膀胱全切术后两种流出道术式比较

目的：探讨膀胱全切术后,原位膀胱和Bricker膀胱两种尿流改道方式的优缺点。方法回顾性分析2007年7月～2012年7月共30例膀胱全切尿流改道患者的临床资料。年龄35～72岁,平均（62±9）岁。原位膀胱11例,Bricker膀胱19例,对比其手术时间、术后恢复时间、术后并发症出现情况、术后生活质量及术后护理情况。结果 Bricker膀胱术及原位回肠膀胱术在手术时间、术后肠道恢复时间及手术出血量上差异无统计学意义;原位膀胱在生活质量及术后护理上优于Bricker膀胱（P＜0.05）。结论在严格选择适应证的基础上,应先选择回肠原位代膀胱术,有利于改善患者生活质量;Bricker膀胱术作为全膀胱切除后尿流改道的次选术式。     

回肠膀胱术与输尿管乙状结肠尿流改道术的比较及术后并发症探讨

目的：探讨膀胱肿瘤患者膀胱全切术后行回肠膀胱术与输尿管乙状结肠尿流改道术的疗效及术后并发症的比较。方法：分析75例膀胱肿瘤患者行膀胱全切术后采用回肠膀胱术36例与输尿管乙状结肠尿流改道39例的临床资料,就两种术式手术时间、术中出血量、平均住院日、术后并发症等指标进行比较分析。结果：回肠膀胱术组手术操作时间大于输尿管乙状结肠尿流改道术组,术后并发症发生率明显降低、3年内生存率有显著差异。结论：回肠膀胱术在远期并发症及提高患者生存率方面明显优于输尿管乙状结肠尿流改道术。前者简单易行,易于掌握,术后并发症少,临床效果肯定。     

膀胱全切术后不同尿流改道治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的研究

目的探讨分析全膀胱切除术后4种尿流改道术式的临床效果。方法回顾性分析73例膀胱癌患者膀胱全切除后不同尿流改道术,其中输尿管皮肤造口术12例,回肠膀胱术(Bricker)41例,原位新膀胱术(Studer)11例,Sigma直肠膀胱术9例。对4组患者在出血量、手术时间、术后平均住院天数、术后并发症发生率等方面的情况进行统计学比较分析。结果回肠膀胱术组的手术时间、手术出血量比其它组多,输尿管皮肤造口术组的手术时间、术后平均住院天数少于其它组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。原位新膀胱术组与Sigma直肠膀胱术组在手术时间、出血量、术后平均住院天数等方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论膀胱全切术后4种尿流改道方式各有优、缺点,应根据患者的个体情况选择合适的手术方式。     

根治性膀胱全切术后尿流改道术式的选择分析

目的分析根治陛膀胱全切术后尿流改道术式的选择标准及临床疗效。方法选择2005年3月-2012年11月在该院进行根治性膀胱全切术后尿流改道患者70例,行回肠膀胱术39例,行回肠新膀胱术31例,分析两种尿流改道术适应症及并发症。结果70例围手术期无死亡,回肠膀胱术后见并发症7例,回肠新膀胱术后见并发症6例。术后复查无尿道肿瘤复发。结论原位新膀胱术患者生活质量高于非可控性尿流改道术患者,但在临床上,需要根据患者实际情况选择尿流改道术,从最大程度上减少患者术后并发症发生。     

膀胱全切术后常用尿流改道术式

目的 探讨膀胱成形术的手术方式。方法 对膀胱癌患者施行膀胱全切及尿流改道术式。结果 去带盲结肠原位膀胱术有较多的优点。结论 该术式符合生理排尿，并且有良好的可控性，低压，大容量，抗反流，是膀胱替代及尿流分流较理想的术式之一。     

原位膀胱的尿流动力学概述

根治性膀胱切除加尿流改道是浸润性膀胱癌的标准治疗,是提高浸润性膀胱癌患者生存率、避免局部复发和远处转移的有效治疗方法。膀胱全切原位膀胱使患者尿流从原尿道可控排出,膀胱功能接近生理状态,大大提高了患者的生活质量。目前膀胱全切原位膀胱术式是膀胱全切、尿流改道术中应用最为广泛的术式之一。原位膀胱替代物有胃、回肠、回盲肠、乙状结肠等。建立低压、大容量、顺应性好及稳定性高的储尿囊是关系到术后疗效的一个重要方面。现就各种不同原位膀胱术、不同材料的储尿囊的尿动力学特点作一概述。     

根治性膀胱全切术的围手术期护理

膀胱癌是泌尿系最常见的肿瘤，根治性膀胱全切、尿流改道术是治疗膀胱癌常见的手术方法之一，该术式可避免肿瘤复发、延长寿命。然而，根治性膀胱全切术范围广、创伤大，且多数为老年人，全身营养状况较差，故手术耐受性差，危险性高，术后易发生并发症。因此，做好围手术期周到细致的护理是手术成功的重要保证。2003年1月-2005年8月，笔者对12例根治性膀胱全切、尿流改道术的患者，在着重做好基础护理的同时，加强了对术后并发症的预防和护理，效果满意，现报告如下。     

回肠膀胱术与原位回肠新膀胱术的临床比较研究

 目的 探讨分析全膀胱切除术后2种尿流改道术式的临床效果及并发症。方法 回顾分析我科从2003年05月至2009年12月间126例膀胱癌全膀胱切除患者（其中行回肠膀胱术45 例,原位回肠新膀胱术81 例）的临床资料、手术近、远期并发症,并进行比较研究。结果 回肠膀胱术组的尿瘘、不全肠梗阻、手术时间、平均住院天数、对上尿路的损害及围手术期死亡率均明显低于原位回肠新膀胱术组,差异均具有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论 回肠膀胱术与原位回肠新膀胱术都是较好的膀胱全切术后尿流改道方式,但回肠膀胱术因操作相对简单、并发症少,应为高龄及合并基础疾病患者的优先选择。     

可控膀胱术术后护理

膀胱肿瘤全膀胱切除、尿流改道是泌尿外科复杂且历时较长的手术。为提高全膀胱切除术后患者的生活质量 ,目前国内各医院多采用可控性尿流改道术 ,即用回、盲肠做成贮尿囊 ,另用一段肠管做成具有活瓣功能的输出段并行腹壁造口[1] 。但是由于活瓣的取材长短、部位等诸多原因 ,仍存在排尿控制不良 ,给患者带来生活不便。近几年 ,我院采取膀胱全切、阑尾腹壁造瘘回结肠可控膀胱术 ,有效地解决了膀胱全切尿流改道后尿液控制不良的缺点。术后患者即不需要集尿袋 ,更不需持续留置尿管 ,膀胱容量可达 40 0～ 80 0ｍｌ,仅需从阑尾腹壁造口定时插管排…     

膀胱全切术后常用尿流改道术式

目的　探讨膀胱成形术的手术方式。方法　对膀胱癌患者施行膀胱全切及尿流改道术式。结果　去带盲结肠原位膀胱术有较多的优点。结论　该术式符合生理排尿 ,并且有良好的可控性 ,低压、大容量、抗反流 ,是膀胱替代及尿液分流较理想的术式之一     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.