缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿胆红素与血红素加氧酶1的变化

目的:观察新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病发生过程中胆红素与血红素加氧酶1活性的变化,探讨两者在缺氧缺血性脑病发生发展中的作用。方法:选择1998-01/2003-12西安交通大学第一医院产科出生并收住新生儿病房的患儿200例。纳入标准:①窒息儿根据新生儿生后Apgar评分0-3分为重度窒息,4～7分为轻度窒息。②缺氧缺血性脑病患儿临床诊断符合新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病标准。③高胆红素血症的诊断标准符合足月儿胆红素>205μmol/L。④新生儿黄疸诊断标准血清胆红素>85μmol/L时,临床出现肉眼黄疸。依据缺氧缺血程度分为2组,窒息组和缺氧缺血性脑病组。窒息组分为轻度、重度2个亚组,缺氧缺血性脑病组分为轻度,中度,重度3个亚组,每个亚组40例,对照组选择同期出生的健康新生儿40例,与窒息组和缺氧缺血性脑病组患儿的胎龄和出生体质量差异无显著性。取患儿股静脉血4mL,采用生化分析仪测定窒息组和缺氧缺血性脑病组患儿的胆红素值,并在急性期(3d内)和恢复期(10d内)用464nm和530nm双波长分光光度法测定样品反应物中胆红素生成量代表血红素加氧酶1活性,以每秒每升血清生成胆红素量为单位(μkat/L)。同时测定正常对照组新生儿的胆红素值和血红素加氧酶1活性。对样本均数比较采用方差分析。结果:①胆红素水平:轻度窒息组明显高于重度窒息组和对照[(325.62±39.1),(243.64±37.6),(305.70±51.3)μmol/L,F=10.89,P<0.01]。轻度、重度缺氧缺血性脑病组胆红素水平接近[(89.4±8.1),(86.7±3.9)μmol/L]。②胆血红素加氧酶1活性:重度窒息组急性期血红素加氧酶1活性值明显高于轻度窒息组急性期和恢复期,重度窒息组恢复期和对照组(F=38.63,P<0.01);重度缺氧缺血性脑病组急性期血红素加氧酶1活性明显高于恢复期,也明显高于轻度和中度缺氧缺血性脑病组(急性期和恢复期)(F=8.93,P<0.01)。③黄疸发生率:轻度窒息组发生高胆红素血症22例,生理性黄疸12例,黄疸发生率85%;重度窒息组发生高胆红素血症6例,生理性黄疸3例,黄疸发生率23%。对照组发生高胆红素血症20例,生理性黄疸12例,黄疸发生率80%。缺氧缺血性脑病组无高胆红素血症发生,轻度缺氧缺血性脑病组发生生理性黄疸6例,黄疸发生率15%;重度缺氧缺血性脑病组发生生理性黄疸5例,黄疸发生率13%。结论:当不同程度缺氧缺血使新生儿脑损伤时,血红素加氧酶1活性增加致胆红素的抗氧化作用途径开放,胆红素水平降低。提示胆红素水平、血红素加氧酶1活性能反映缺氧缺血性脑病患儿的病情严重程度,对缺氧缺血性脑病的诊断及预测预后具有一定的参考价值。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿胆红素与血红素加氧酶1的变化

目的：观察新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病发生过程中胆红素与血红素加氧酶1活性的变化，探讨两者在缺氧缺血性脑病发生发展中的作用。方法：选择1998-01／2003-12西安交通大学第一医院产科出生并收住新生儿病房的患儿200例。纳入标准：①窒息儿根据新生儿生后Apgar评分0-3分为重度窒息，4～7分为轻度窒息。②缺氧缺血性脑病患儿临床诊断符合新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病标准。③高胆红素血症的诊断标准符合足月儿胆红素&;gt;205μmol／L。④新生儿黄疸诊断标准血清胆红素&;gt;85μmol／L时，临床出现肉眼黄疸。依据缺氧缺血程度分为2组，窒息组和缺氧缺血性脑病组。窒息组分为轻度、重度2个亚组，缺氧缺血性脑病组分为轻度，中度，重度3个亚组，每个亚组40例．对照组选择同期出生的健康新生儿40例．与窒息组和缺氧缺血性脑病组患儿的胎龄和出生体质量差异无显著性。取患儿股静脉血4mL，采用生化分析仪测定窒息组和缺氧缺血性脑病组患儿的胆红素值，并在急性期(3d内)和恢复期(10d内)用464nm和530nm双波长分光光度法测定样品反应物中胆红素生成量代表血红素加氧酶1活性，以每秒每升血清生成胆红素量为单位(μkat／L)。同时测定正常对照组新生儿的胆红素值和血红素加氧酶1活性。对样本均数比较采用方差分析。结果：①胆红素水平：轻度窒息组明显高于重度窒息组和对照[(325．62&;#177;39．1)，(243．64&;#177;37．6)，(305．70&;#177;51.3)μmol／L，F=10．89，P&;lt;0．01]。轻度、重度缺氧缺血性脑病组胆红素水平接近[(89．4&;#177;8．1)，(86．7&;#177;3．9)μmol／L]。②胆血红素加氧酶1活性：重度窒息组急性期血红素加氧酶l活性值明显高于轻度窒息组急性期和恢复期，重度窒息组恢复期和对照组(F=38．63，P&;lt;0．01)；重度缺氧缺血性脑病组急性期血红素加氧酶1活性明显高于恢复期，也明显高于轻度和中度缺氧缺血性脑病组(急性期和恢复期)(F=8．93，P&;lt;0．01)。③黄疸发生率：轻度窒息组发生高胆红素血症22例，生理性黄疸12例，黄疸发生率85％；重度窒息组发生高胆红素血症6例，生理性黄疸3例，黄疸发生率23％。对照组发生高胆红素血症20例，生理性黄疸12例，黄疸发生率80％。缺氧缺血性脑病组无高胆红素血症发生，轻度缺氧缺血性脑病组发生生理性黄疸6例，黄疸发生率15％；重度缺氧缺血性脑病组发生生理性黄疸5例，黄疸发生率13％。结论：当不同程度缺氧缺血使新生儿脑损伤时，血红素加氧酶1活性增加致胆红素的抗氧化作用途径开放，胆红素水平降低。提示胆红素水平、血红素加氧酶1活性能反映缺氧缺血性脑病患儿的病情严重程度，对缺氧缺血性脑病的诊断及预测预后具有一定的参考价值。     

新生儿窒息缺氧与高胆红素血症变化关系探讨

目的 探讨新生儿窒息缺氧与高胆红素血症变化的关系。方法 对我院2001年12月至2006年12月196例新生儿窒息缺氧中高胆红素血症的发生率及变化进行回顾性临床分析。分轻度窒息组与重度窒息组，采用微量血胆红素测定方法。结果 两组新生儿高胆红素血症发生率分别为42．2％（54／128）与17．6％（12／68）（x^2=9．98，P=0．002）；两组新生儿窒息缺氧中血清胆红素最高值分别为（12．78±4．68）mg／dl与（9．19±3．80）mg／dl（P=0．001）；高胆红素血症发生率及血清胆红素水平均与新生儿窒息缺氧程度呈负相关（P=0．001）。结论 新生儿重度窒息缺氧其高胆红素血症的发生率及血清胆红素值明显低于轻度窒息儿。     

新生儿窒息缺氧程度与黄疸的关系

一般认为新生儿高间接胆红素血症(高胆)常见原因除感染、溶血外,还与缺氧有关.但临床观察发现缺氧越重的新生儿黄疸反而越轻.为探讨缺氧程度与黄疸的关系,我们对轻、重度窒息及无缺氧表现的吸人性肺炎患儿黄疸情况进行了回顾性分析,具体报告如下.1资料与方法1.1 一般资料我院产科2008-2010-12出生的足月新生儿为观察对象.(去除已确诊的有溶血、败血症、红细胞增多症病例等),窒息组的选择:依据生后Apgar评分[1]:1 min 4～7分者为轻度窒息组65例,1 min≤3分或5 min≤5分者则为重度窒息组44例.另随机抽取生后3d内发病中无缺氧、无窒息、无呼吸衰竭、血氧分压在正常范围内单纯轻度吸入性肺炎患儿做为对照组54例.三组的治疗:发生高胆红素血症即口服鲁米那诱导肝酶,而当血胆红素值大于255 μmol/L(15 mg/dl)则加蓝光照射及入血白蛋白静脉输入等综合治疗方法[1].     

血清酸性钙结合蛋白S-100对胆红素脑病早期诊断的意义

目的通过检测新生儿高胆红素血症患儿血清酸性钙结合蛋白S-100的变化,探讨其在该病诊断和预后判断中的作用。方法选择于2009年1月-2011年2月在我科住院的足月新生儿黄疸患者46例为观察对象,其中26例诊断为生理性黄疸（胆红素〈256μmol/L,根据实用新生儿学诊断标准）为B组,20例重度高胆红素血症（胆红素≥342μmol/L）为C组。临床诊断为胆红素脑病患儿11例为D组;同期正常无黄疸足月新生儿20例为对照组A组.各组病例均除外新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病,颅内出血等疾病。清晨留取静脉血4 ml,取血清标本,测血清总胆红素和-间接胆红素值,并采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法检测S-100蛋白浓度。结果对照组（A组）与生理性黄疸组（B组）血清S-100蛋白浓度分别为0.285±0.116和0.315±0.121μg/L,两组间比较P〉0.05,无明显差异;重度高胆红素血症组（C组）血清S-100蛋白浓度为0.493±0.212μg/L,胆红素脑病组（D组）为0.865±0.392μg/L,两组之间比较结果具有显著差异,P〈0.05。而B组和C组比较血清S-100浓度也有显著差异,P〈0.05。结论血清S-100蛋白浓度作为神经系统损伤的特异生化指标,可提示新生儿胆红素脑病的发生,并能反映其严重程度,提示预后判断。     

高胆红素血症新生儿肾功能指标变化及临床意义

目的 探讨新生儿高胆红素血症时肾功能指标的变化及临床意义.方法 根据血清总胆红素(TBiL)水平将92例高胆红素血症患儿分为轻中度高胆红素血症组(TBiL 221～342 μmol/L)和重度高胆红素血症组(TBiL≥342 μmol/L),健康对照组为30例健康新生儿,检测3组新生儿的血清Cys C、β2-MG、BUN、Cr及尿NAG水平并进行统计学分析.结果 3组新生儿的血清Cys C、β2-MG及尿NAG水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且随着黄疸程度的加重,Cys C、NAG和β2-MG水平逐渐升高,其水平与胆红素水平呈正相关(P<0.05);各组间尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血清Cys C、β2-MG和尿NAG可作为反映高胆红素血症新生儿肾功能早期损伤的敏感指标.     

新生儿重度高胆红素血症1091例临床分析

【目的】探讨新生儿重度高胆红素血症的病因及胆红素脑病的发生情况。【方法】对2008年11月1日至2009年10月31日在本院住院的新生儿重度高胆红素血症1091例临床资料进行回顾性分析。【结果】原因不明黄疸占新生儿重度高胆红素血症病因的第一位（59．62％）,其次是新生儿溶血病（14．99%）和败血症（13．82％）;不同病因胆红素脑病的发生率差异无显著性（F=5．766,P=0．45）;胆红素脑病病因构成比中原因不明占57．650A;血清总胆红素超过599μmol／L,胆红素脑病的发生率显著增加。【结论】原因不明黄疸占新生儿重度高胆红素血症病因的第一位,原因不明的黄疸可能是重度高胆红素血症研究的重点;血清总胆红素超过599μmol／L时,建议积极换血治疗。     

新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌酶影响的研究

目的 研究新生儿高胆红素血症对心肌酶的影响。方法 选择2021年1月至2022年12月都江堰首嘉医院和西部战区空军医院出生的高胆红素血症新生儿55例作为研究对象,根据病情严重程度分为重度黄疸组(25例)、轻度黄疸组(30例)。另选择同期出生的30例正常新生儿作为对照组。检测3组肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平。检测轻度、重度黄疸组治疗后5 d CK、CKMB、LDH和cTnI水平。结果 轻度、重度黄疸组CK、CKMB、LDH和cTnI水平均明显高于对照组,但轻度黄疸组低于重度黄疸组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻度、重度黄疸组患儿经蓝光和保护心肌治疗5 d后,血清总胆红素均降至221μmol/L以下,且CK、CKMB、LDH和cTnI水平均较治疗前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿CK、CKMB基本降至正常范围,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但轻度黄疸组LDH和cTnI水平降低程度比重度黄疸组更明显,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 新生儿高胆红素血...     

新生儿ABO溶血病并红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症临床对比分析

目的 探讨新生儿ABO溶血病、红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏症及两者合并患儿的临床特点.方法 对160例新生儿ABO溶血病(ABO组)、219例G-6-PD缺乏症(G6PD组)、52例新生儿ABO溶血病并G-6-PD缺乏症(ABO+G617D组)3组临床相关指标进行对比分析.结果 G6PD组血红蛋白[(159.7±24.9)g/L]高于ABO组[(150.2±23.0)g/L]和ABO+G6PD组[(149.2±22.8)g/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);血清总胆红紊高于ABO组[(419.0±152.9)μmol/L与(355.4±113.2)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);黄疸消退时间较ABO组长[(9.4±2.3)d与(8.1±2.2)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).ABO+G6PD组黄疸消退时间[(12.0±2.7)d]、光疗时间[(43.2±16.0)h]、光疗次数[(3.5±1.2)次]均长或多于ABO组[(8.1.4-2.2)d、(36.1 4-15.9)h、(2.6±1.2)次]及其G6PD组[(9.4±2.3)d、(37.6±17.3)h、(2.8 4-1.3)次],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).G6PD组胆红素脑病(16.O%)、低钙血症发生率(32.9%)高于ABO组(6.9%、20.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而其贫血发生率(23.3%)则低于ABO组(40.0%)及其ABO+G6PD组(51.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 新生儿ABO溶血病并G-6-PD缺乏症时,黄疸出现时间、黄疸程度、胆红素脑病发生率与新生儿ABO溶血病、G-6-PD缺乏症差异无显著性,但黄疸消退时间更长,黄疸更易反复.G-6-PD缺乏症与新生儿ABO溶血痛相比,黄疸程度更重,退黄时间更长,更易发生胆红素脑病,但贫血发生率更低.     

围产期急慢性缺氧新生儿血清尿酸水平与脑肾功能损伤的关系

目的：应用围产期急、慢性缺氧新生儿血清尿酸水平判断新生儿脑肾功能损伤程度。方法：选择2003—10／2004—11在北京市海淀区妇幼保健院出生的轻度窒息新生儿34例为轻度窒息组，重度窒息新生儿31例为重度窒息组。选择本院同期住院的明确诊断为重度妊娠期高血压综合征(pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome，PIH)孕妇所分娩的新生儿30例为母亲重度PIH组。选择本院同期出生的正常新生儿30例为对照组。分别测定所有患儿及正常新生儿血清尿酸、尿素、肌酐水平，并行脑结果：轻、重度窒息组、母亲重度PIH组血清尿酸水平明显高于对照组（P&;lt;0．01)；重度窒息组和母亲重度PIH组新生儿血清尿酸水平[(349．76&;#177;128．41)，(330．70&;#177;176．14)μmol／L]明显高于轻度窒息组[(246.95&;#177;109．19)μmol／L](P&;lt;0．01，0．05)。重度窒息组新生儿异常和可疑EEG所占比率明显高于对照组、母亲重度PIH组(P&;lt;0．01)，重度窒息组EEG异常率明显高于轻度窒息组(P&;lt;0．05)。结论：有围产期急慢性缺氧史的新生儿血清尿酸水平较高，其含量对判断缺氧程度和脑、肾等脏器损伤程度具有重要意义。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。