无锡地区妇女细菌性阴道病与假丝酵母菌属及滴虫性阴道炎感染分析

目的了解无锡地区育龄妇女细菌性阴道病、假丝酵母菌性阴道炎及滴虫性阴道炎感染状况。方法对无锡地区妇科门诊2142例、体检中心1885例、住院患者218例育龄妇女采集阴道后穹隆部位的分泌物,用细菌性阴道病联合测定试剂盒检测,同时进行阴道分泌物涂片镜检假丝酵母菌属、滴虫。结果妇科门诊患者单独细菌性阴道病、假丝酵母菌性阴道炎、滴虫性阴道炎发病率分别为19.44%、16.43%和7.19%;体检中心患者发病率分别为8.17%、6.47%和1.91%;住院患者发病率分别为2.75%、1.83%和1.38%;妇科门诊与体检中心、妇科门诊与住院患者的单独细菌性阴道病、假丝酵母菌性阴道炎和滴虫性阴道炎发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),发现细菌性阴道病阳性检出率高于假丝酵母菌性阴道炎和滴虫性阴道炎,且细菌性阴道病阳性检出率高于假丝酵母菌性阴道炎和滴虫性阴道炎;但细菌性阴道病的混合感染以及体检中心与住院患者单独细菌性阴道病、假丝酵母菌性阴道炎、滴虫性阴道炎发病率差异无统计学意义。结论妇科门诊应将细菌性阴道病、假丝酵母菌属、滴虫列入阴道分泌物常规筛查。     

High rate of bacterial vaginosis among women with intrauterine devices in Manado, Indonesia.

Recent research reported that bacterial vaginosis (BV) might enhance the acquisition and transmission of HIV. BV is also associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, a disease also associated with intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. To measure the magnitude of this problem, we conducted a prevalence survey of BV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs; defined as current infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis) among all patients attending a family planning clinic in Manado from May to July 1999. BV was diagnosed by Gram stain using Nugent's criteria and vaginal trichomoniasis by wet mount or culture. Cervical infections with C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were diagnosed by DNA probe. Of 357 patients, 116 (32.5%) had BV, 83 (23.3%) had trichomoniasis, 9 (2.5%) had chlamydia, and 8 (2.2%) had gonorrhea. The prevalence of STD was similar among users of all types of contraception. However, BV was more common among IUD users (47.2%) than among non-IUD users (29.9%). This association persisted after controlling for age, education, ever had douching, and any STD (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.8). BV was also associated with STD (41.3% in women with STD vs. 29.4% in women without). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, education, ever had douching, and IUD use (odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.9). Because we found that BV was associated with IUDs and that other studies reported that both BV and IUDs were associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, a Gram stain evaluation of BV may be considered prior to IUD insertion     

城市已婚妇女细菌性阴道病患病率及影响因素

目的：了解已婚妇女细菌性阴道病的患病情况及相关影响因素。方法：在15个省(市)对9 951例已婚妇女进行有关细菌性阴道病的妇科检查、实验室检查及问卷调查。结果：调查地区已婚妇女的细菌性阴道病患病率为5．3％(531／9951)。已婚妇女患细菌性阴道病的影响因素为年龄轻、无业人员和服务行业人员、家庭经济收入偏低、使用宫内节育器及有人工流产史。患有细菌性阴道病的妇女中，伴有滴虫性阴道炎、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染、慢性宫颈炎和盆腔炎的患病率分别为8．1％、9．8％、36．7％和5．6％，明显高于无细菌性阴道病者2．3％、4．0％、28．8％和4．0％，差异有显著性(P＜0．01，P＜0．05)。结论：城市已婚妇女人群中细菌性阴道病患病率较高，应针对细菌性阴道病的影响因素进行有效的预防和干预，并将细菌性阴道病的防治列入妇产科诊疗常规。     

Contraceptive use in women with bacterial vaginosis

The aim of the study was to investigate if bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with use of specific contraceptives. Women at family planning and youth clinics (n = 956), among whom 131 had BV, were subjects for structured in-depth interviews including current and previous contraceptive use. Variables measuring sexual risk-taking were ascertained. Current users of contraceptives were compared with non-users. Both oral contraceptive (OC) and condom use showed a significant protective effect against BV, adjusted for possible confounders (odds ratios were 0.4 and 0.3, respectively). Intrauterine device use (IUD) showed no association with BV. Women with BV had less often used any contraceptives, including condom, at their sexual debut than the women in the comparison group. In this study, OC and condom use seemed to exert a protective effect against BV, whereas no effect for IUD use was found.     

Factors linked to bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to test the hypothesis that vaginal douching is linked to bacterial vaginosis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women and to identify other demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors associated with bacterial vaginosis. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study involving 3 clinic sites, 496 nonpregnant women completed a self-administered questionnaire. Their vaginal smears were assessed and cross-validated for bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis across clinics ranged from 15% to 30%. In analyses restricted to site 1, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for bacterial vaginosis remained significant for African American women with 13 or fewer years of education (OR = 5.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1, 14.5), hormone use within the past 6 months (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.8), and vaginal douching within the past 2 months (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.5, 5.6). CONCLUSIONS: Two lifestyle factors emerge as strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis: systemic contraceptives appear protective, whereas douching is linked to an increase in prevalence. The temporal relationship between douching and bacterial vaginosis needs further clarification.     

出国务工妇女细菌性阴道病调查结果分析

目的:了解细菌性阴道病在延边地区出国务工妇女中的流行情况。方法:用改良多胺法对延边地区586名出国务工妇女进行细菌性阴道病(BV)检测,同时用常规方法进行滴虫、霉菌检查。结果:586份阴道分泌物标本中,检出BV(+)275例,总阳性率为46.9%,其中单纯BV(+)242例(41.3%)、BV合并滴虫(+)8例(1.3%)、BV合并霉菌(+)25例(4.3%);按年龄分组,33～35岁组BV阳性率最高,为60.3%,≤20岁组最低,为20.0%。结论:延边地区出国务工妇女细菌性阴道病患病率较高,居该人群各种阴道感染的首位,无民族差异(χ2=0.22,P>0.05),但年龄差异显著(χ2=28.72,P<0.05)。因此,建议在出国体检中常规开展BV检查,以便及时发现和治疗,控制疾病传播范围。     

Frequency, diagnostic criteria and consequences of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women

Vaginal discharge based on changes in a vaginal ecosystem (decreasing number of Lactobacillus and increasing number of Mobiluncus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella spp., Mycoplasma hominis, Peptostreptococcus spp) appears to be a major cause of bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with: preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, amniotic fluid infection, endometritis, low-weight neonates. The role of natural microflora of vagina, the most important diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and immunological changes in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis are discussed in the light of the recent publications.     

绝经后女性细菌性阴道病检测结果分析

目的:探讨绝经后妇女细菌性阴道病(BV)的临床特点。方法:将78例绝经后BV患者与128例生育年龄BV患者及109例老年性阴道炎患者进行细菌性阴道病三联(pH、白细胞酯酶、过氧化氢、唾液酸苷酶)检测。结果:绝经后BV患者的阴道pH值与生育年龄BV患者有所升高,均大于4.5;绝经期BV患者H2O2浓度<2μmol/L为91.0%,与生育年龄BV组及老年性阴道炎组比较有显者差异P<0.01。结论:绝经后BV患者仍需引起临床医生注意,及早防治。     

Dietary intake of selected nutrients affects bacterial vaginosis in women

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition of altered vaginal flora, is associated with various adverse reproductive health outcomes. We evaluated the association between diet and the presence of BV in a subset of 1521 women (86% African-American) from a larger study of vaginal flora. Participants completed the Block Food Questionnaire and clinical assessments and self-report measures of sexual and hygiene behavior. A total of 42% of the women were classified as having BV (Nugent score > or = 7). Severe BV (Nugent score > or = 9 and vaginal pH > or = 5) was present in 14.9% of the women. BV was associated [adjusted OR (AOR)] with increased dietary fat (1.5, 1.1-2.4) after adjusting for other energy nutrients and behavioral and demographic covariates. Severe BV was associated with total fat (2.3, 1.3-4.3), saturated fat (2.1, 1.2-3.9), and monounsaturated fat (2.2, 1.2-4.1). Energy intake was only marginally associated (P = 0.05) with BV (1.4, 1.0-1.8). There were significant inverse associations between severe BV and intakes of folate (0.4, 0.2-0.8), vitamin E (0.4, 0.2-0.8), and calcium (0.4, 0.3-0.7). We conclude that increased dietary fat intake is associated with increased risk of BV and severe BV, whereas increased intake of folate, vitamin A, and calcium may decrease the risk of severe BV.     

产后妇女细菌性阴道病联合测定分析

目的:分析产后妇女细菌性阴道病联合测定情况。方法:对符合条件的348例产后妇女取阴道分泌物进行过氧化氢浓度、唾液酸甘酶及白细胞脂酶联合测定。结果:348例中测定出现≥1项异常者占51.4%(179/348),阴道分娩测定异常占52.1%(98/188),剖宫产测定异常占50.6%(81/160),阴道分娩与剖宫产的测定异常相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未进入产程的剖宫产测定异常占49.6%(57/115),产程中急诊剖宫产测定异常占53.3%(24/45),未进入产程的剖宫产与产程中急诊剖宫产测定异常相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。过氧化氢浓度减低在产后最为常见39.1%(136/348),其次是白细胞脂酶活性阳性31.3%(109/348),较少的是唾液酸甘酶活性阳性7.5%(26/348)。结论:产后妇女细菌性阴道病联合测定有助于了解阴道微生态情况,诊断细菌性阴道病为选择用药提供参考。     

安徽省农村已婚育龄妇女细菌性阴道病及相关因素

目的:了解安徽省农村已婚育龄妇女细菌性阴道病(BV)的现状及相关因素。方法:在保证市级代表性的基础上,分层、整群抽取18～49岁54 540例农村已婚育龄妇女进行健康问卷调查、妇科检查和实验室检查。结果:安徽省农村已婚育龄妇女BV患病率为11.9%(6361/53286),汉族、初潮年龄相对较早、月经周期正常(25～34天)、行经期正常(3～8天)、无原发性痛经、洗脚盆与洗下身盆分开罹患BV的可能性相对较低为保护因素;而已婚妇女学历越低、与丈夫性生活前清洗下身的频率越高越容易罹患BV为危险因素。BV患者中宫颈炎、滴虫性阴道炎和盆腔炎的患病率明显高于无BV妇女,是无BV妇女的0.6、0.7和0.7倍,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:安徽省农村已婚育龄妇女BV发生率较高且受多种因素影响,有关部门应开展有针对性的健康教育和妇科普查,做到早检查、早发现、早治疗。     

不同育龄妇女人群细菌性阴道病调查及临床分析

目的: 调查细菌性阴道病(BV) 在不同育龄妇女人群的流行情况, 并分析其临床特征。方法: 对深圳市三种不同类型的育龄妇女共4 744名进行包括细菌性阴道病在内的阴道分泌物实验室检查、妇科检查及问卷调查。结果: 细菌性阴道病在一般人群中患病率为11. 72%, 门诊病人患病率为15 .19%, 高危人群患病率为19. 52%, 合计患病率为12 .73%。研究发现深圳市育龄妇女细菌性阴道病患病率与年龄大小呈负相关, 主要症状、体征表现为分泌物增多( 35 .43% )、糊状分泌物(34 .36% ) 等。结论: 深圳市三类人群育龄妇女细菌性阴道病合计患病率居各种阴道感染首位, 当地育龄妇女年龄越小, 患病率越高。建议各级计生服务机构在进行宫腔操作时应进行细菌性阴道病的常规检查并做治疗。     

妊娠期合并细菌性阴道病患者妊娠结局分析

目的观察妊娠期细菌性阴道病（BV）对妊娠结局的不良影响。方法将妊娠16～24周BV筛查阳性的300例孕妇分为治疗组（150例）和未治疗组（150例）,另选150例正常孕妇为对照组,跟踪观察其妊娠结局。结果BV在妊娠期的检出率为13.18%。BV孕妇未治疗组的早产、胎膜早破、产后子宫内膜炎及新生儿感染率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。BV孕妇治疗组与未治疗组比较,早产、胎膜早破及产后子宫内膜炎发生率显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论BV在妊娠期的检出率较高,可明显增加早产、胎膜早破、产褥感染及新生儿感染等不良妊娠结局的发生率,故对妊娠期进行常规BV筛查和规范治疗是十分必要的。     

孕妇细菌性阴道病与羊膜腔感染相关性分析

目的探讨孕晚期细菌性阴道病(BV)与羊膜腔感染的关系对BV正规治疗,以降低感染率。方法选取2012年8月-2013年8月在医院产检诊断为BV并在医院分娩的孕妇355例,将其分为A组115例未治疗的孕妇与B组正规治疗的孕妇240例,对其绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率及羊水培养病原菌检出率进行比较分析。结果 A组孕妇发生绒毛膜羊膜炎13例,发生率11.3%,羊水培养阳性率5.2%;B组孕妇发生绒毛膜羊膜炎8例,发生率3.3%,羊水培养阳性率1.7%;A组绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率及羊水培养阳性率明显高于B组;羊水培养共检出10株病原菌,大肠埃希菌4株、阴道加德纳菌3株、类杆菌、消化链球菌、动弯杆菌各1株。结论孕晚期细菌性阴道病增加羊膜腔感染的发生率,正规治疗细菌性阴道病能使羊膜腔感染发生率明显降低。     

2108例育龄妇女细菌性阴道病相关因素分析

目的分析育龄妇女细菌性阴道病的阴道分泌物检测结果及相关因素。方法选择2010年1月至2012年1月来郑州市第三人民医院就诊的2108例育龄妇女,采用唾液酸酶法检测细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis,BV)的阴道分泌物,回顾性分析其检测结果。结果本组共654例BV检测阳性,阳性率为31.02%,其中20～30岁患者BV阳性率明显高于其他年龄段,4～6月和7～9月BV阳性率明显高于其他月份,文化程度越高,BV阳性率越低,BV阳性患者伴发的霉菌和滴虫感染率明显高于BV阴性患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BV的发生与季节、年龄以及文化程度密切相关,注意性生活以及卫生习惯,同时加强保健知识的宣传,对于降低BV的感染率具有积极的作用。