黄芪多糖对烧伤小鼠细胞免疫功能的作用

应用小鼠烧伤模型，对黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）的免疫增强作用进行了体内外研究。结果表明：体内应用ＡＰＳ（２５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，ｑｄ，连续５ｄ），可明显提高烧伤小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞转化，ＩＬ－２的产生及ＩＬ－２Ｒ的表达；体外分别应用５０、１００、２５０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的黄芪多糖，发现其可纠正烧伤小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞转化，ＩＬ－２的产生及ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达的受抑状态，并促进巨噬细胞产生ＩＬ－１，抑制ＰＧＥ２合成，且呈剂量依赖关系；体外去除烧伤小鼠脾细胞中的巨噬细胞后，ＡＰＳ对Ｔ淋巴细胞转化，ＩＬ－２产生及ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达的调节作用消失。提示ＡＰＳ对烧伤小鼠的免疫调节作用依赖于巨噬细胞，通过调节其分泌ＩＬ－１，抑制ＰＧＥ２合成，而促进ＩＬ－２产生及ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达，进而增强Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖。     

丹皮总苷体外对三类免疫细胞功能的影响

目的研究丹皮总苷（ＴＧＭ）体外对３类免疫细胞功能的影响。方法采用［３Ｈ］－ＴｄＲ参入法,检测Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应和分泌白介素２（ＩＬ－２）活性,Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖反应以及巨噬细胞产生ＩＬ－１。结果ＴＧＭ２～５０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１可明显促进刀豆蛋白Ａ诱导小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应和大鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２,ＴＧＭ还可促进脂多糖诱导Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖反应以及大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生ＩＬ－１,它们的浓度－效应曲线呈钟罩形。结论ＴＧＭ具有浓度依赖性双向免疫调节作用。     

盐藻β—胡萝卜素的免疫药理研究：II对T淋巴细胞增殖及T淋巴细胞亚…

采用植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）诱导Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率和单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光技术，分析了盐藻β－胡萝卜素（β－Ｃ）对Ｔ淋巴细胞的增殖及Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的作用，结果表明，β－Ｃ对ＰＨＡ诱导的Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖有明显促进作用，对环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）抑制的Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率能明显升高；β－Ｃ能明显提高正常小鼠和免疫能力低下小鼠Ｌ３Ｔ４细胞的百分率，使Ｌ３Ｔ４／Ｌｙｔ－２的比值升高，大剂量可对抗ＣＴＸ的作用，降低Ｌｙｔ－２     

地黄多糖b的免疫抑瘤作用及其机理

从地黄中提取分离的多糖成分地黄多糖b(RPS-b),ip或ig给药抑制实体瘤S180的生长,ip给药对Lewis肺癌,B16黑素瘤和H22肝癌亦有效,最适有效剂量都在20mg·kg~(-1)体外实验证明,RPS-b对S180和HL60细胞生长均无明显的直接细胞毒作用.RPS-b在发挥抑瘤作用过程中,能提高S180荷瘤小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞的增殖能力,并较长时间维持在较高水平;也能部分阻碍瘤株对脾脏天然杀伤细胞(NK)活力的抑制作用.说明RPS-b是一种免疫抑瘤的活性成份,其抑瘤作用是依赖于机体防御系统而间接产生的,增强机体的细胞免疫功能是其作用的重要机理     

牛膝多糖对T淋巴细胞和天然杀伤细胞功能的影响

牛膝多糖（ＡＢＰ）是从中药牛膝根中分离得到的一种有效成分。ＡＢＰ５０－８００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１在体外增强天然杀伤（ＮＫ）细胞活性和促进伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）诱导的肿瘤坏死因子－β（ＴＮＦ－β）产生；但不能提高ＣｏｎＡ诱导的Ｔ淋已细胞增殖反应和白介素２的产生．ＡＢＰ５０及１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ｉｐ明显提高正常小鼠ＮＫ细胞活性和ＴＮＦ─β生成，增强二硝基氟苯诱导的迟发型超敏反应和对抗环磷酰胺对ＮＫ活性的抑制作用。但对ＣｏｎＡ诱导的Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应和白介素２的产生无明显影响。表明ＡＢＰ对Ｔ淋巴细胞功能的影响是有选择性的．ＡＢＰ对ＮＫ细胞的杀伤活性的增强作用是明显的．     

10－羟基－2－癸烯酸对小鼠T淋巴细胞及其亚型和白介素2产生的影响

观察了１０－羟基－２－癸烯酸（１０－ＨＤＡ）对小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞及其亚型和白介素２产生的影响．结果表明，１０－ＨＤＡ１，５，２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｉｐ，５ｄ可拮抗环磷酰胺１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１对小鼠迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）的抑制作用．体外给药，１０－ＨＤＡ可促进刀豆球蛋白Ａ诱导的Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应；促进小鼠脾细胞产生白介素２．采用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法证明１０－ＨＤＡ可增加小鼠胸腺Ｌ３Ｔ＋４细胞数，而对Ｌｙｔ－２＋细胞无明显影响．结果提示１０－ＨＤＡ可调节Ｔ淋巴细胞参与的免疫反应．     

地黄多糖b对荷肉瘤180小鼠T-淋巴细胞的作用(英文)

目的:探讨地黄多糖(RGP-b)的作用机制. 方法:在RGP-b产生抑瘤作用的9 d过程中,观察它对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果:RGP-b 10或20 mg kg在d-9扭转细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞(CTL)活力的下降和部分改善IL-2分泌能力的衰落.对lyt-2 亚群及CTL活力的作用呈同步且始终使L3T4 :lyt-2 亚群间的比值低于对照组. 结论:增强lyt-2 CTL对肿瘤的杀伤能力是RGP-b免疫抑瘤的重要机制.     

维生素E对创伤小鼠淋巴细胞功能的调节作用及机制

研究了维生素Ｅ对创伤小鼠淋巴细胞功能的调节作用及机制。结果显示：ＶＥ体内应用（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ－１，ｉ·ｍ×４ｄ）对创伤小鼠淋巴细胞白介素２（ＩＬ－２）ｍＲＮＡ、ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）ｍＲＮＡ水平，ＩＬ－２的生成，ＩＬ－２Ｒ的表达以及Ｔ淋巴细胞转化具有明显的升高作用。可明显逆转创伤小鼠血清及淋巴组织中ＶＥ含量的降低，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的升高以及淋巴细胞膜流动性的降低。并可改善创伤小鼠淋巴组织的损害。结果表明：ＶＥ可通过降低创伤小鼠的脂质过氧化反应，保护淋巴细胞膜，进而纠正创伤后淋巴细胞功能的受抑状态。     

海藻硫酸多糖对正常及免疫低下鼠的免疫调节作用

海藻硫酸多糖可增强正常小鼠体内外淋巴细胞增殖反庆，促进小鼠体内淋巴细胞产生白介素２，巨噬细胞产生白介素１，对正常小鼠自然杀伤细胞活性和溶血素生成等较好的促进作用，对由环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠的淋巴细胞增殖反庆，迟发型超敏反应及溶血素生成有较好的恢复作用。     

维生素E对创伤小鼠T细胞功能以及脂质过氧化和膜流动性的影响

观察了创伤小鼠Ｔ细胞丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、膜流动性、Ｔ细胞功能的变化以及维生素Ｅ（Ｖ－Ｅ）的治疗作用。结果显示，创伤后Ｔ细胞ＭＤＡ含量增加；Ｔ细胞质膜，线粒体膜及微粒体膜流动性降低；Ｔ淋巴细胞转化、白介素２（ＩＬ－２）的产生、ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）的表达以及ＩＬ－２介导的淋巴细胞增殖反应均受抑。这些变化同ＭＤＡ的改变均密切相关。Ｖ－Ｅ（５０或１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，ｉｍ×４ｄ）可明显逆转各指标的变化。表明创伤后脂质过氧化反应是导致Ｔ细胞膜流动性降低及Ｔ细胞功能受抑的重要原因，而Ｖ－Ｅ则具有明显的治疗效果。     

氯苯扎利钠对小鼠T淋巴细胞及其亚型的影响

本文报道了氯苯扎利钠（ＣＣＡ）对小鼠淋巴细胞转化及对迟发性超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）的影响。结果表明，ＣＣＡ２５，５０，１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｉｇ，５一８ｄ对环磷酰胺（Ｃｙ，２５０和８０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）诱导的小鼠ＤＴＨ反应增高或降低呈双向调节作用。ＣＣＡ对由伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ。脂多糖诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应有增强作用。进而通过单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法证明ＣＣＡ（５０，１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）使小鼠Ｌｙｔ－２＋细胞数增多，降低Ｌ３Ｔ４＋／Ｌｙｔ一２＋比值。     

跨膜型超抗原金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A融合蛋白的抗肿瘤作用

目的　为扩大超抗原金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)的抗瘤谱 ,制备跨膜型SEA融合蛋白 ,研究该蛋白制备的肿瘤疫苗的抗肿瘤作用。方法　在荷B16黑色素瘤的C5 7BL/ 6小鼠上 ,观察跨膜型SEA融合蛋白制备的肿瘤疫苗对荷瘤小鼠的免疫治疗作用和免疫保护作用 ,并通过乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)释放法检测治疗组和免疫组小鼠脾细胞的天然杀伤细胞(NK)和细胞毒性T细胞 (CTL)活性。结果　融合蛋白制备的肿瘤疫苗能够显著抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长 ,并延长其生存期 ,其脾细胞的NK和CTL活性显著增强。同时 ,该肿瘤疫苗对同种肿瘤细胞攻击可产生较强的免疫保护作用。结论　跨膜型SEA融合蛋白制备的肿瘤疫苗具有显著的抗肿瘤作用 ,可有效激发荷瘤小鼠机体的特异性和非特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答 ,增强CTL和NK活性。     

In vitro induction of T cells that are resistant to A2 adenosine receptor-mediated immunosuppression

Background and purpose:

The increased levels of extracellular adenosine in inflamed tissues down-regulate activated immune cells via the A_2A adenosine receptor. This A_2A adenosine receptor-mediated immunosuppression is a disqualifying obstacle in cancer immunotherapy as it protects cancerous tissues from adoptively transferred anti-tumour T cells. The aim of this study was to test whether the negative selection of T cells will produce T cells that are resistant to inhibition by extracellular adenosine.

Experimental approach:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were developed by mixed lymphocyte culture in the presence or absence of the adenosine receptor agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA). The sensitivity of CTL to adenosine analogues was characterized by cAMP induction, interferon-γ production and cytotoxicity.

Key results:

CTL that could proliferate even in the presence of NECA were less susceptible to inhibition by A_2A adenosine receptor agonists, as shown by a much smaller accumulation of cAMP and less inhibition of interferon-γ production compared with control CTL. The successful protocol to produce CTL that are both resistant to adenosine-mediated immunosuppression and maintain strong cytotoxicity and interferon-γ secretion required NECA to be added only during the expansion stage after the establishment of CTL. In contrast, the priming of resting T cells in the presence of NECA resulted in T cells with impaired effector functions.

Conclusions and implications:

Adenosine-resistant effector T cells were successfully obtained by exposure of activated T cells to NECA. These in vitro studies form the basis for future attempts to produce anti-tumour T cells that are more effective in adoptive immunotherapy.     

IL-2-PE40对免疫活性T细胞的影响

目的研究ＩＬ－２－ＰＥ４０对免疫活性Ｔ细胞的影响。方法采用ＣｏｎＡ刺激的淋巴细胞增殖试验、混合淋巴细胞培养（ＭＬＣ）及细胞毒试验。结果ＩＬ－２－ＰＥ４０对ＣｏｎＡ诱导的小鼠脾细胞有十分强的细胞毒性，能选择性地抑制ＭＬＣ中抗原活化的Ｔ细胞活性，保留未活化Ｔ细胞对ＣｏｎＡ诱导的丝裂原反应，在培养ｄ３加入ＩＬ－２－ＰＥ４０比培养开始时加入对ＭＬＣ抑制作用强。结论ＩＬ－２－ＰＥ４０能够高度选择性抑制免疫活性Ｔ细胞，是ＩＬ－２Ｒ靶向治疗中具有潜力的一种免疫抑制剂。     

Functional alterations in CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells in mice injected with allogeneic tumor cells and treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure results in an increased percentage of CD11b(+) (Mac-1(+)) cells in the spleens of mice challenged with P815 tumor cells, coincident with a failure of the mice to generate allospecific CD8(+) CTL activity. Since CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid suppressor cells (MSC) have been described as that which prevent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) development in a variety of disease states, we hypothesized that TCDD promoted MSC development, leading to suppression of CTL activity. The purpose of the present studies was to compare the phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD11b(+) cells in vehicle- and TCDD-treated mice during the P815 tumor allograft response to determine their potential to function as MSC. Initial studies showed that virtually all splenic CD11b(+) cells in both vehicle- and TCDD-treated mice co-expressed Gr-1. Consistent with MSC activity, CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells isolated from TCDD- but not vehicle-treated mice suppressed the development of CTL activity when added in vitro to mixed lymphocyte-P815 tumor cell cultures. Also consistent with MSC activity, this suppressive effect in vitro required cell-to-cell contact. Surprisingly, however, in vivo depletion of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells failed to affect TCDD-induced suppression of the CTL response, arguing against an immunoregulatory role for the cells in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of the spleen showed that CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells were localized in the red pulp, and physically separated from the T cells in the white pulp. The localization of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells in the red pulp was indicative of extramedullary myelopoiesis and suggested that TCDD enhanced myelopoiesis. A significantly enhanced neutrophilia in the blood of TCDD-treated mice supported this conclusion. CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells isolated from the blood or spleen of TCDD-treated mice produced up to fivefold higher levels of superoxide following PMA stimulation when compared with cells from vehicle-treated mice. However, unlike vehicle-treated mice, CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells from TCDD-treated mice were unable to kill YAC-1 target cells. These results indicate that TCDD exposure alters the host response to allogeneic tumor growth, resulting in enhanced myelopoiesis perhaps as a compensatory response to the suppressed T cell-mediated immunity in the face of an increasing P815 tumor burden. Furthermore, within the context of the P815 response, TCDD appears to alter the functional capabilities of mature neutrophils, by enhancing their oxidative burst capacity but reducing their tumoricidal response.     

白芍总甙对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞功能和脾细胞增殖反应的影响

本文研究了白芍总甙（ＴＧＰ）对大鼠佐剂性关节炎（ＡＡ）滑膜细胞功能以及脾淋已细胞增殖反应的影响及其作用机理。结果表明，ＴＧＰ５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×１０ｄｉｇ可使ＡＡ大鼠滑膜细胞过度分泌白介素１，肿癌坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）和前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）的功能恢复正常，继而下调滑膜成纤维细胞的增殖；吲哚美辛２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×１０ｄｉｇ抑制ＰＧＥ２产生，但增加ＡＡ大鼠滑膜细胞分泌白介素１与ＴＮＦ，从而促进滑膜成纤维细胞的增殖。ＴＧＰ５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×１０ｄｉｇ恢复ＡＡ大鼠脾细胞过低的伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）增殖反应与其下调巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮和ＰＧＥ２有关；体外实验亦证明，高浓度（０．４——６．４ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）ＴＧＰ负调节脾细胞ＣｏｎＡ增殖反应与其促进巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮和ＰＧＥ２有关。     

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response induced by an improved synthetic lipopeptide vaccine against cervical cancer

AIM: To explore cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response induced by the lipopeptide vaccine against cervical cancer. METHODS: The immunological effect inducing CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was investigated in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 transgenic mice and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy HLA-A2.1+blood donor. The activity of specific CTL was measured by using a standard 4 h( 51)Cr release assay. The content of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I on T2 cells and the expression of immune molecules on dendritic cells (DC) were detected by flow cytometry, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-gamma were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The lipopeptide induced a strong epitope-specific CTL response both in vivo (transgenic mice) and in vitro (human PBMC). This CTL induction was critically dependent on the presence of the helper T lymphocyte epitope in transgenic mice, and the presence of a lipid tail bypassed the need for an adjuvant. The stability and persistence of the antigenic complex formed with the lipopeptide increased in comparison with the CTL parental peptide. The lipopeptide could induce the production of IL-12 in DC, but not the maturation of DC directly. CONCLUSION: The combination of CTL and the T helper epitope and lipid molecule can remarkably improve the immunogenicity of the CTL peptide, the mechanism of which is associated with an increase in the stability and persistence of the antigenic complex formed with the lipopeptide and in the production of IL-12 in DC induced by the lipopeptide. The lipopeptide can be considered a more effective vaccine type for human being.