Intestinal parasitic diseases in HIV-infected patients in Uzbekistan

Intestinal parasitic diseases were diagnosed in 100 HIV-infected patients at different stages of disease (its asymptomatic form, persistent generalized lymphoadenopathy, pre-AIDS, and AIDS) (Group 1), 100 Tashkent residents (Group 2), and 349 patients with gastrointestinal diseases, allergic dermatoses, and skin depigmentation foci (Group 3). The HIV-infected patients were found to have virtually all parasites, such as Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Chilomastix mesnili, Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Endolimax nana, Blastocystis hominis, Enlerobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, detectable in the population of Tashkent. The highest infestation with intestinal protozoa, including nonpathogenic amoebas and helmninths, was found in Groups 1 and 3. However, in all the forms of HIV infection, the infestation with E. histolytical/dispar was 10 times greater than that in Groups 2 and 3 (1% and 0.8%, respectively). G. lamblia was detected in 16, 21, and 45.2% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In all the HIV-infected patients, the content of CD8 lymphocytes was increased, but that of CD20 lymphocytes was normal. Parasites were detectable with different levels of CD4 lymphocytes, but C. parvum was found only if its count was > 200/ml. In the HIV-infected patients, the hyperproduction of IgE was caused mainly by helminths rather than protozoa. In these patients, the increased level of IgE was also noted in the absence of parasites.     

全国重点寄生虫病防治形势与主要任务

在"十一·五"期间,我国相继出台了多项寄生虫病防治中长期规划,提出了2015年我国血吸虫病、疟疾、棘球蚴病(包虫病),以及其他寄生虫病的防治工作目标。为进一步明确我国"十二·五"期间(2011-2015年)重点寄生虫病防治工作的目标,理清当前寄生虫病防治工作的主要任务,对重点寄生虫病防治规划及其实施进展进行了分析,以迎接当前寄生虫病防治工作面临的挑战。     

山东省土源性线虫病防控策略和实践

目的 探索符合山东省省情可持续发展的土源性线虫病防控策略,通过实施以减轻该病的流行和危害程度。方法山东省卫生厅主导全省土源性线虫病防控管理工作,山东省寄生虫病防治研究所负责全省防治规划的实施和技术指导,各市、县疾病预防控制中心在本辖区开展土源性线虫病防控工作。以《全国重点寄生虫病防治规划》为指南,结合山东省实际情况制定防控策略,采取常规防治与重点地区防治相结合的方法,因地制宜开展土源性线虫病防控工作。结果2003年,山东省土源性线虫平均感染率为18.26％。2007-2009年,全省共计9个市74个县3 115 194人服药驱虫。县级开展健康教育覆盖人口39 866 923人次,市级开展健康教育覆盖人口34 730 663人次,省级开展健康教育覆盖人口32 000人次。2009 年无害化卫生厕所普及率为58.05％。2009 年7 个重点县（市）共计检查6 581 人,土源性线虫总感染率为7.61％。3年开展省级专业人员培训30次,培训人员2 130人次,各市举办培训班52次,培训人员3 110人次;各县举办培训班403次,培训人员12 789人次。2009年全省土源性线虫感染率下降至7.10％,较2003年下降了61.12%,达到了《防治规划》下降40％的目标要求。结论 山东省3年土源性线虫病防控实践证明,政府重视、资金保障、专项健康教育与爱国卫生运动相结合、常规防控与专项防控相结合、各市卫生行政部门会同防控机构各司其职开展工作等多措并举,是有效的土源性线虫病防控策略。     

Forgotten parasitic diseases

The ecological flexibility of parasitic systems is observed in parasites, such as pentastomas of Linguatula serrata and Armillifer sp., cestodes of Spirometra erinacei europaei, and dirofilariae of D. repens, D. immitis, D. ursi in relation to ecological shifts in the areas and anthropological pressure.     

False parasitic diseases

The paper deals with the topical problem of false parasitic diseases (FPD) in patients with various organic (somatic and mental) disorders. A classification of groups of FPD patients is given according to their clinical and social signs. Examples of 6 cases of FPD observed by the authors and those published in the literature are presented. Simple and effective recommendations on the management of FPD patients are given.     

云南大理地区小型哺乳动物旋毛虫感染血清流行病学调查

旋毛虫病是一种食源性人兽共患寄生虫病,人类感染的主要方式为食入含有活旋毛虫囊包的未熟肉食。旋毛虫病自然感染宿主在自然界分布非常广泛,使旋毛虫得以在自然界野生动物中长期保存,其中啮齿动物是其重要的保虫宿主,成为人类感染该病的重要来源。自然疫源性旋毛虫病是云南省较为常见而又危害严重的地方病,其流行面广,具有显著的地区性、群体性、食源性和季节性的特点。为探明小型哺乳动物(简称小兽)在旋毛虫病传播和流行中的作用,作者等选择旋毛虫病重疫区大理市和洱海源头的洱源县,进行了小兽旋毛虫感染的血清流行病学调查,现将结果报告…     

寄生虫病化学治疗的研究进展

寄生虫病仍是我国农村重要的公共卫生问题。抗寄生虫药物不仅用于临床治疗，而且用于大规模病人集体化疗，对防治工作发挥重要作用。老的抗寄生虫药物不断被新的安全有效药物所替代。本文就近年来国内主要寄生虫病化学治疗的现状与新进展作简单综述。