辽宁省鞍山地区人群寄生虫感染情况的调查

于1989年4—5月对鞍山地区4个调查点2015人进行调查,寄生虫总感染率为57.4％。其中肠道原虫2种,蠕虫3种,其感染率分别为溶组织内阿米巴0.2％、结肠内阿米巴4.2％、蛔虫63.2％、鞭虫1.8％,检查14岁以下儿童467人的蛲虫,男、女孩的蛲虫感染率分别为57.0％(583/     

辽宁省辽阳市儿童寄生虫感染情况的调查

调查我地区4个抽样点588名14岁以下儿童寄生虫感染情况,结果表明其感染率为53.7％,查见蠕虫4种,原虫2种.蛔虫感染率最高为44.6％,蛲虫次之为18.3％,鞭虫、带练虫、溶组织内阿米巴和结肠内阿米巴     

青海土族、撒拉族人群寄生虫感染情况的调查

本文报道我国少数民族之一的土族、撒拉族各一个点的人体寄生虫感染情况。检查土族552人,其中寄生虫感染者326例,其感染率为59.1％。查见寄生虫11种:蠕虫5种,原虫6种。蛔虫、鞭虫、毛圆线虫、结肠内阿米巴、微小内蜒阿米巴、布氏嗜碘阿米巴、哈氏内阿米巴、贾第虫、人酵母菌和猪带绦虫的感染率依次为51.3％、0.5％、0.7％、11.4％、2％、0.4％0.2％、2％、2.4％和0.2％。12岁以下儿童烧虫感染率为11.3％。检查撒拉族509人,其中寄生虫感者374例,其感染率为73.5％。查见寄生虫11种:蠕虫3种,原虫8种。蛔虫、牛带绦虫结肠内阿米巴、微小内蜒阿米巴、布氏嗜碘阿米巴、哈氏内阿米巴、贾第虫、结肠小袋纤毛虫、人毛滴虫和人酵母菌的感染率依次为43.6％、0.8％、21％、13.8％、4.5％、3.5％、15.9％、0.2％、2％和19.4％。12岁以下儿童的烧虫感染率为6.6％。     

吉林省公主岭市人群寄生虫感染情况的调查

按全国人体寄生虫分布调查实施细则的要求和方法,调查4个点2000人,查见寄生虫感染者竹2例,总感染率为38.6％。 共查见寄生虫18种,其中查见原虫3种:溶组织内阿米巴、结肠内阿米巴、微小内蜒阿米巴、其感染率分别为:1.6％、     

浙江渔业区峙岙村肠原虫感染情况调查

1989年10月,用粪检法对黄龙乡峙岙村居民259人及小学生249人(共508人)进行肠原虫感染调查。结果肠原虫阳性率为54.33％(276/508),居民和学生的感染率分别为47.88％(124/259)和61.04％(152/249),学生的感染率明显高于居民(P<0.01)。其中蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的感染率,学生为23.29％,居民为10.42％。查见的原虫有5种阿米巴,3种鞭毛虫。以溶组织内阿米巴感染率(20.27％)最高,其它有结肠内阿米巴8.11％,蓝氏     

宁阳县农村居民肠道寄生虫感染调查

为摸清我县人体肠道寄生虫感染情况,于1989年4、5月间,按全国人体寄生虫分布调查的方法,调查3个乡(镇)5个村1周岁以上的居民2620人。查见肠道蠕虫和原虫各5种,感染率分别为:蛔虫19.86％,钩虫11.11％,蛲虫38.87％,鞭虫0.34％,肝吸虫0.34％,溶组织内阿米巴1.03％,结肠内阿米巴5.5％,哈门氏内阿米巴7.71％,布氏嗜碘阿米巴2.82％,蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫10.95％。肝吸虫和结肠内阿米巴以女性感染率为高,余     

内蒙古自治区人群的肠道原虫感染情况

本文报告内蒙古自治区３０７１３人的肠道原虫调查结果。查见原虫感染者１３０１例，感染率为４．２％。共查见原虫６种，其感染率分别为溶组织内阿米巴１．８％、结肠内阿米巴１．７％、布氏嗜碘阿米巴０．２％、贾第虫０．２％、微小内蜒阿米巴０．２％、哈氏内阿米巴０．０４％。人群原虫感染率在１５％以上者有黄旗和乌海市海南区两地区，在１０％以上的有白旗、商者县和准格尔旗３个地区。敖汉旗的为６．１％，其他的均在３％以下。属本区首次报道的有布氏嗜碘阿米巴。这为全区肠道原虫防治工作提供了可靠依据。     

新疆南部农村改水预防肠道寄生原虫感染的评价

为评价新疆农村防病改水预防肠道原虫感染的效果,在新疆南部地区26个县(市)内,各抽取15岁以下人群1000～2000人作为调查对象,用卢戈氏液直接涂片法调查肠道原虫感染情况,用感染下降率评价防病效果。结果显示,南疆改水后共调查56 080人,蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、溶组织内阿米巴、结肠内阿米巴和人芽囊原虫总感染率分别为5.14％,1.34％,4.90％和2.33％,其感染下降率分别为59.01％,68.76％,80.22％和66.33％;说明新疆南部防病改水工程预防常见肠道寄生原虫的感染取得了显著的效果。     

浙江省人群的肠道原虫感染情况

本文报告了浙江省２８个县、１０６个点５５２９１人的肠道原虫调查结果。共查见肠道原虫１１种，分别为：溶组织内阿米巴，哈氏内阿米巴，结肠内阿米巴，微小内蜒阿米巴，布氏嗜碘阿米巴，贾第虫，人芽囊原虫，肠内滴虫，迈氏唇鞭毛虫，结肠小袋纤毛虫，等孢球虫，其感染率分别为：１．５％，４．１％，２．９％，５．９％，０．５％，３．８％，０．８％，０．０７％，０．００７％，０．００７％和０．００４％。本文着重对溶组织内阿米巴、贾第虫、人芽囊原虫的人群分布、职业分布和地区分布作了描述。贾第虫感染主要集中在１５岁以下儿童，其感染率达６．８％。经济水平高的地区感染率显著低于经济收入低的地区。     

青海省人群的肠道原虫感染状况

１９８８－１９９０年期间，我们采用卢戈氏碘液涂片法粪检原虫，共检查１６０７９人，查见原虫感染者２９６３例，其感染率为１８．４％。查见原虫９种，其感染率分别为：溶组织内阿米巴０．５％，结肠内阿米巴７．２％，布氏嗜碘阿米巴０．７％，微小内蜒阿米巴３．８％，哈氏内阿米巴０．３％，贾第虫４．６％，人芽囊原虫２．６％，人毛滴虫１．１％，结肠小袋纤毛虫０．０１％。各片区感染率分别为：城市为１０．０％，东海农业１８．９％，环湖牧区２２．６％，青南牧区２２．７％，４个片区感染率间差别有极显著意义。男、女感染率分别为１８．４％和１８．５％，两者间差别无显著意义。各民族人群的感染率分别为：汉族１３．３％，土族１４．４％，藏族２２．１％，回族２３．７％，蒙古族２７．７％，撒拉族５３．０％，各民族人群感染率间有极显著性差异。本次调查较全面地了解了本省人体肠道原虫的感染水平和分布特点。     

上海市浦东新区人群寄生虫感染的现状

人体肠道寄生虫在上海市浦东新区是一个重要的公共卫生问题。5个调查点一次粪检共查2714人,总感染率为56.2％,共检出7种寄生虫。蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫在所有的调查点均有流行;钩虫和结肠内阿米巴在大部分地区为轻度流行。 鞭虫的感染率为14.2-69.4％,4/5的调查点属中、重度流行区;蛔虫的感染率为7.3-60.8％,前者的感染率显著高于后者,其原因有待进一步研究。根据虫卵计数,大部分蛔虫、鞭虫感染属轻度。乡村居民肠道寄生虫感染远高于城镇,性别间无显著差异。按年龄分析表明蛔虫和鞭虫感染率均以10—14岁年龄组为最高,60岁以上年龄组呈下降趋势。     

Epidemiology and control of intestinal parasites with nitazoxanide in children in Mexico

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerance of nitazoxanide in children as a single broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent in the treatment of mixed parasite infections with both intestinal protozoa and helminths. Two hundred seventy-two children (age range = 2-14 years) participated in this study. We systematically surveyed every household head using questionnaires designed to obtain information about household socioeconomic status and hygiene. Parasitic infections were confirmed by three stool examinations using direct smear, Ferreira concentration, and cold acid-fast Kinyoun staining methods. One hundred twenty-one (44%) children tested positive for protozoa such as Giardia lamblia (18%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (10%), Blastocystis hominis (7%), Cryptosporidium parvum (4%), and Cyclospora cayetanensis (3%), and helminths such as Hymenolepis nana (10%), Trichuris trichiura (6%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (6%). There were also two cases of infection with Enterobius vermicularis. After a complete physical examination was performed, 121 patients received treatment with nitazoxanide. Overall, 84% of the protozoa and 95% of the helminths were completely eliminated from the patients. Nitazoxanide was very well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects reported.     

山西省晋中地区人群寄生虫感染情况的调查

本文报道山西省晋中地区人群寄生虫分布调查结果。从榆次、平遥、左权和昔阳4个县(市),11个点,调查5750人,其中寄生虫感染者2778例,感染率为48.3％。经标准化人口处理后的感染率为47.2％。男、女感染率分别为48.5％(1375/2835)和48.1％(1403/2915)。15岁以下和16岁以上年龄组的感染率分别为59.4％(1155/1946)和42.7％(1623/3804)。本次共查出原虫10种,蠕虫6种,未查见吸虫。蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、钩虫、猪肉绦虫、微小膜壳绦虫、结肠内阿米巴、哈氏内阿米巴、微小内蜒阿米巴、溶组织内阿米巴、布氏嗜碘阿米巴、贾第虫、人毛滴虫、人酵母菌、迈氏唇鞭毛虫和等孢子球虫的感染率依次为25％、2.2％、5.6％、0.02％、0.02％、0.05％、4.5％、4.6％、6.4％、0.3％、1.1％、3.8％、5.8％、1.6％、0.04％和0.02％。     

2008年陕西省饮水型地方性氟中毒调查分析

目的 掌握2008年陕西省饮水型地方性氟中毒流行现状,为防治工作提供依据.方法 根据陕西省饮水型地方性氟中毒历史资料,将榆林、渭南、咸阳市15个病区县(区)按照饮水含氟量或病情分为轻、中、重病区,在上述病区分别抽取12、39、45个调查村.对每个调查村全部8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,对16岁及以上人群进行I临床氟骨症检查.在轻、中、重病区中分别抽取30%的调查村,每个村抽取男女各10人进行X线氟骨症检查;在未改水调查村,按东、西、南、北、中采5份水样,水源不足5个的全部采集,对已改水调查村,采3份末梢水样及1份水源水样,水氟测定采用氟离子电极法.在各病区中抽取50%的调查村,每个村采集8～12岁儿童尿样30份,每个年龄组6份,总数不足30人或各年龄组不足6人时全部采集其尿样,采用氟离子电极法测定尿氟.结果 共调查8～12岁儿童3652人,检出氟斑牙患者1930例,检出率为52.85%,氟斑牙指数为1.22.其中定边、靖边、蒲城县的检出率较高,分别为90.43%(170/188)、82.89%(126/152)、80.65%(325/403).共调查16岁及以上成人加543人,检出临床氟骨症患者5935例,总检出率为14.64%.轻、中、重度检出率分别为9.17%(3717/40 543)、4.36%(1769/40 543)、1.11%(449/40 543).X线拍片706例,检出阳性人数280例,总阳性率为39.66%.轻、中、重度阳性率分别为17.28%(122/706)、17.00%(120//06)和5.38%(38/706).采集饮用水水样427份,水氟为(2.22 ±1.41)mg/L,超标率为85.01%(363/427).采集儿童尿样1393份,尿氟中位数为2.37 mr/L.结论 陕西省饮水型氟中毒流行仍然较为严重,改水防治措施应进一步加强和完善.、     

江西省人群蛔虫感染的现状

１９８８—１９８９年对我省６个片区，２３个县、市中的１００个调查点５２０４２人进行了粪检，蛔虫总感染率为７１．２％。男、女感染率分别为６９％（１８０７０／２６１８８）和７３．４％（１８９７７／２５８５４）。经χ２检验，两者间差别具有显著意义（χ２＝１２２．７７３３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。５岁以下年龄组感染率为６２．６％，虫卵计数，ＥＰＧ随年龄增长有明显下降趋势。８０％的抽查县的人群蛔虫感染率＞６０％，属重流行区。但根据虫卵计数，６８．９％的蛔虫感染者属轻度。     

Urogenital schistosomiasis in women of reproductive age in Tanzania's Lake Victoria region

We conducted a community-based study of 457 women aged 18-50 years living in eight rural villages in northwest Tanzania. The prevalence of female urogenital schistosomiasis (FUS) was 5% overall but ranged from 0% to 11%. FUS was associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-13.5) and younger age (OR = 5.5 and 95% CI = 1.2-26.3 for ages < 25 years and OR = 8.2 and 95% CI = 1.7-38.4 for ages 25-29 years compared with age > 35 years). Overall HIV prevalence was 5.9% but was 17% among women with FUS. We observed significant geographical clustering of schistosomiasis: northern villages near Lake Victoria had more Schistosoma mansoni infections (P < 0.0001), and southern villages farther from the lake had more S. haematobium (P = 0.002). Our data support the postulate that FUS may be a risk factor for HIV infection and may contribute to the extremely high rates of HIV among young women in sub-Saharan Africa.     

Cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey of malaria in endemic areas with different activities of malaria control

A single cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey of malaria antibody was conducted in 1982 in Klang District, Rayong Province in three villages under different phases of malaria control activity to determine whether a single survey could be used to delineate malaria endemicity in Thailand and to compare the usefulness of ELISA and the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) in the assessment of malaria endemicity. Village 11 was a control area with high infection rate with an annual slide positive rate of 16.3% in 1981. Village 6 was also a control area but was in the late attack phase in which residual insecticide spraying has been ceased since 1976. Village 7 was a consolidation area. Finger-tipped blood was collected from 189, 191 and 132 individuals from villages 11, 6 and 7 respectively, and the plasma tested for anti-P. falciparum antibody with ELISA and IHA. With ELISA, it was shown that the seropositive rate in population of village 11 (84.6%) was significantly higher than those of other two villages (48.9% in village 6 and 28.8% in village 7). After age stratification, it was shown that the differences were observed in every age group except in the greater than or equal to 45 year age group of village 6. With IHA, a significantly higher seropositive rates in population of village 11 was evident when they were compared with the corresponding age groups of 6-14, 15-29 and 30-44 years in village 7, and the age group of less than or equal to 5 year in village 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

毛滴虫和溶组织内阿米巴的细胞器及其代谢的研究

本文应用超微结构细胞化学技术研究结果表明:阴道毛滴虫、人毛滴虫和溶组织内阿米巴均有溶酶体和内质网。二种毛滴虫都有副基体,而溶组织内阿米巴缺乏此细胞器。二种毛滴虫都有厌氧代谢产能的氢化酶体,而溶组织内阿米巴具有有氧代谢的呼吸细胞器微体。三种原虫都没有线粒体。     

Risk of intestinal helminth and protozoan infection in a refugee population

With continuing emigration from endemic countries, screening for parasitic infections remains a priority in U.S. communities serving refugee and immigrant populations. We report the prevalence of helminths and protozoa as well as demographic risk factors associated with these infections among 533 refugees seen at the Santa Clara County, California, Refugee Clinic between October 2001 and January 2004. Stool parasites were identified from 14% of refugees, including 9% found to have one or more protozoa and 6% found to have at least one helminth. Most common protozoan infections were Giardia lamblia (6%) and Dientamoeba fragilis (3%), and for helminths, hookworm (2%). Protozoa were more frequent in refugees < 18 years of age (OR: 2.2 [1.2-4.2]), whereas helminths were more common in refugees from South Central Asia (OR: 8.0 [2.3-27.7]) and Africa (OR: 5.9 [1.6-21.6]) when compared with refugees from Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Among helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm were concentrated among South Central Asians (6 of 7 and 10 of 11 cases, respectively), whereas Strongyloides stercoralis was predominantly found in Africans (5 of 7 cases). Although predeparture empirical treatment programs in Saharan Africa may have helped to reduce prevalence among arriving refugees from this region, parasitic infection is still common among refugees to the United States with helminth infections found in more specific populations. As refugees represent only a fraction of recent immigrants from endemic countries, current studies in nonrefugee groups are also needed.     

2008年黑龙江省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区成人颈动脉粥样硬化病情调查

目的 调查黑龙江省饮水型地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)病区成人颈动脉粥样硬化病情,探讨饮水型氟中毒与颈动脉粥样硬化发生的关系.方法 2008年,在黑龙江省肇州县选取4个饮水含氟量≥1.0 mg/L的自然村作为病区组,在泰来县选取4个饮水含氟量＜1.0 mg/L的自然村作为对照组.用B超对40岁以上居民进行了颈动脉粥样硬化检查,保留超声图片并做记分、诊断、评分.结果病区组4个村(新丰村、太平山村、宝产村和后郑村)共检查266人,颈动脉粥样硬化检出率分别为47.3%(35/74)、63.5%(40/63)、73.3%(33/45)、60.7%(51/84);对照组4个村(哈拉村、乾兴村、三家村、爱林村)共检查283人,颈动脉粥样硬化检出率分别为32.7%(17/52)、32.9%(24/73)、39.2%(31/79)、30.4%(24/79),两组间检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(T=26,P＜0.05);病区村与对照村按年龄标准化后的颈动脉动脉粥样硬化检出率分别为47.3%、63.5%、73.3%、60.7%,34.7%、36.3%、43.0%、41.3%,两组间预期阳性率[57.5%(153/266)、37.8%(107/283)]比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=21.36,P＜0.01);按年龄标准化的颈动脉粥样硬化病例病变严重程度两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=36.15,P＜0.01).结论饮水型地氟病病区成人颈动脉粥样硬化的检出率高于对照,病变程度重于对照,高氟与动脉粥样硬化的发生存在一定的关系.