磨工粉尘对接尘工人肺功能影响的调查

目的 比较磨工粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响.方法 对147名磨工粉尘作业工人和89名对照组进行了通气功能测定.结果 接触组的VC、FVC、MMEF、FEY1.0、FEY1.0/FVC%等指标的实测值及实测值占预计值的比值均校对照组低,且多具有统计学意义.结论 长期接触磨工粉尘可引起肺通气功能的改变.     

济南市某厂石灰石粉尘作业场所粉尘及其对接尘工人肺功能损伤情况调查

[目的]了解石灰石粉尘对肺通气功能的危害,为制订防护措施提供科学依据。[方法]2007年,在济南市市属某大型工厂石灰石生产车间,对360名作业场所进行空气中粉尘检测,对360名接尘工人进行肺通气功能测定与呼吸道症状罹患情况调查,并与360名对照人员比较。[结果]作业场所粉尘最高浓度,粉料仓库为7.4 mg/m3,其他工序均超过8 h时间加权平均浓度容许的最高浓度8 mg/m3。胸闷、气促、咳嗽、咳痰罹患率接尘组均高于对照组(P<0.01);肺通气功能的各项指标(VC、FVC、MVV、FEV1.0、FEV1.0%、MMEF)接尘组均低于对照组(P<0.01或<0.05)。[结论]长期从事石灰石作业可对肺功能造成损害。     

生产性皮毛粉尘对接尘工人肺功能急性影响的研究

地某皮毛厂９３名接尘工人与１０１名对照工人进行了班前、班中肺功能测定的比较分析。接尘组工人班中测定的肺功能平均值多较班前为低，其中男工的ＭＭＦ、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等指标的差值具有统计学意义。与对照组相比，接尘组男工的ＭＭＦ、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等指标班中与班前差的平均值具有非常显著意义的差别；接尘组工人肺功能急性改变率较对照组明显增高，其中ＦＶＣ、ＭＭＦ与Ｖ５０具有非常显著的意义。     

烟叶复烤厂粉尘对接尘工人呼吸系统影响的研究

本文对某烟叶复烤厂进行了劳动卫生学调查，对３０１名接尘工人与３２３名对照工人进行了呼吸系统症状的调查与肺功能检测。该厂作业现场粉尘几何平均浓度波动范围１２．７８～２３．８５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，粉尘中游离ＳｉＯ２含量为２．４２～１０．７８％。与对照组相比，接尘工人呼吸系统症状的阳性率明显增高，ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５等肺功能指标明显下降，肺功能异常率显著增高，多数指标具有显著性差异。接尘工     

烟叶复烤厂粉尘对接尘工人肺功能急性影响的研究

本文对某烟叶复烤厂１０５名接尘工人与同一地区不接触尘毒的１０１名对照工人进行了班前、班中肺功能测定的比较分析。接尘组男女工人班中测定的ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＭＭＦ、Ｖ５０平均值较班前明显降低，其差值具有显著或非常显著的意义。与对照组相比，接尘组男女工人肺功能各项指标的异常急性改变率明显增高，具有显著或非常显著的统计学意义。接尘组班前测定的肺功能各项指标实测值占预计值％均较对照组为低，其中男工的ＦＶＣ与     

硅藻土粉尘对接尘工人的危害

利用现场劳动卫生学、职业流行病学方法及接尘工人健康检查, 对硅藻土粉尘对接尘工人的健康危害进行了调查, 发现其可对接尘工人身体产生危害, 甚至发生尘肺。     

磨工粉尘对作业工人肺功能影响的研究

磨工为机械工业的金属部件研磨和抛光的一道工序,多用刚玉砂轮或金刚砂轮,在磨床上进行研磨时可产生一定的粉尘。磨工尘肺为尘肺的一种,有关从事磨工作业工人的肺功能改变的报道尚不多见。本文通过对本市某厂磨工车间工人肺功能的测定,了解磨工工人肺功能改变情况,为保护作业者健康提供科学依据。 一、对象和方法 1.对象 接触组为某厂磨工车间既往未接触过其它粉尘的男性工人147名,平均年龄为42.7岁(19～52岁),平均工龄17年。对照组选择劳动强度与之相似,不接触粉尘的男性工人89名,年龄平     

谷糠尘对工人健康影响的调查及实验研究

谷糠尘对工人健康影响的调查及实验研究南宁市卫生防疫站（５３００１１）邓国义，陈天信，何景美谷糠尘是一种植物性粉尘，它对作业工人的健康危害，已日益引起重视。为了解谷物加工中所产生的粉尘对工人健康的影响，研究谷糠粉尘的危害性，我们对南宁市某大米厂进行了劳...     

废品回收作业粉尘对工人健康影响的调查

本文对废品回收作业粉尘的职业危害进行了调查。结果表明,按尘组的X线胸片有31%出现肺纹理改变,小气道功能各项指标如FEF25—75%、FEF75—85%、MTT、MTT_(P8)、MгT_(P9)等与对照组比较均明显降低或延长。     

谷物粉尘对接尘工人呼吸系统影响的调查

本文对沈阳市某粮库进行了一次现场卫生学调查和接尘工人流行病学调查，发现该库生产环境空气中粉尘浓度超过国家标准．焦磷酸重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO2含量均在10％以上。接尘工人各种呼吸道症状阳性率较高，慢性支气管炎患病率为29．30％(吸烟者为30．50％，不吸烟者为22．45％)，谷物热发病率为15．61%。接尘工人FVC、V75、V50。和V25的异常率均非常显著地高于对照组。急性肺功能改变．接尘工龄不足10年组较10年以上组更明显，38例胸片无一例可诊断为尘肺。     

7830例矽尘作业工人肺功能检查分析

为了解青海省矽尘作业工人肺部损伤情况，将“职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统”2017年矽尘作业工人肺功能检查结果导出并分析。7830例矽尘作业工人FVC%、FEV，%和FEV/FVC%异常检出率分别为22.6%、11.6%和2.8%；三项指标在地区分布、企业规模、经济类型、行业分布间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。应加强对矽尘作业工人的定期肺功能检查，早期发现肺部损伤，保护劳动者健康。     

Respiratory health of workers exposed to metal dusts and foundry fumes in a copper refinery.

OBJECTIVES--To assess airflow limitation in workers exposed long term to metal dust, the prevalence of pleural plaques in those workers exposed in the past to asbestos, the influence of pleural plaques on lung function, and the possible association with airway disease caused by asbestos. METHODS--A cross sectional and longitudinal (seven year) survey of 494 long term (mean (SEM) 21(1) years) workers in a copper refinery was carried out from medical questionnaires, chest radiographs, and forced spirometry. RESULTS--The prevalence of lifetime non-smokers was 19%, current smokers 39%, and ex-smokers 42%. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < 80% predicted) was 5%, small airway dysfunction (SAD) (maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) < 60% predicted) was 7%, and this did not differ from the control population. The COPD and SAD were associated with cumulative smoking index but not with the cumulative work years at the plant or with any type of work at the plant. The mean (SEM) reduction of FEV1 was 20(7) ml in non-smokers, 26(4) ml in smokers, and 26(5) ml in ex-smokers (P > 0.05). In the smokers and ex-smokers with COPD, the loss of FEV1 was 53(10) (P < 0.02). The prevalence of pleural plaques was 11% (P < 0.0001); pleural plaques were found in older workers with known exposure to asbestos. The pleural plaques were circumscribed and associated with a non-significant 196 ml reduction in forced vital capacity (FVC) and non-significant reduction of FVC over time. The pleural plaques were not associated with COPD or SAD. The cumulative smoking index obtained by a technician did not differ from that by a chest physician. CONCLUSIONS--Despite exposures to asbestos that produced pleural plaques and exposures to metal dusts and foundry fumes the long term workers of this plant did not have excessive prevalence of COPD or SAD. The data suggest that low level long term exposure to metal dusts, gases, and foundry fumes do not necessarily cause respiratory dysfunction, circumscribed pleural plaques with low grades of width and extent do not reduce FVC significantly, and exposure to asbestos dust that produced pleural plaques does not necessarily produce airway dysfunction.     

Immunological and respiratory reactions in workers exposed to organic dusts

The relationship of skin reactivity and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and to ventilatory capacity is examined in workers exposed to different organic aerosols. The results from group of control workers similarly tested are also presented. Workers exposed to occupational allergens had positive skin tests more frequently than did controls, except for soy bean workers. Workers with positive skin tests to occupational allergens had a higher prevalence of almost all symptoms than those with negative skin tests although the differences did not always reach statistical significance. Workers with positive skin reactions in general had significantly higher serum IgE levels than did workers with negative skin reactions. There were across-shift reductions of ventilatory capacity in all groups of exposed workers, varying for forced vital capacity from 1.7% to 13.3%, for forced expiratory volume from 0.4%–21.9%, for maximum flow rates at 50% from 1.5% to 16.1% and for maximum flow rates at the last 25% of control vital capacity from 0% to 24.9%. There was, however, no correlation between acute and chronic lung function changes and skin reactivity or IgE values. Our data suggest that although exposure to organic aerosols may be associated with frequent immunologic reactions, these findings do not predict objective respiratory impairment.The research was supported in part by grant no. JBP 733 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA, and by grant no. RO1 OHO-2593-04 from the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., USA     

职业接触低浓度甲醛对健康的影响

选取接触甲醛作业工人90名作为接触组,调查发现该人群头痛、头昏、咽干、眼刺痛、胸闷、心悸等表现及心电图异常发生率明显高于对照组,IgG有所增高。表明长期接触低浓度甲醛对人体健康有一定影响。     

接尘工人经支气管肺活检的病理分析

目的 探讨经纤维支气管镜肺活检肺组织标本病理学改变在尘肺诊断中的价值.方法 2011年5月至2011年9月在我院经支气管肺活检(TBLB)取得肺组织标本的职业性粉尘接触者35例,同期经胸腔镜或开胸肺叶切除取得的肺组织标本的无粉尘接触史的患者27例,进行肺组织纤维组织增生、类结节、粉尘沉积和晶粒偏光等病理指标对比.结果 接尘组中度粉尘沉着6例(17.1％),与对照组(0)相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接尘组肺组织纤维化增生28例(80.0％),明显高于对照组(11例,40.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接尘组有6例发现晶粒偏光阳性,6例发现类结节,对照组病例无晶粒偏光阳性或类结节改变.结论 TBLB病理检查能取得接触粉尘引起肺内相关改变的依据,在尘肺病的诊断中有一定的应用价值.     

德国金属行业接矽尘工人的职业卫生与医学监护原则

德国是一个工业发达国家,矽尘是其主要职业危害因素之一.近几十年来,由于大力开展机械化作业和推行职业医学预防措施,每年新发矽肺病例不到1 000例,发病率低于0.6%.本文详细介绍了德国金属行业开展矽尘职业医学防护的具体原则,希望为我国的矽尘和矽肺的防护工作提供经验.     

Plasma lipid peroxides among workers exposed to silica or asbestos dusts

Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) was determined in random samples of workers (age range 25-60 years) exposed to silica dust (n = 31, mean exposure duration 21.3 +/- 8.3 years) or asbestos dust (n = 59, mean exposure duration 15.6 +/- 4.5 years) and in 52 age-matched healthy male controls. MDA levels of both exposed groups were significantly higher than that of the controls and were significantly higher among workers exposed to asbestos than among those exposed to silica dusts. Neither age nor smoking was related to MDA levels among both controls and exposed workers; among the latter group MDA was not significantly correlated with duration of exposure. Mean MDA levels of exposed workers with radiographic signs of lung fibrosis or pleural thickening and of those without such signs were not significantly different, except in the case of asbestos-exposed workers where it was significantly less than that of those without such signs. Differences between mean durations of dust exposure of workers with radiographic signs of lung fibrosis and those without such signs were statistically insignificant. The results suggest the possible involvement of lipid peroxidation on exposure to silica or asbestos dusts in humans and possible development of antioxidant mechanism(s) on prolonged dust exposure and support the opinion that development of pneumoconiosis depends on susceptibility factor(s).     

棉尘对女工呼吸系统的影响

选择117名接触棉尘的作业人员作为接触组,113名非接触粉尘的作业人员作为对照组,采用GBZ56—2002制订的接触棉尘工人呼吸系统症状询问表和肺功能测定方法对女性作业人员的呼吸系统症状和肺通气功能进行调查。结果显示,胸部紧束感、胸闷、气短症状,接触组均高于对照组;急性肺功能改变(APFC)和慢性肺功能改变(CPFC)检出率,接触组较对照组增高,接尘工龄>10年的差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。两组胸片异常指标肺纹理增粗、肺纹理紊乱和胸膜增厚,本次分析结果差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。提示棉尘对呼吸系统功能的损害随着工龄的增长、接触空气棉尘浓度的增高、接触空气棉尘分散度愈高有加重的趋势,且以急性肺功能改变更为明显。     

二硝基甲苯对作业工人健康的影响

目的　探讨二硝基甲苯 (DNT)对作业工人健康的影响。方法　对某厂DNT作业环境和 81名DNT作业工人 (高浓度组 2 2名和低浓度组 5 9名 )健康状况进行调查。结果　作业场所DNT平均浓度为 (1 6 4± 2 88)mg/m3,TWA浓度为 0 6 7mg/m3,有 2 4 6 9%的样品超标。DNT各组工人RBC、Hb和GST平均值降低 ,赫恩滋小体平均值和异常率、ALT和SDH以及SDH异常率升高 ;高浓度组MHb、Reticulocyte (Ret)异常率升高 ,CuZn SOD下降。与对照组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ,有浓度 反应关系。结论　DNT主要抑制机体抗氧化能力 ,易导致中毒性溶血性贫血 ,可对肝脏产生不良影响。建议作业场所空气中的DNT的MAC为 0 5mg/m3,TWA浓度为 0 3mg/m3。