鼻腔、鼻窦手术与传统鼻腔、鼻窦手术在慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉 ( 型 2期 , 型 2期 )中的手术疗效对中鼻甲形态及嗅觉的影响。方法 :对 1997年 9月～ 1999年 9月间参加该项研究并随访半年以上的二组病例 85例 (16 3侧 ) ,经冠状位鼻窦 CT扫描 ,术前、术后鼻内窥镜检查及嗅觉测试。二组分别施行内窥镜鼻腔、鼻窦手术及传统鼻腔、鼻窦手术 ,对中鼻甲病变采取完整保留和部分切除二类方式。结果 :经内窥镜鼻腔、鼻窦手术 ,随访半年以上的 5 2例(10 1侧 )患者鼻窦炎治愈、好转、无效率分别是 6 4.4%、2 9.7%、5 .9% ;相应中鼻甲恢复正常率分别是 6 3.1%、30 .0 %、0 .0 % ;嗅觉恢复正常率分别是 6 6 .2 %、36 .7%、0 .0 %。33例 (6 2侧 )经传统鼻腔、鼻窦手术患者鼻窦炎治愈、好转、无效率分别是 30 .6 %、48.4%、2 1.0 % ;相应中鼻甲恢复正常率分别是 47.4%、3.3%、0 .0 % ;嗅觉恢复正常率分别是 6 3.2 %、2 3.3%、0 .0 %。结论 :内窥镜鼻窦手术较传统鼻窦手术更有效地解决窦口鼻道复合体病变 ,从而提高 型、 型鼻窦炎治愈率。本研究表明中鼻甲形态的转归 ,嗅觉恢复与鼻窦炎治愈率有明显的相关性     

100例真菌性鼻窦炎的病原菌分析

目的 :探讨引起真菌性鼻窦炎的致病真菌及与临床的关系 ,为临床医师提供诊断依据 ,指导治疗。方法 :对 10 0例真菌性鼻窦炎患者 ,通过行鼻内窥镜手术所取的窦腔内容物送病理诊断的同时 ,行标本直接涂片镜检 ,接种培养 ,菌种鉴定。结果 :直接镜检霉菌阳性 98例 ;接种培养霉菌阳性 37株 ,其中曲霉菌属 31株 ,包括烟曲霉 14株 ,黄曲霉 10株 ,构巢曲霉 3株 ,灰绿曲霉 1株 ,并发现 3株曲霉新种被分别命名为北京曲霉 ,齐祖同曲霉 ,王端礼曲霉。其它种霉菌有少根根霉 1株 ,尖端足分支菌 3株 ,波氏假性霉样真菌 1株 ,链格孢子菌 1株。结论 :真菌性鼻窦炎的致病真菌以曲霉菌属为主 ,其预后与致病菌种和感染类型有一定关系     

电动切割器于过敏性真菌性鼻窦炎手术治疗的作用

过敏性真菌性鼻窦炎 (allergic fungal sinusitis,AFS)首由英国的 Millar等 (1981)及 L amb等 (1982 )与美国的 Katzenetein等 (1983)描述 ,因其培养为曲霉菌属 (aspergillus) ,当时又称为曲霉菌性鼻窦炎 (as-pergillus fungal sinusitis) ,继而还发现有弯孢霉菌(curvularia) ,双极霉菌 (bipolaria)及 exserhilum感染。估计占慢性鼻窦炎的 6 %～ 8% ,以温带多见。病人有特异质反应。慢性鼻窦炎及鼻息肉经普通药物治疗无效 ,提示为 AFS;因复发性鼻息肉病通常需多次鼻窦手术。X线平片及 CT显示鼻窦混浊及不均匀表现 ,骨壁膨胀及侵蚀 ,亦…     

239例外耳道真菌病的真菌菌种分布及药敏检测结果分析

目的 研究外耳道真菌病的真菌菌种分布及检测致病菌对抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法 本实验收集2020年4月—2021年11月,在荆州市中心医院耳鼻咽喉科门诊进行治疗的239例临床诊断为外耳道真菌病患者,对外耳道分离物,通过真菌形态学检查、沙式葡萄糖固体培养基(SDA)行真菌培养、DNA提取、ITS区PCR扩增及测序等行真菌菌种确定。行最低抑菌浓度(MIC)试验确定联苯苄唑(PCB)、特比萘芬(TRB)、克霉唑(CLO)和伊曲康唑(ITR)4种常见抗真菌药物的MIC。结果 本地区大部分外耳道真菌病致病菌为曲霉菌,其中最常见的为土曲霉,其次为黑曲霉、黄曲霉,少部分为念珠菌。大多数引起外耳道真菌病的致病菌对PCB和CLO耐药(MIC＞16 μg/mL),绝大多数致病菌对TRB和ITR敏感。因此在治疗外耳道真菌病时应首选ITR和TRB类药物。结论 外耳道真菌病最常见的真菌致病菌属是曲霉菌和念珠菌。ITR和TRB是治疗外耳道真菌病的首选药物。     

十三种耳霉菌制剂体外效力和文献复习

作者从耳霉菌(OM)患者分离出15个菌种,用前人推荐的药剂在体外测定抑菌范围,并判定其有效性研究。培养出常见菌种有黑曲霉菌(AS)、白色念珠菌(CA)、副克鲁氏念珠菌(CAP)和青霉菌(PE);少见菌有11种。同存细菌有金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)和表皮     

HPV and head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is frequent worldwide and oropharyngeal locations are presently sharply on the increase, in relation with an increasing incidence of oropharyngeal infection by oncogenic type-16 human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical and biologic profile of these patients is distinct from that of other oropharyngeal carcinoma patients, with earlier onset, cystic cervical nodes and basaloid carcinoma histopathology. Detection of intratumoral viral DNA is essential to confirm the role of HPV, and E6/E7 mRNA expression is the most relevant indicator for stratification. Several methods can reveal intratumoral oncogenic HPV DNA, but PCR with hybridization is the most sensitive and most widely used. According to several reports, prognosis in terms of survival and locoregional control is better in HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma than in oropharyngeal carcinoma associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. The future lies in vaccination, but further studies will determine whether the rate of oropharyngeal carcinoma falls in women vaccinated against cervical cancer.     

Papillomavirus and head and neck cancer

Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for head and neck cancers. Papillomavirus (HPV) infection was recently associated with the development of malignant tumors of the oropharynx, according to molecular and biological arguments. We describe the oncogenic mechanisms of HPV infections, the epidemiological and clinical aspects of associated head and neck cancers, their prognosis, and issues of specific therapeutic strategies.     

紫杉醇与头颈部肿瘤

为了解紫杉醇治疗鼻咽癌、喉癌及其他头颈部肿瘤的疗效及作用机理，本文分析了近年来的文献27篇。紫杉醇通过稳定微管、阻断细胞的有丝分裂和增殖，从而显著地抑制肿瘤细胞的生长并促进细胞调亡，在头颈部肿瘤同期放化疗中能起到放疗增敏作用，单独或联合其他抗癌药物治疗亦有较佳的疗效。紫杉酵是一种具有良好抗癌活性的药物，随着研究的深入，将会在头颈部肿瘤的治疗中发挥更大的作用。     

Aging and olfactory and taste function

This article focuses on the change in olfaction and taste with aging. It discusses histopathology with an emphasis on age-related changes, causes of chemosensory dysfunction in the elderly, how to evaluate a patient with dysfunction, useful tests and imaging, clinical consequences of chemosensory impairments, and available treatment options.     

Nutrition and taste and smell dysfunction

Food selection plays a pivotal role in maintaining adequate nutrient intake, thus elucidating drivers of food choice is a meaningful strategy to maintain health and manage disease. Taste and smell are key determinants of food choice and warrant careful consideration. In this review, we first discuss how sensory stimulation influences food selection and metabolism. We then review the evidence regarding the relationship between taste and smell dysfunction and food preferences and selection, with attention given to contexts of certain chronic diseases. We conclude with brief recommendations for the management of chemosensory disorders. While sensory abilities influence food selection, the effect of taste and smell dysfunction on long-term consumption patterns and health status must be considered in light of environment, exposure, and culture.     

Pepsin and Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Carcinomas

Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas are common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and the incidence of both is increasing. Laryngopharyngeal reflux refers to the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx, and/or nasopharynx. It remains controversial whether laryngopharyngeal reflux is a risk factor for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The refluxing substances mainly include hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and occasionally bile acids and bile salts, as well as bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of epithelium in the mucous membrane of the larynx and hypopharynx is thought to be caused by pepsin. Here, we review the relationships between laryngopharyngeal reflux and both laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, as well as the significance of pepsin, methods of clinical detection, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis.