老年人桡骨远端骨折影像学参数测量与临床疗效的关系

目的 :通过分析老年人桡骨远端骨折患者经过保守治疗后各影像学参数和临床疗效之间的关系,从而提出老年人桡骨骨折行手法复位中最重要的影像学参数。方法:回顾性分析自2012年5月至2015年5月行保守治疗的60岁以上的桡骨远端骨折患者45例,男17例,女28例;年龄60~89岁,平均64.49岁;随访测量影像学参数以并评价临床疗效。影像学参数是在标准腕关节X线片上测量掌倾角、桡骨高度、尺骨变异、尺偏角等;腕关节临床疗效通过Dienst评分标准来评价;多因素线性回归法分析各影像参数与临床疗效的关系。结果 :45例患者均获得随访,时间12~24个月,平均17.6个月;所有桡骨远端骨折获得愈合。末次随访根据Dienst评价:优27例,良10例,可6例,差2例。影像学参数指标中桡骨高、掌倾角以及尺骨变异和自测腕关节功能有明显相关性。当桡骨高8.12 mm、掌倾角-1.64°、尺骨变异4.05 mm时,Dienst功能结果优良率较高。结论 :桡骨高、掌倾角及尺骨变异等影像学参数与老年桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效恢复有相关性,其中最重要的参数为桡骨高度,提醒术者对于老年人桡骨骨折行手法复位时复位前后尤为注意该参数。     

掌侧钢板结合外固定架治疗老年桡骨远端C3型骨折

目的比较掌侧钢板结合外固定架和闭合复位石膏外固定治疗老年桡骨远端C3型骨折的临床疗效。方法分析本院2006年7月至2012年12月收治的老年桡骨远端C3型骨折62例,31例采用掌侧钢板结合外固定架手术治疗,31例采用闭合复位管型石膏外固定保守治疗。两组均在术后12个月行X线片检查,测量桡骨远端掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨高度。腕关节功能评分采用Krimmer评分和患者主观功能评价臂肩手功能缺陷,用于了解术后腕关节功能受限程度以及患者主观感受,对手术和保守治疗效果进行评价。结果 62例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~18个月,平均14.8个月。术后12个月,手术组患者掌倾角、尺偏角和桡骨远端高度显著优于保守治疗组(P0.01);手术组患者腕关节伸屈、旋转、尺桡偏的角度、手的握力均大于保守治疗组(P0.01);Krimmer评分和DASH评分手术治疗组优于保守治疗组(P0.05);两组患者VAS痛觉评分没有明显区别(P0.05)。结论对于桡骨远端C3型骨折的老年患者,首选手术治疗,掌侧支撑钢板结合外固定架治疗可以取得良好的效果。     

腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

目的采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折,并初步评价其治疗效果。方法15例桡骨远端关节内骨折患者,采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗。常规X线片检查结合腕关节镜观察,测量手术前后尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨短缩、关节面“台阶”和关节内骨折缝隙。患者主观症状用疼痛标尺法测量,腕关节功能按Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley计分法评价。结果术后患肢掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩和关节内骨折复位情况除2例关节内骨折缝隙大于2mm外,均获得满意效果;患者疼痛计分平均1.2分;腕关节功能优10例,良4例,一般1例。结论通过本组病例观察,可动力化外固定器技术可以较好地维持桡骨远端关节内骨折的稳定。腕关节镜手术有助于精确恢复关节面的平整。两项技术的结合使用较好地解决了维持桡骨关节面高度和恢复关节面平整的问题。     

骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的治疗

目的 探讨骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的治疗方法 的选择策略.方法 回顾性分析本院2009年6月至2011年6月,收治的72例骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折患者,其中30例予以手法复位石膏固定、22例手法复位外固定支架固定、20例切开复位LCP钢板内固定,3组均行掌倾角和尺偏角的测量,并进行改良Mcbride腕关节评分标准评价.结果 治疗后6个月影像学测量结果 显示各组间掌倾角和尺偏角存在统计学差异.按照改良Mcbride腕关节功能评价标准评分:石膏组优良率84.6%,支架组优良率81.8%,内固定组优良率85.0%.结论 稳定性的骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折首选手法复位石膏外固定治疗,疗效确切;外固定支架治疗创伤小,可较好地维持桡骨的轴向稳定,对严重粉碎的不稳定骨折和软组织条件较差的患者具有优势;LCP钢板可提供可靠的固定,最大限度恢复解剖复位,可用于年龄相对较轻,身体状况较好,对生活质量要求较高的不稳定性骨质疏松性骨折.     

小夹板和锁定钢板治疗老年人桡骨远端关节内骨折的比较

[目的]比较闭合复位小夹板外固定和切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗老年桡骨远端关节内骨折的临床疗效。[方法]2013年1月~2014年12月,将66例桡骨远端关节内骨折的患者随机分为手法复位小夹板外固定治疗(保守组)和切开复位锁定钢板内固定(手术组)各33例。分别于治疗前、复位后、骨折愈合时,记录患者骨折复位状态(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高)。记录患者骨折愈合时间。于骨折愈合时,记录腕关节活动度(屈伸活动度、桡尺偏活动度、旋前后活动度)、Mayo腕关节评分。[结果]治疗前,两组患者一般情况及骨折状况,差异无统计学意义。复位后、骨折愈合时,手术组患者掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高好于保守组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨折愈合时,手术组的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高与复位后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨折愈合时,保守组的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高与复位后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。保守组骨折愈合时间短于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨折愈合时,两组患者腕关节活动度、Mayo腕关节评分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]手法复位小夹板外固定及切开复位锁定钢板内固定均可有效治疗老年桡骨远端关节内骨折。保守治疗存在骨折复位丢失的情况;保守治疗的患者骨折愈合时间相对短;采用手术治疗可获得良好的骨折复位;保守和手术的中远期腕关节功能无差别。     

桡骨远端不稳定型骨折的微创治疗

目的评估桡骨远端不稳定型骨折微创治疗的手术疗效。方法对64例桡骨远端不稳定型骨折患者进行回顾性研究,在手术后1～3年,测定腕关节的活动范围和影像学指标,对腕关节功能进行Gartland-Werley评分。结果患侧腕关节的背伸和尺偏活动范围显著小于正常腕关节（P〈0.05）,掌曲、桡偏、旋前和旋后活动范围与正常腕关节无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。掌倾角显著小于正常腕关节（P〈0.01）,桡骨高度和尺偏角无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。Gartland-Werley功能评分优良率为90.6%。结论闭合复位,外固定支架结合经皮克氏针固定能有效治疗桡骨远端不稳定型骨折。     

钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的观察切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的治疗效果。方法切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折29例，分别于术后3d、4周、8周、12周复查，测量桡骨远端关节面的台阶征、掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度、腕伸屈范围及手握力。腕伸屈范围和手握力结果与健侧比较，取其比值。结果术后12周时桡骨远端关节面的台阶征、掌倾角、尺偏角和桡骨相对尺骨长度与术后3d时相比差异无显著性，腕活动范围差异显著。所有骨折均愈合，患者满意率为100％。按张殿英腕关节综合功能评定法，12周后优良率为100％。结论切开复位钢板内固定可使桡骨远端骨折解剖复位，达到早期关节功能锻炼的目的，并防止愈合过程中复位的丢失。     

手法复位经皮穿针治疗老年桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的疗效.方法 68例老年桡骨远端骨折患者,行手法复位经皮穿针内固定,将复位前后的指标(掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨远端和尺骨远端距离)进行比较及对腕关节功能进行评价.结果 所有患者随访5～11个月,平均7.6个月;平均愈合时间6.6周.腕部功能按 Dienst评估标准进行评定,优良率76.5%,可14.3%,差9.2%.结论 手法复位经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折具有操作简单、固定牢靠、疗效肯定的特点,是治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的有效方法.     

桡骨远端骨折伴骨质疏松32例手术疗效分析

目的探讨老年患者合并骨质疏松的桡骨远端骨折手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2011-03—2014-12间手术治疗32例不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并骨质疏松患者的临床资料。结果患者均获随访12~30个月。均未发生感染、内(外)固定松动断裂、腕管综合征、肌腱激惹、正中神经损伤、骨延迟愈合和骨不连等。术后1年掌倾角为(16.5°±2.5°),尺偏角为(21.2°±1.3°)。按照改良Mc Bride评价标准评定:优18例,良12例,可2例;优良率93.75%。结论手术治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并骨质疏松能够较好恢复桡骨远端解剖结构及桡骨远端尺偏角、掌倾角及桡骨长度,使桡腕关节面达到解剖复位,恢复腕关节功能,减少创伤性关节炎等后遗症的发生。     

合并尺骨茎突骨折对桡骨远端骨折钢板内固定术后功能恢复的影响

目的探讨合并尺骨茎突骨折对桡骨远端骨折钢板内固定术后功能恢复的影响。方法将38例桡骨远端骨折患者按是否合并尺骨茎突骨折分为A组(合并尺骨茎突骨折,19例)和B组(不合并尺骨茎突骨折,19例)。观察术后及末次随访时腕关节影像学参数(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨茎突高度)、腕关节活动范围及Gartland-Werley腕关节评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间10～18个月。术后及末次随访时两组掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨茎突高度比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。末次随访时,两组腕关节屈伸及前臂旋转活动范围及Gartland-Werley腕关节评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论合并尺骨茎突骨折对桡骨远端骨折钢板内固定术后功能康复无明显影响。     

桡骨远端C型骨折掌侧锁定钢板与外固定架的疗效比较

目的比较掌侧锁定钢板与外固定架治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法采用随机对照法,纳入2014年10月到2017年10月收治的桡骨远端C型骨折患者,随机分为两组,分别采用外固定架或者掌侧锁定钢板治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生率;比较末次随访时患者腕关节活动度、桡骨掌倾角、尺偏角;比较健、患侧握力比值和患侧腕关节Gartland-Werley评分。结果共纳入30例患者,其中外固定架组14例,掌侧锁定钢板组16例。两组患者术后均随访1年。结果显示,掌侧锁定钢板组手术时间长于外固定架组,术中出血量多于外固定架组,但末次随访时桡骨掌倾角、尺偏角恢复水平优于外固定架组(P<0.05);两组骨折愈合时间,末次随访时腕关节屈伸、旋转活动度,健、患侧握力比,患侧腕关节Gartland-Werley评分等,均未见明显统计学差异(P>0.05);两组患者均未发生术后并发症。结论对于桡骨远端C型骨折,外固定架治疗的手术风险小于掌侧锁定钢板,但会造成术后一定程度的复位丢失,然而这种复位丢失并不影响患者的腕关节功能恢复。     

手法复位加小夹板钢托外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的:评价手法复位结合小夹板外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的近期临床疗效。方法:2015年1月至2016年12月,采用手法复位并行小夹板钢托外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折患者60例,男39例,女21例;年龄18~65(43.50±10.56)岁;按AO分型,A型38例,B型19例,C型3例。骨折复位前及复位后1、2、4周及拆除小夹板钢托时行腕关节正侧位X线检查,并测量其患侧掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度。骨折复位后8、24、48周测量患侧腕关节背伸、掌屈、旋前、旋后、尺偏、桡偏活动度,骨折复位后、复位后4、8、24、48周测量健侧和患侧腕关节握力。桡骨远端骨折达到临床愈合后拆除小夹板钢托,拆除小夹板钢托后进行腕关节Mayo评分。结果:60例桡骨远端骨折患者全部完成随访,骨折愈合时间6~8(7.1±0.9)周。掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩距离,复位前与复位后2周时比较,差异有统计学意义;复位后2周与4周比较,差异无统计学意义。复位后24周和8周,48周与24周时腕关节背伸、掌屈、旋前、旋后、尺偏、桡偏活动度比较,差异有统计学意义。患者复位后与复位后4周,复位后8周与4周,复位后16周与8周,复位后24周与16周时握力比较,差异有统计意义;复位后48周与24周时握力评分比较,差异无统计学意义。采用Mayo腕关节功能评分系统评价疗效,优50例,良8例,可1例,差1例。结论:手法复位加小夹板钢托外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折,操作简单,临床疗效确切。     

桡骨远端骨折类型和腕不稳定关系

目的 研究桡骨远端骨折类型对腕不稳定发生的作用。方法 在160例正常腕关节测量并确定腕不稳定标准基础上,比较236例桡骨远端骨折中桡骨远端关节面不平整(52例)、桡骨明显缩短(50例)、桡骨远端关节面背倾(43例)和伴尺骨茎突骨折(65例)与无以上因素的一般骨折(63例)不稳定发生率及类型,分析以上骨折相关因素的严重程度和不稳定发生的关系。结果 伴有尺骨茎突骨折例腕不稳定发生率为47.7％,腕关节背倾例中发生率为30.2％,桡骨明显缩短例中发生率为22％,关节面不平整例中发生率为17.3％,一般骨折例中发生率为7.8％。腕不稳定例的桡骨缩短、关节面背倾和尺骨茎突骨折移位程度与无不稳定的比较有显著差异。结论 桡骨远端骨折的关节面不完整、桡骨明显缩短、关节面背倾和伴尺骨茎突骨折对腕不稳定例发生及程度有显著影响。     

Palmar locking plate for treatment of unstable dorsal dislocated distal radius fractures

Introduction This study investigates the clinical and radiological results of open reduction and internal fixation of unstable distal radial fractures using a palmar placed interlocking plate system with no substitutes for treatment of the dorsal metaphyseal fracture void.Materials and methods Nineteen patients with a mean age of 61 years (range 49–78 years) and a dorsally displaced distal radial fracture were treated using a palmar placed 2.4 mm interlocking plate system. All 17 women and 2 men were followed up according to the study protocol. Standardised radiographs in anteroposterior and lateral projection were performed before reduction and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. Radiological measurements included palmar tilt, radial inclination and radial shortening as defined by ulnar variance and intra-articular steps. Clinical assessment included active range of motion (ARM) of the wrist, pain according to a visual analogue scale (VAS), grip power, working ability, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand-Score (DASH Score) and Mayo Wrist Score.Results At final follow-up after a minimum of 11 months, the palmar tilt was +1°, radial inclination 19.8° and ulnar variance 1.0 mm. Mean loss of palmar tilt measured 1.9°, radial inclination 1.3° and ulnar variance 0.4 mm. Mean wrist extension measured 58°, wrist flexion 41°, pronation 83° and supination 84°. The Mayo Wrist Score showed 21% excellent, 58% good, 16% fair and 5% poor results.Conclusion The treatment of unstable, dorsally dislocated, distal radius fractures AO types A3, C1 and C2, with a palmar placed 2.4 mm interlocking plate system and without additional treatment of the metaphyseal defects showed good radiological and functional results with minimal loss of reduction.     

Open Wedge Osteotomy for Malunited Extraarticular Distal Radius Fractures with Plate Osteosynthesis without Bone Grafting

Abstract Background: Malunion of distal radius fractures can cause pain, limited wrist motion, or loss of grip strength. The most important factors are incongruity in the distal radioulnar (DRU) joint and radial tilt which causes adaptive carpal instability. The purpose of open wedge corrective osteotomy is to restore congruency with minimal soft-tissue damage. Patients and Methods: Between 1993 and 2001, 47 patients with malunited extraarticular distal radius fractures who were treated by open wedge corrective osteotomy without bone grafting were included. The patients were divided into two groups, one group with dorsal tilt of the distal radius and one group with palmar tilt. Ulnar variance, radial inclination, and radial tilt were measured before and after operation. Also, the range of wrist motions was tested before and after correction, including grip strength. Fixation was performed with a dorsal or palmar plate, dependent on the side of radial tilt. Results: Improvement of especially radial tilt was seen in both groups. Also, an important increase in wrist motions was observed. Flexion of the wrist improved by 38.0° in the dorsal group and by 43.0° in the palmar group. With respect to rotation of the lower arm, supination improved most by 21.6° and 46.0° in the dorsal and palmar group, respectively. All osteotomies healed within 3 months without secondary displacement even after a short period of immobilization. Conclusion: Corrective osteotomy is a useful additional therapy in the treatment of malunited extraarticular fractures of the distal radius in which bone grafting is not necessary.     

动力跨关节型外固定架治疗Barton骨折

目的探讨动力跨关节型外固定架治疗Barton骨折的临床疗效。方法28例Barton骨折均采用动力跨关节型外固定架手术治疗。术后随访桡骨长度、掌倾角、尺偏角、腕关节活动范围。结果28例均获随访,时间2～12个月。骨折均达到解剖复位且骨折愈合良好。按照Gartland与Werley评分标准:优12例,良16例。无神经再次损伤、骨折移位、针道感染、肌腱损伤等并发症发生;1例因软组织损伤大,尺神经损伤,骨折愈合延迟。结论动力跨关节型外固定架治疗Barton骨折可良好维持骨折处对位对线,恢复关节面的平整;可有效防止术后骨折再塌陷,维持桡腕关节间隙正常位置,保护早期功能锻炼,是治疗Barton骨折的有效方法。     

桡骨远端骨折对腕关节稳定性的影响

目的研究各型桡骨远端骨折导致的腕关节不稳手术与非手术治疗的临床疗效及对腕关节稳定性的影响。方法1999年1月至2006年9月桡骨远端骨折患者200例,采用AO分型,标准腕关节正侧位片测量桡月角、舟月角、桡骨远端长度、关节面落差、舟月近远侧间距。手法复位石膏外固定患者和桡骨远端切开复位内固定治疗患者进行比较,采用改良Gartland和Werley评分标准评定腕关节功能恢复情况,并进行统计学分析。结果临床平均随访时间5年2个月,结果发现舟月分离、背屈不稳、掌屈不稳、背侧偏移和掌侧偏移5种腕关节不稳;优良率为78％。桡骨远端长度缩短≥2．5mm与〈2．5mm的桡骨远端骨折患者腕关节不稳发生率比较,Fisher确切概率P〈0．01;桡骨远端关节面的落差≥2mm与〈2mm的桡骨远端骨折患者腕关节不稳发生率比较,Fisher确切概率P〈0．01。结论桡骨远端骨折对桡腕关节面、桡骨远端长度、掌倾角的恢复与患者的疗效密切相关,腕关节的稳定性依赖于骨性结构和周围韧带的完整性,腕关节不稳将严重影响腕关节功能。对于严重关节内的骨折应手术治疗解剖复位。     

Plating of the distal radius

Distal radius fractures are common injuries that can be treated by a variety of methods. Restoration of the distal radius anatomy within established guidelines yields the best short- and long-term results. Guidelines for acceptable reduction are (1) radial shortening < 5 mm, (2) radial inclination > 15 degrees , (3) sagittal tilt on lateral projection between 15 degrees dorsal tilt and 20 degrees volar tilt, (4) intra-articular step-off < 2 mm of the radiocarpal joint, and (5) articular incongruity < 2 mm of the sigmoid notch of the distal radius. Treatment options range from closed reduction and immobilization to open reduction with plates and screws; options are differentiated based on their ability to reinforce and stabilize the three columns of the distal radius and ulna. Plating allows direct restoration of the anatomy, stable internal fixation, a decreased period of immobilization, and early return of wrist function. Buttress plates reduce and stabilize vertical shear intra-articular fractures through an antiglide effect, where-as conventional and locking plates address metaphyseal comminution and/or preserve articular congruity/reduction. With conventional and locking plates, intra-articular fractures are directly reduced; with buttress plates, the plate itself helps reduce the intra-articular fracture. Complications associated with plating include tendon irritation or rupture and the need for plate removal.     

The relationship between initial closed reduction and the surgical reconstruction of the radiocarpal joint line in distal radial fractures

IntroductionWhilst initial closed reduction followed by definitive open fixation is widely applied in the treatment of distal radial fractures, the effect of the closed reduction on the reconstruction of the articular surface remains unclear. Our research questions were:

• (1)Does closed reduction followed by surgical fixation reconstruct palmar tilt and radial inclination?
• (2)Does closed reduction influence the surgically reconstructed palmar tilt and radial inclination?

MethodsPalmar tilt and radiocarpal inclination of 425 patients were measured at admission, following initial closed reduction and after surgical reconstruction.ResultsClosed reduction increased palmar tilt by 12.1° and radial inclination by 2.7°. Open surgical reduction further corrected palmar tilt by 17.88° and radial inclination by 3.5°. Whilst there was no association between postoperative palmar tilt and initially achieved closed reduction, a significant association between radial inclination following closed reduction and surgical fixation was found.ConclusionOur retrospective study challenges the existence of a relationship between the initial closed reduction and the reconstruction of the anatomic joint line in surgically treated distal radial fractures.