溶栓酶溶栓作用的实验研究

目的研究溶栓酶(TE)对血栓的溶解作用.方法家兔血栓模型采用动-静脉旁路法并测定血液纤溶和凝血系统相关参数指标.结果 TE(3.75、7.50 MIU/kg)对家兔动-静脉旁路所形成血栓有明显溶栓作用,可明显减轻血栓干、湿重量,并可明显降低血浆纤溶酶原含量,使血浆纤维蛋白降解产物转呈阳性反应.结论 TE有明显的血栓溶解作用.     

沙蚕激酶全基因在大肠杆菌中表达及溶栓作用检测

目的 使沙蚕激酶全基因在大肠杆菌中高效表达获得沙蚕激酶,并检测其溶栓活性.方法 通过BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切将沙蚕激酶全基因克隆进载体pGEX4T-2,诱导表达后SDS-PAGE证实该基因正常表达.构建大鼠颈动-静脉旁路血栓模型,进行目的 蛋白溶栓作用检测.结果 沙蚕激酶使血栓湿质量减小,优球蛋白溶解时间(ELT)缩短(F=19.112、20.390,P<0.05),但对纤维蛋白原(FIB)影响不明显(F=1.333,P>0.05).结论 沙蚕激酶基因表达的目的 蛋白有抑制血栓形成、激活纤溶活性的作用.     

纳豆激酶纤维蛋白溶解和抗血栓作用初步研究

目的:初步探讨纳再激酶的纤维蛋白溶解和抗血栓的作用.方法:通过研究纳豆激酶对正常新西兰兔凝血功能、纤维蛋白降解产物和大鼠血小板血栓(动-静脉旁路法)的影响来评价纳豆激酶的纤溶和抗血栓作用.结果:纳豆激酶中、高剂量可明显缩短ELT、延长TT、APTT.增加FDP的含量;纳豆激酶高剂量能减少大鼠血小板血栓模型之血栓湿重,但对血栓干重无明显影响.结论:纳豆激酶具有纤维蛋自溶解作用.     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌蛋白酶纤溶活性及其机制的研究

目的自双齿围沙蚕消化道内分离得到1株嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌,前期研究发现该菌株可大量胞外分泌一种具有纤溶活性的蛋白酶。文中旨在观察嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌蛋白酶(S.maltophiliaprotease,SMP)在体内外的纤维蛋白溶解活性,并探讨其纤溶机制。方法试管凝块法和纤维蛋白平板法体外观察SMP对纤维蛋白和纤维蛋白原的溶解作用,计算其比活性;建立SD大鼠动-静脉旁路血栓模型,分别给予不同剂量的SMP、等渗盐水和蚓激酶,观察各组血栓重量及表面情况,检测血浆优球蛋白溶解时间(euglobulin lysis time,ELT)、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fg)、纤维蛋白降解产物(fibrin degradation prod-uct,FDP)和D-二聚体等指标,并比较血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue plasminogen activator,t-PA)和血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1,PAI-1)的变化。结果 SMP同时具有溶解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白的活性,且活性呈一定的量效关系;SMP不依赖纤溶酶原的激活而直接溶解纤维蛋白,并...     

降脂宁胶囊对凝血时间、血栓形成影响的实验研究

目的:观察不同剂量的降脂宁胶囊对小鼠凝血时间、大鼠动静脉旁路血栓形成的影响。方法:小鼠50只,随机区组法分为空白对照组、阳性对照组(Aspirin 0.1g/kg)、降脂宁胶囊0.5 g/kg组、1.0 g/kg组、2.0 g/kg组。灌胃给药,1次/d,连续给药8 d,毛细管法测量各组小鼠的凝血时间(s);大鼠40只按随机区组法分为:空白对照组、阳性对照组(Aspirin 0.1 g/kg)、降脂宁胶囊0.35 g/kg、0.7 g/kg、1.4 g/kg组。灌胃给药,1次/d,连续给药8 d,称重法测量各组动、静脉旁路血栓形成的湿重(mg)。结果:降脂宁胶囊2.0 g/kg能明显延长正常小鼠的凝血时间,降脂宁胶囊1.4 g/kg可明显降低大鼠动、静脉旁路血栓形成的血栓湿重,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:降脂宁胶囊有延长小鼠凝血时间、抑制大鼠动、静脉旁路血栓形成的作用。     

急性下肢深静脉血栓经导管溶栓过程中凝血纤溶指标的临床意义

目的探讨在下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）经导管溶栓（CDT）中,凝血-纤溶指标的变化及其临床意义。方法选择2014年6月~ 2015年6月在我院经CDT治疗的急性下肢DVT患者50例作为病例组,在溶栓前、CDT溶栓24 h、溶栓结束分别检测血浆D-二 聚体、纤维蛋白原（FIB）和纤维蛋白降解产物（FDP）浓度。另选择健康体检50例作为健康对照组。结果DVT患者D-二聚体、 FIB 和FDP 在溶栓前浓度分别为29.17±38.67 μg/mL、3.66±0.95 g/L、76.14±131.48 μg/mL,和健康对照组0.21±0.27 μg/mL、 3.32±0.65 g/L、1.08±0.73 μg/mL 相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。疗效判定为再通者34例（再通组）,未通者16例（未通组）; 实施溶栓24 h后,再通组D-二聚体和FDP浓度较前显著升高（P<0.05）,FIB则较前显著降低（P<0.05）。未通组上述指标变化在 溶栓24 h后无显著改变（P>0.05）。Spearman相关性分析表明,实施溶栓24 h后,D-二聚体和FDP的浓度与疗效存在正相关关 系,相关系数分别为r=0.66及r=0.50（P<0.05）。结论在CDT治疗过程中监测D-二聚体、FIB及FDP的浓度的变化,对及时了解 血栓溶解情况,判断溶栓效果有重要的临床意义     

舒络胶囊对血栓形成的影响

目的 :观察舒络胶囊对大鼠血栓形成的影响。方法 :采用大鼠动 -静脉旁路血栓形成法和电刺激大鼠颈总动脉造成血栓形成两种整体动物血栓形成模型。结果 :舒络胶囊 2 .4g/kg和 0 .8g/kg均呈剂量依赖性抑制血栓形成 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :舒络胶囊具有抑制血栓形成的作用。     

短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂动脉溶栓的实验研究

目的观察短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂不同剂量溶栓的量效关系;对短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂、瑞替普酶、尿激酶溶栓结果进行比较,评价短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓效果。方法在36只成年毕格犬建立急性脑栓塞模型,随机分为生理盐水组、瑞替普酶组、尿激酶组、短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂大剂量组（75μg/kg）、中剂量组（37.5μg/kg）及小剂量组（18.75μg/kg）6组,分别予以相应干预处理。溶栓后分别于60、120、180、240分钟行颈内动脉造影观察栓塞动脉再通情况并抽取静脉血液测定TT、PT、APTT、FIB及DD。结果（1）溶栓后2小时GBV-PA大剂量组（75μg/kg）、中剂量组（37.5μg/kg）、小剂量组（18.75μg/kg）及生理盐水组血管再通率分别为86.7%、52.4%、33.3%和0.00%,大剂量组血管再通率明显高于中、小剂量组。（2）溶栓后2小时瑞替普酶组、GBV-PA大剂量组、尿激酶组的血管再通率分别为88.9%、86.7%和57.9%,瑞替普酶组、GBV-PA大剂量组均高于尿激酶组,GBV-PA大剂量组和瑞替普酶组两者之间无统计学差异。结论短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂动脉溶栓效果呈剂量依赖性;大剂量短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂比尿激酶具有更强的血栓溶解作用,与瑞替普酶溶栓效果相当。     

复方丹参片对血瘀模型大鼠的实验研究

目的 探讨复方丹参片对血瘀证模型动物相关指标的影响.方法 建立大鼠急性血瘀模型,通过检测血液流变学、血小板聚集以及血栓质量及抑制率评价复方丹参片对血瘀大鼠的作用;建立大鼠动静脉旁路血栓模型,观察复方丹参片对大鼠动静脉旁路血栓的影响.结果 复方丹参片高、中剂量组可以抑制血小板聚集,降低红细胞聚集能力、全血黏度及血浆黏度,增加红细胞的变形能力,延长血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT),降低血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量;低剂量组延长血浆TT.复方丹参片对大鼠动静脉旁路血栓的湿质量及干质量具有明显的降低作用,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义.结论 复方丹参片具有改善血瘀模型大鼠血液流变性、抑制血小板聚集及血栓形成的作用,对大鼠动静脉旁路血栓也有抑制作用.     

兔股动脉血栓形成模型中国产重组葡激酶的药代动力学

目的 :研究国产重组葡激酶 (recombinantstaphylokinase ,r SAK)在兔股动脉球囊损伤后血栓形成模型中的药代动力学特征 ,采用“溶圈法”测定血浆r SAK水平。方法 :新西兰兔 30只 ,随机分为对照组 (生理盐水 10ml,30min)、r SAK小剂量组 (r SAK 0 .2 5mg kg ,30min)、r SAK中剂量组 (r SAK 0 .5mg kg ,30min)、r SAK大剂量组(r SAK 1.0mg kg ,30min)、r SAK单次静脉推注组 (r SAK0 .5mg kg ,2min)和联合肝素治疗组 (先静脉推注肝素 2 0 0U kg ,继之予r SAK 0 .5mg kg ,30min ,溶栓后予肝素5 0U (kg·h)静滴至观察终点 )。用球囊损伤法制作兔右股动脉血栓形成模型 ,然后经耳缘静脉匀速输注溶栓药物。溶栓前及溶栓后不同时间点取静脉血用“溶圈法”检测r SAK血药浓度 ,用药代动力学计算程序拟合r SAK药代动力学模型。结果 :r SAK血浆浓度在 2 .0× 10 4 ～ 2 .0× 10 6 U L范围内与溶圈直径线性关系良好 ,平均回收率为 (96 .0 5±11.35 ) % ,相对标准差 (relativestandarddeviation ,RSD)为±11.82 %。各静脉输注组血药浓度峰值时间为 30min ,低、中、高 3个剂量组峰值浓度与用药剂量呈正相关 (r =0 .99998,P <0 .0 0 0 1)。单次静脉推注组峰值浓度为 (5 .16± 1.0 2 )mg L ,显著高于等剂量 30min输注组 (P     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.