高效液相色谱法测定人及兔血浆或血清中α—生育酚

本文介绍用反相高效液相色谱法测定人及兔血浆或血清中α－生育酚，血样用乙醇沉淀蛋白，正己烷溶剂提取后，以Ｃ８化学键合硅胶为固定相，甲醇－水（９６：４，ｖ／ｖ）为流动相，醋酸α－生育酚为内标，在２８５ｎｍ波长定量检测。在１～３０μｇ／ｍｌ波度范围内线性关系良好，最低检测限为０．１μｇ／ｍｌ。对血浆样品的日间（ｎ＝６）及日内（ｎ＝８）测定变异系数分别小于４．２％和１，７％。检测血浆中α－生育酚的回收率为９１．５～１０３．８％。应用本法测定正常人血清中α－生育酚浓度为１２．６７，±３．２μｇ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝２７），并测定观察了兔口服维生素Ｅ后不同时间血浆中浓度变化情况。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定格列甲嗪血浆浓度

应用反相高效液相色谱法测定格列甲嗪血浆浓度。色谱柱为ＯＤＳＣ１８柱，流动相为乙腈─甲醇─水（４０：２０：４０Ｖ／Ｖ），内含０．１％冰醋酸和０．０８％三乙胺。流速０．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，柱温５０℃，检测波长２７５ｎｍ。线性范围在０．０２～１．００μｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９９）。检测下限为０．０１μｇ／ｍｌ。平均回收率为９９．０±２．８％，ＲＳＤ＝２．８２％。日内及日间测定相对标准偏差均小于５％。     

高效液相色谱法测定痛特灵霜中双氯芬酸的含量

本文采用ＨＰＬＣ法，建立了痛特灵霜中双氯芬酸的含量测定方法。用地塞米松为内标，样品加超纯水超声振荡提取后，用０．４５μｍ滤膜滤过，进样１０μｌ，采用国产ＹＷＧ－Ｃ＿（１８）柱分离，甲醇：水：醋酸（８０：２０：２）的混合溶液为流动相，２７５ｎｍ波长处检测。样品保留时间为４．６３ｍｉｎ。标准曲线浓度在０．５～４０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系良好（ｒ＝０．９９９９）。最低检测浓度为０．１２５μｇ／ｍｌ。方法的绝对回收率平均为９８％（ｎ＝６），ＲＳＤ为１．８％。相对回收率平均为９９．８％（ｎ＝６），ＲＳＤ＝１．０％。日内ＲＳＤ为０．５％～１．８％，日间ＲＳＤ为０．８％～６．５％。测定三批样品，平均百分含量为９７．９９％。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中氯胺酮,苯巴比妥和阿托品的浓度

本文采用ＺｏｒｂａｘＣ８色谱柱，甲醇－磷酸盐缓冲液（６９∶３１）为流动相，２２０ｎｍ为检测波长，非那西丁为内标，建立了同时测定人血浆中氯胺酮、苯巴比妥和阿托品浓度的反相高效液相色谱法。本法简便、快速、灵敏、重现性好。氯胺酮、苯巴比妥和阿托品的平均回收率分别为９９．２０％，９９．１３％和９７．６２％；不同浓度水平测定结果的日内和日间相对标准偏差均小于５％；其检测限分别为０．２μｇ／ｍｌ，０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ和０．５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｓ∶Ｎ＝３∶１）。     

HPLC测定血浆中奥美拉唑的浓度

本文采用ＨＰＬＣ测定人血浆中奥美拉唑的浓度、色谱柱为ＵｌｔｒａｓｐｈｅｒｅＯＤＳ４．６×２５０ｍｍ，流动相为甲醇－磷酸盐缓冲液（６０／４０），检测波长为３０２ｎｍ，流速为１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，血浆浓度在０．０２５～１．０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系良好（γ＝０．９９９８），最低检测浓度０．０２５μｇ／ｍｌ，平均回收率１００．５±１．９％。日间、日内ＲＳＤ％均＜４．１％。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定苯巴比妥和卡马西平血药浓度

目的：建立同时测定微量血浆中苯巴比妥和卡马西平浓度的方法。方法：采用ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ法,以艾司唑仑为内标,同时测定微量血浆中苯芭巴比妥和卡马西平浓度。色谱柱ｓｈｉｍａｄｚｕ ｓｈｉｒｍｐａｃｋ ＣＬＣ－Ｃ１８不锈钢柱,流动相为醇－水（６０：４０）,流速０．８ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ＾－１,检测波长２５４ｎｍ。结果：苯巴比妥在４～６０μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内线性良好（ｒ＝０．９９９８）,卡马西平在２～１６μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内线性良好（ｒ＝０．９９９５）,最低检测限分别为１１．５７ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１和４．９２ｎｍ．ｍｌ＾－１,两者高、中、低３种浓度的平均回收率分别为９９．９２％,１０１．３０％,９７．９２％和９９．４１％,１０１．５２％,９８．２２％（ｎ＝９）,日内ＲＳＤ分别为３．１％,２．６％,３．８％和１．９％,１．６     

吗啡、杜冷丁、安定的同步高效液相色谱测定

本文利用高效液相色谱法同时分析测定了血液中吗啡、杜冷丁、安定的浓度。分析柱为Ｃ１８，流动相为：甲醇┐０．０２５ＭＫＨ２ＰＯ４（９０∶１０），检测波长为２８３ｎｍ。样品血液在ｐＨ＝８．５～９．４时，用氯仿：异丙醇（９∶１）提取，氮气吹干后，用流动相溶解进样。线性范围为０．０５～５０μｇ／ｍｌ，最小检出浓度为０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ。日内与日间精密度ＣＶ％小于６％。     

高效液相色谱法测定辅酶Q_(10)制剂的含量

设计辅酶 Ｑ１０制剂的高效液相测定方法。方法：样品用无水乙醇提取，色谱柱为 Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂ Ｃ_(１８)１５０ ｍｍ× ４． ６ ｍｍ ｉ． ｄ． ５ μｍ。流动相为无水乙醇－水（９８：２），检测波长为 ２７５ μｍ。结果：平均回收率为 ９８． ３％，ＲＳＤ为 ０． ９４％（ｎ＝６），线性范围为 ４～４０μｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０． ９９９ ８），最小检测浓度为 １０μｇ／ｍｌ。结论：该法快速、简便、灵敏、准确。     

高效液相色谱法测定软膏中曲安萘德和水杨酸含量

目的：建立一种快速的用高效液相色谱法测定曲安萘德（ＴＡ）和水杨酸（ＳＡ）的含量。方法：使用Ｃ１８色谱柱,流动相为甲醇∶水（６０∶４０Ｖ／Ｖ）,检测波长为２４０ｎｍ及２９０ｎｍ。结果：方法在７ｍｉｎ内完成测定,其中水杨酸在８～２４μｇ·ｍｌ－１浓度范围内,ｒ＝０．９９９５,ＲＳＤ＝０．４９％,回收率为９９．７％～１００．３％;曲安萘德在６．２５～５０μｇ·ｍｌ－１浓度范围内,ｒ＝０．９９９８,ＲＳＤ＝０．４７％,回收率为９９．４％～９９．８％。结论：方法可行快速准确地检测软膏中的曲安萘德和水杨酸含量     

高效液相色谱法测定四逆散胶囊中芍药甙和甘草酸的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法分别测定四逆散胶囊中芍药甙和甘草酸的含量测定方法。方法：用ＯＤｓ柱，以甲醇—水（４０：６０）为流动相，检测波长２３０ｎｍ，流量０．６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ测定芍药甙；以甲醇—水—冰醋酸（６８：３２：１）为流动相，检测波长２４９ｎｍ，流量０．６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ测定甘草酸。结果：芍药甙；线性范围：０．６３—０．９５μｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９３），平均回收率９８．８％，ＲＳＤ为０．９％；甘草酸：线性范围：１．１２７—１．６９１μｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９４），平均回收率１０２．０％，ＲＳＤ为２．７％。结论：本法简便、灵敏、准确。     

Therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract in the management of human diseases

IntroductionPapaya (Carica papaya Linn.) belongs to the family Caricaceae and is well known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties all over the world. The different parts of the papaya plant have been used since ancient times for its therapeutic applications. Herein, we aimed to review the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antiviral activities of papaya leaf.MethodsAll information presented in this review article regarding the therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases, including Scopus, Google scholar, Web of science, and PubMed. The keywords Carica papaya, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and phytochemicals were explored until December 2019.ResultsThe papaya plant, including fruit, leaf, seed, bark, latex, and their ingredients play a major role in the management of disease progression. Carica papaya leaf contains active components such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its medicinal activity. Additionally, the leaf juice of papaya increases the platelet counts in people suffering from dengue fever.ConclusionThe major findings revealed that papaya leaf extract has strong medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, clinical trials are needed to explore the medicative potential of papaya leaf. Graphical abstractOpen in a separate windowGraphical abstract showing the medicinal properties of Carica papaya leaf     

环丙沙星治疗急性细菌性痢疾29例临床疗效观察

食源性急性菌例２９例中２８例大便培养为弗氏２ａ志贺氏菌。经２天吡哌酸加ＴＭＰ短程快速治疗，２９例无一例治愈。依据药敏试验改用环丙沙星治疗，其中１１例感染严重者先予静脉点滴，每１２小时２００ｍｇ，１￣２天，症状好转即改口服，每１２小时２５０ｍｇ。另１８例口服，疗程均为４天。用药后，平均退热时间１．３２天，大便次数恢复正常时间平均２．１０天，大便常规正常时间平均２．８６天，２８例大便培养阳性者，平均阴     

自由基对爪蟾卵母细胞表达的大白鼠脑皮层谷氨酸受体和5－羟色胺受体的作用

采用爪蟾卵母细胞和黄嘌呤氧化酶一次黄嘌呤反应系统研究了自由基对大白鼠脑皮层谷氨酸受体和５－羟色胺受体的作用。自由基抑制谷氨酸和５－羟色胺引起的去极化反应，但不影响膜的被动电学参数。自由基对受体的作用表现为去极化幅度下降及半衰退时间缩短；去极化的潜伏期和上升时间延长（Ｐ＜０．００１或Ｐ＜００１），说明白由基作用于移植到卵母细胞膜上的受体，抑制了谷氨酸和５－羟色胺引起的去极化反应。提示在本实验条件下，神经递质受体自由基作用的敏感性高于卵母细胞的质膜。此标本适于研究自由基对神经递质受体的作用。     

Effects of steroids on beta-adrenergic binding sites in sheep pineal glands

As an initial step in investigations of putative differences between central nervous system light-sensitive mechanisms in seasonally shedding and non-shedding breeds of sheep, some beta-adrenoceptor characteristics of Merino sheep pineal glands were determined, using [3H]dihydroalprenolol as the labelled ligand. Overall, a dissociation constant of 17.2 +/- 2.6 nmoles/l and a daytime beta-receptor density of 1.6 +/- 0.3 pmoles/mg were determined at 37 degrees. The binding sites exhibited stereospecificity, saturability and apparent homogeneity. 17 beta-Estradiol and progesterone implants that provided hormone concentrations in the physiological range had no significant effect on pineal beta-receptors in male sheep castrated shortly after birth. Dexamethasone injections, on the other hand, in doses sufficient to loosen the attachment of wool fibres to the skin, resulted in decreased pineal beta-receptor density and increased receptor affinity for dihydroalprenolol. This effect was apparently not mediated by altered plasma catecholamine concentrations, since the glucocorticoid treatment did not affect jugular venous noradrenaline, adrenaline or dopamine levels. The possible involvement of glucocorticoids in the regulation of wool growth could thus have a central neuronal component, medicated via action on pineal beta-adrenoceptors in sheep; however, the existence of the putative gonadal steroid feedback on beta-adrenoceptor-mediated pineal function remains to be demonstrated in this species.     

Changes in tissue cyclic AMP concentrations following an intravenous lethal dose of cholera enterotoxin in rabbits

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a generalized increase in tissue cAMP concentrations after an i.v. injection of cholera enterotoxin may play a role in the development of biochemical and pathological changes leading to death. Dutch rabbits were injected i.v. with highly purified cholera enterotoxin at a dose of 100 or 200 μg/kg. When death appeared imminent (20–30 hr after inoculation), rabbits were anesthetized; plasma, urine, and 13 different tissue samples were obtained for cAMP determinations. Enterotoxin (200 μg/kg) produced significant increases in cAMP concentrations in lung, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, renal cortex, renal medulla and liver, whereas a lower dose (100 μg/kg) had no effect on cAMP levels in any tissue. The elevation of cAMP values in selected tissues suggests differences in tissue sensitivity to cholera enterotoxin; the data fail to support in toto the proposed hypothesis.     

天麻3个不同变型遗传关系的SRAP分析

目的 从分子水平上分析对比天麻的3个不同变型,探索其种内变异,为资源保护和良种选育奠定基础.方法 采用SRAP分子标记分析天麻3个不同变型的遗传关系.结果 筛选出7对SRAP引物,用PCR扩增11批天麻样品,得到145条清晰的带,其中110条具有多态性,多态百分率为75.86％;通过Nei&Li遗传相似系数(GS)计算,11批天麻的种质两两间的相似系数分布在0.36 ～ 0.93;UPGMA聚类分析将乌天麻聚为一类,红天麻与绿天麻聚为一类.结论 天麻的3个不同变型中,绿天麻和红天麻的亲缘关系较近,而乌天麻与前两者的遗传差异较大,亲缘关系较远.     

白茅根化学及药理研究进展

白茅根为中医传统常用中药，用作利尿和抗炎剂．本文对白茅根的化学和药理研究进展进行了综述，包括晚近自该中药中分得一些重要的化学成分如三萜类化合物、内酯、甾醇及有机酸等，以及有关其止血、利尿、抗菌和抗肝炎等活性研究．     

地枫皮,假地枫皮,大八角3种植物挥发油化学成分对比分析

本文用毛细管气相色谱、气相色谱／质谱／计算机等现代仪器分析技术，对地以、假地枫皮，大八角３种植物以挥发油化学成分进行了对比分析研究，用毛细管色谱从这３种植物挥发油中各分离出８０多个以上的组分，共确认了其中的４５种成分，所鉴定的 分均占各挥发油色谱总馏出锋面积的８０％以上。研究结果表明，这３种植物挥发油存在着较大的差异。     

Co-operativity in the cyclic model for drug-receptor interaction

The cyclic model for drug-receptor interaction predicts a hyperbolic relationship between response and concentration provided that the drug equilibrates instantaneously with the receptors. It is shown theoretically that if equilibration is not very much faster than desensitization and recovery, the response-concentration relationship appears to exhibit negative co-operativity. On the other hand, if the drug also diffuses relatively slowly to the receptors the relationship may appear to exhibit positive co-operativity.