东北鹤虱中一个具有抗菌活性的新喹酮类生物碱

目的 对东北鹤虱的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定并进行抗菌活性测定。方法 通过硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等分离方法从东北鹤虱的BuOH提取物中分离得到一个新喹酮类化合物，以有机波谱方法(^1H-NMR、^13C-NMR、2D-NMR、HR-MS，UV和IR等)进行结构鉴定，并以纸片琼脂扩散法进行抗菌活性测定。结果 从东北鹤虱中分离出一个新喹酮类生物碱，鉴定为8-甲氧基-4-喹酮-2-羧酸，并对铜绿假单胞菌、肠致病性大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及表皮葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性。结论 该化合物为一新化合物，并具有抗菌活性。     

金丝草化学成分

目的:研究禾本科金发草属植物金丝草的抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)活性物质基础。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱并结合重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定单体化合物的结构。结果:从金丝草干燥全草的60%乙醇提取物中分离得到6个单体化合物,分别鉴定为木犀草素-6-C-β-D-鸡纳糖苷(1)、牡荆素鼠李糖苷(2)、异牡荆素-4’-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3)、金丝桃苷(4)、槲皮素-3-甲醚(5)、D-甘露醇(6)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从金发草属植物中分离得到。     

石榴皮总多酚有效部位的化学成分分析

目的:研究石榴皮总多酚有效部位正丁醇萃取物的化学成分,阐述其抗肿瘤作用的物质基础,为其深度开发利用提供科学依据。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱和反相硅胶柱色谱及制备液相色谱等多种分离技术,从石榴皮总多酚有效部位正丁醇萃取物分离得到了6个单体化合物,根据理化性质和1H-NMR,13C-NMR等波谱学数据进行结构鉴定。结果:经过结构鉴定,从石榴皮总多酚有效部位正丁醇萃取物中分离得到的6个单体化合物分别为水仙苷(1),1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(2),2-甲氧基对苯二酚-4-O-葡萄糖苷(3),对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯(4),对香豆酸葡萄糖酯(5),苯乙醇芸香糖苷(6)。结论:除化合物2外,其他化合物均为首次从石榴皮中分离得到。     

黄芩茎叶中的化学成分

目的:探讨黄芩茎叶的抗菌活性物质基础。方法:60%乙醇冷浸提取,通过硅胶柱色谱,聚酰胺柱色谱,羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱及HPLC,重结晶等方法分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据(1H-NMR,13CNMR,UV,MS)鉴定化学结构。结果:从黄芩茎叶60%乙醇提取物中,分离得到8个单体化合物,分别鉴定为:芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(1),5,4'-二羟基-7-甲氧基二氢黄酮(2),芫花素(3),千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(4),7-甲氧基白杨素(5),白杨素(6),3',4',5,5',7-五甲氧基黄酮(7),红花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(8)。结论:化合物3为首次从黄芩茎叶中分离得到,化合物2,5,7为首次从黄芩植物中分离得到。     

六味地黄苷糖中糖苷部位的化学成分研究

目的:对六味地黄苷糖中糖苷部位的化学成分进行研究,阐明其活性的物质基础.方法:用大孔树脂柱色谱制备糖苷部位,用硅胶和反相硅胶柱色谱分离各成分,用MS及NMR技术鉴定结构.结果:分离得到了11个化合物,其中包括9个环烯醚萜苷,1个蒎烷单萜苷,1个酚苷,分别鉴定为7-脱氢马钱素(1),7α-甲氧基莫诺苷(2),7β-甲氧基莫诺苷(3),7α-乙氧基莫诺苷(4),7β-乙氧基莫诺苷(5),莫诺苷(6),獐芽菜苷(7),马钱素(8),芍药苷(9),丹皮酚原苷(10),番木鳖酸(11).结论:该糖苷部位是新药六味地黄苷糖发挥免疫和内分泌调节作用的重要部分.化合物6～8是该部位的主要成分,具有较好的免疫调节作用,是该部位主要活性成分.     

红藻刺状鱼栖苔中具有生物活性的甾体类化合物

目的:对红藻刺状鱼栖苔Acanthophora spicifera中的甾体类化学成分进行研究,寻找具有生物活性的先导化合物.方法:利用正相和反相柱色谱、sepbadex LH-20柱色谱、反相HPLC以及重结晶等手段进行分离纯化,借助MS,IR,1D和2D NMR等方法鉴定结构;通过MTT法对分离鉴定的单体化合物在HCT-8,Bel-7402,BGC-823,A549和HELA细胞株上进行细胞毒活性测试;通过MTT法对单体化合物在犬血管平滑肌细胞模型上进行增殖抑制活性测试.结果:从刺状鱼栖苔中分离得到6个甾体类化合物,分别鉴定为6-羟基-胆甾-4-烯-3-酮(1)、胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮(2)、胆甾-5-烯-3β-醇(3)、5α-胆甾-3,6-二酮(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)和24-羟基-24-乙烯基-胆甾醇(6).结论:其中化合物1,2,3,5为首次从该海藻中分离鉴定;化合物1,2,4表现出一定细胞毒活性.     

东京枫杨的甾体等化学成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性

 目的阐明民间用于肿瘤治疗的东京枫杨[Pterocarya tonkinesis(Franch.)Dode.]的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性。方法用小鼠乳腺癌tsFT210细胞的流式细胞术筛选模型,确定抗肿瘤活性部位;利用Sephadex LH-20和硅胶等柱色谱和重结晶等技术,分离精制活性部位的化学成分;根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化学结构,用流式细胞术评价抗肿瘤活性结果从东京枫杨茎皮的活性部位分离鉴定了(24S)-麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(1)、豆甾醇(2)、(24R)-5α-豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(3)、alnin- canone(4)和棕榈酸(5)等5个化合物。其中,化合物1和5对tsFT210细胞示有细胞周期抑制和细胞凋亡诱导活性。结论化合物1-5均为首次从枫杨属植物中分离得到,化合物1和5作为东京枫杨的抗肿瘤活性成分属首次报道。     

苦木中3个二聚β-卡巴林生物碱及其生物活性研究

目的研究苦木科植物苦木Picrasma quassioides茎的化学成分。方法运用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、ODS柱色谱以及反相HPLC等多种色谱分离手段进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和现代波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。通过MTT法和MIC法分别评价化合物的细胞毒和抗菌活性。结果从苦木茎95%乙醇提取物中分离得到了3个β-卡巴林生物碱成分,分别鉴定为picrasidine F(1)、picrasidine G(2)和picrasidine S(3)。化合物1对人宫颈癌He La细胞有显著的细胞毒活性,且选择性较强;化合物2和3对人宫颈癌He La细胞、胃癌MKN-28细胞和小鼠黑色素瘤B-16细胞具有显著的细胞毒活性。化合物1~3对2株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和2株甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)有显著的抑菌活性。结论首次对化合物1的核磁数据进行了全归属。3个化合物表现出显著的细胞毒活性和抗菌活性。     

地肤子中抗氧化活成分筛选

目的研究地肤子的抗氧化活性成分,确定其抗氧化活性物质基础。方法以DPPH自由基清除率试验为手段,对地肤子石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相四个部位进行抗氧化活性筛选。用多种柱色谱结合重结晶的方法对抗氧化活性强的部位进一步分离,通过化合物的理化性质结合波谱分析鉴定分离得到化合物的结构,并测试其对DPPH自由基的清除率,以IC50值为指标,判断其抗氧化活性。结果正丁醇相是地肤子的抗氧化活性部位,从中分离得到4个单体化合物:齐墩果酸(1)、胡萝卜苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)和金丝桃苷(4),其中化合物(3)是首次从地肤子中分离得到。与阳性对照维生素C相比,化合物3和化合物4的抗氧化活性较强,其IC50值分别为13.86和21.03μg/ml。结论地肤子抗氧化活性的物质基础主要为其所含丰富的黄酮类物质。     

褐藻叉开网翼藻化学成分研究

目的:对网地藻科褐藻叉开网翼藻进行化学成分研究,并对分离得到的化合物进行细胞毒活性实验。方法:利用正相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、反相HPLC及重结晶等手段进行分离纯化;借助IR,MS及NMR鉴定结构;通过改良的MTT法对单体化合物进行细胞毒活性实验。结果:从叉开网翼藻中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为(-)-torreyol(Ⅰ),4β,5-αdihydroxycubenol(Ⅱ),3-farnesyl--phydroxybenzioc acid(Ⅲ),chromazonarol(Ⅳ),岩藻甾醇(Ⅴ),苯乙酰胺(Ⅵ),4-羟基苯甲酸(Ⅶ)和正十六酸(Ⅷ)。结论:化合物Ⅱ和Ⅳ系首次从该海藻中发现;其余化合物均为首次从网地藻科海藻中分离得到。细胞毒活性试验结果显示所有化合物均无明显活性(IC50>10μgmL-1)。     

紫花地丁抗菌活性成分研究

目的:了解紫花地丁的抗菌活性及其活性成分.方法:化学成分的分离采用溶剂提取、硅胶柱色谱分离、Sephedex LH-20柱色谱和重结晶法进行,活性跟踪测定采用纸片扩散试验法进行,最小抑菌浓度采用比浊法进行,最小杀菌浓度采用比浊法并结合平皿培养来完成.结果:从紫花地丁全草的甲醇提取物中分离鉴定出4个具有抗菌活性的香豆素成分:七叶内酯(1),6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(2),东莨菪内酯(3)和5-甲氧基-7-羟甲基香豆素(4),其中4为新化合物.4个化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、停乳链球菌和沙门氏菌均有不同程度的抑菌和杀菌活性,其中1的活性最好,对6种供试菌的MIC 0.031 -0.313 g·L-1,MBC 0.313～0.625 g·L-1.结论:紫花地丁对动物病原菌具有较广谱的抗菌活性,香豆素是其主要的抗菌活性成分.     

山胡椒抗肿瘤转移化学成分研究

目的:研究山胡椒Lindera glauca中的化学成分及其抗肿瘤转移活性.方法:综合运用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、HPLC制备色谱等多种色谱法分离纯化山胡椒中的化学成分;采用NMR等波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构,进一步以Tran-swell趋化实验方法测定化合物抗肿瘤转移作用.结果:从山胡椒乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别为樟苍碱(1),N-甲基樟苍碱(2),瑞枯灵(3),紫堇碱(4),N-反式阿魏酸酪酰胺(5),N-顺式阿魏酸酪酰胺(6),芒籽香碱(7),降异紫堇定碱(8),[9,9,9-2H3]-(1S*,3S*,4S*,8S*)-p-Menthane-3,8-diol(9),[9,9,9-2H3]-(1S*,3R*,4S*,8S*)-p-Menthane-3,8-diol(10).抗肿瘤转移实验结果表明化合物1,2,4,5,7和9均有明确的抗肿瘤转移作用,其中化合物1,4和5的抗肿瘤转移活性较强.结论:化合物3为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物9,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到;化合物1,4和5的抗肿瘤转移活性较强.     

In vitro biological activities of niloticane,a new bioactive cassane diterpene from the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana was reported in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Isolation of an active compound in this study from the bark extract may lead to the validation of its efficiency as a traditional crude drug.

Aims of the study

This study aimed to isolate active compound(s) from an ethyl acetate bark extract of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana and to investigate some of its biological activity.

Materials and methods

The isolation process was carried out using bioassay-guided fractionation. The isolated compound was tested for antibacterial activity using the micro-dilution assay; anti-inflammatory activity using the COX-1 and COX-2 assays and investigated for inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase using the microplate assay.

Results

A new bioactive compound was isolated and identified as a cassane diterpene, niloticane. Niloticane showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 4 and 8 μg/mL, respectively. With Gram-negative bacteria, niloticane showed weak activity. MIC values obtained were 16 and 33 μg/mL against Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, respectively. In the cyclooxygenase test, niloticane possessed activity with IC₅₀ values of 28 and 210 μM against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. IC₅₀ values observed with indomethacin (positive control) were 3.6 μM for COX-1 and 189 μM for COX-2. In the acetylcholinesterase test, niloticane showed anti-cholinesterase activity with an IC₅₀ value of 4 μM. IC₅₀ values obtained by the galanthamine (positive control) was 2.0 μM.

Conclusion

The results obtained support the traditional uses of the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana in African traditional medicine for the treatment of some ailments that relate to microbial diseases, inflammation and central nervous system disorders.     

黄连解毒汤抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜 及与阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用

目的:研究黄连解毒汤抗铜绿假单胞菌牛物被膜及与阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用.方法:微量倍比稀释法测定黄连解毒汤对铜绿假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),棋盘稀释法测定黄连解毒汤和阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用,MTT法测定黄连解毒汤对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的最小抑膜浓度(SMIC),显微镜下观察药物对生物膜形态的影响.结果:黄连解毒汤对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC 100 g·L-1,阿奇霉素200 mg·L-1,两药联合后MIC分别为25 g·L-1和25 mg·L-1抑菌分级指数(FIC)0.1875,提示两药协同作用明显.黄连解毒汤对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的SMIC5.1,3d均为15.6 g·L-1,7 d31.25 g·L-1;SMIC801,3,7d均为250 g·L-1,形态观察提示黄连解毒汤SMIC80浓度对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的抑制作用明显.结论:黄连解毒汤具有抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜作用,与阿奇霉素有协同抗菌作用.     

美洲大蠊脱脂膏及其活性炭脱色物体外抗菌活性研究

目的:探讨美洲大蠊脱脂膏及其活性炭脱色物的体外抗菌作用.对比了美洲大蠊脱脂膏及其活性炭脱色物的抗菌谱和抗菌强弱.方法:美洲大蠊脱脂膏用活性炭脱色后进行冷冻干燥得到固体脱色物,然后用脱脂膏和脱色物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureas)、白色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus albus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、痢疾志贺菌(Shigella dysenteriae)、甲型副伤寒沙门菌(S.paratyphi A)、乙型副伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella paratyphi B)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris),白色念珠菌(Candida albicans),金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923( Staphylococcus aureus),大肠杆菌ATCC25922(Escherichia coli)进行体外抗菌活性研究,测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果:在实验的各菌株中,脱脂膏仅对白色葡萄球菌具有一定抗菌作用,MIC 31.25 g·L-1,对其他11株细菌均无抗菌活性.脱色物对金黄色葡萄球菌25923、白色念珠菌无抗菌活性,对其他10株细菌均有抗菌活性,MIC 15.63 ～250 g·L-1,其中对白色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌抗菌效果较好,MIC分别为15.63,62.5 g·L-1.结论:美洲大蠊中含有抗菌活性成分,脱色物与脱脂膏相比,抗菌效果优于脱脂膏.     

Isolation and characterization of an antibacterial biflavonoid from an African chewing stick Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The use of African chewing sticks in maintaining oral health is widely practiced in African countries. It has been reported that chewing stick users have a lower rate of dental caries and a better general oral health than non-users. It is generally thought that the beneficial effect of chewing stick is attributed to the mechanical cleansing effect and antimicrobial substances present in the stick. However, the active antimicrobial substances remain uncharacterized.

Aim of the study

To provide a scientific basis for the anti-caries effect of African chewing sticks, the authors purify an active antibacterial compound from Garcinia kola Heckel, a Nigerian chewing stick and examined the antibacterial activity of this compound against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and methods

Methanol extract was prepared from Garcinia kola and was further fractionated by solvent extractions. Silica gel chromatography was used to purify the antibacterial compound from the active fraction. The identity of the purified compound was determined by NMR analysis. The antibacterial activity of the purified compound was examined by standard microbiological assays.

Results

The antibacterial activity was found in the ether fraction and the active compound was isolated and determined to be a biflavonoid named GB1. GB1 was active against Streptococcus mutans and other oral bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 32–64 μg/ml. The basis for the antibacterial effect of GB1 was investigated using Streptococcus mutans as the target. At 256 μg/ml, GB1 exhibited some bacteriocidal activity against Streptococcus mutans and induced the aggregation of Streptococcus mutans. GB1 has no apparent effects on protein synthesis and DNA synthesis but inhibited glucose uptake and utilization by Streptococcus mutans suggesting that GB1 exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting metabolism. GB1 also inhibited the formation of water-insoluble glucan by the extracellular glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans in a dose-dependent manner. Streptococcus mutans did not develop resistance to GB1 upon subculturing in the presence of sub-MIC level of the biflavonoid.

Conclusion

The antibacterial effect and glucan synthesis-inhibition property of this biflavonoid may account for some of the beneficial effects reported in the chewing stick users.     

优化施肥对夏枯草果穗干物质及其产量的效应分析

目的:研究氮、磷、钾及有机复合肥不同施肥量对夏枯草果穗干物质及其产量的影响,以期为夏枯草规范化栽培技术的建立提供理论依据.方法:田间小区试验采用四因素二次正交旋转组合设计,建立夏枯草果穗产量的函数模型.结果:通过模型解析,氮、磷、钾对夏枯草果穗产量均有显著影响,其中,氮肥对夏枯草果穗产量影响最大,其次为磷肥、再次钾肥,有机复合肥最小;在低肥力条件下,夏枯草果穗产量均随氮、磷、钾及有机复合肥施用量增加而提高;当氮、磷、钾及有机复合肥施用量过多,则导致果穗产量下降.结论:本试验条件下,夏枯草果穗产量超过为722 kg·hm-2的优化施肥方案为N 303.9 ～335.1 kg·hm-2,P2O5 432.5 ～ 500.6 kg·hm-2,K2O 206.6 ～240.2 kg·hm-2,有机复合肥2 312.5 ～2 687.5 kg·hm-2.     

Cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of an isolated crinine alkaloid from Boophane disticha (Amaryllidaceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Boophane disticha of the family Amaryllidaceae is used traditionally in southern Africa in the treatment of several neurological disorders.

Aim of the study

Although acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity has been reported for this plant, the aim of the study was to identify and characterise the compound responsible for this activity using bioassay guided fractionation. Toxicity of the isolated compound was also assessed.

Materials and methods

Bioassay guided isolation of the active compound from the methanol extract was carried out using column chromatography, TLC and preparative thin layer chromatography. Structural elucidation was carried out using high field 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. AChE inhibitory activity was determined using the Ellman’s colorimetric method. Cytotoxicity assessment was determined in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells using the MTT and neutral red uptake assays.

Results

The data obtained from the integration of the ¹H spectra confirmed the compound to be a 3:1 mixture of two epimers, with epimer A, 6α-hydroxycrinamine as the major epimer. The IC₅₀ value for AChE inhibitory activity of the compound was 445 μM. The compound was observed to be cytotoxic in both the MTT and neutral red assays with IC₅₀ values of 54.5 and 61.7 μM, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study describes for the first time, the isolation of 6-hydroxycrinamine, a crinine alkaloid, from the methanol extract of the bulbs of B. disticha. Although this compound possessed AChE inhibitory activity, it was found to be toxic to the neuroblastoma cells. Quantitative structure–activity relationship studies could be carried out to modify the structure in order to make it less toxic and improve its activity.     

乔木茵芋中的香豆素类化合物及其抗炎活性研究

目的:对乔木茵芋进行了化学成分研究。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱色谱、RP-C18柱色谱等方法分离化学成分,1H,13C-NMR等方法进行结构鉴定;并采用小鼠二甲苯耳肿胀法检测乔木茵芋总提物的抗炎活性。结果:从中分离鉴定了6个香豆素类化合物:伞形花内酯(1),东莨菪内酯(2),东莨菪苷(3),紫花前胡苷元(4),茵芋苷(5),6,7-二甲氧基-香豆素(6);抗炎试验结果显示:乔木茵芋总提物中、高剂量组能明显抑制由二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到,且乔木茵芋在抗炎方面具有进一步研究的价值。     

毛萼獐牙菜化学成分的研究

目的:对龙胆科Gentianaceae獐牙菜属植物毛萼獐牙菜Swertia hispidicalyx Burk.的干燥全草进行化学成分研究.方法:采用各种柱色谱进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据分析( MS,1H-,13C-NMR)进行结构鉴定.结果:从乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离鉴定了11个化合物,其中2个口山酮,2个裂环烯醚萜,2个三萜,2个甾体,以及3个其他类化合物,它们分别鉴定为1,3,5,8-四羟基口山酮(1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone,1),1,5,8-三羟基-3-甲氧基口山酮(1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone,2),龙胆内酯( gentiolactone,3),獐牙菜苦苷(swertiamarin,4),3,4-dihydro-1H,6H,8H-naphtho[1,2-c:4,5-c',d']dipyrano-1,8-dione(5),(+)-丁香脂素[(+)-syringaresinol,6)],松柏醛(trans-coniferyl aldehyde,7),山楂酸(maslinic acid,8),齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,9),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,10),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,11).结论:化合物1～11均为首次从毛萼獐牙菜中分离得到.