Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

A series of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were studied over a 6-year period. They constituted 27% of all bladder tumours. The male:female ratio was 12:1; 62% of the patients were below the age of 50 years (mean 47) and 31% had a previous history of urinary bilharziasis. Associated stigmata of Schistosoma haematobium, as sandy patches, were detected in 69% of patients. Fourteen had bilharzial ureteric strictures as seen on intravenous urography and most of the tumours occurred in the region of the trigone; 60% had T3 NO MO tumours at presentation. Eighteen patients received radical radiotherapy and 16 patients under the age of 55 years underwent radical cystectomy with diversion of urine to an isolated rectum. The 5-year survival rate in the radical cystectomy group was 75%. Other modalities of treatment and their results are discussed.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder were reviewed. All tumours were muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. One third of the patients were irradiated, either before cystectomy or as a full course radiotherapy. The 1-year and 5-year survivals were 25 and 17%, respectively. Only cystectomized patients were alive after 5 years.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

Examination of the histology of all bladder tumors presented to the London Hospital over a ten-year period revealed a surprisingly low incidence of squamous bladder carcinoma. We would support the view of other workers that this tumor usually presents at an advanced stage and carries with it a poor prognosis. However, when no evidence of metastatic disease is evident, treatment with standard protocol of radiation therapy and cystectomy should achieve the same results as for the transitional cell tumor. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder would appear to be as radiosensitive as its transitional cell counterpart.     

Squamous cell carcinoma in bladder extrophy

Bladder extrophy is a rare congenital malformation that nowadays is surgically corrected in neonatal period. We present a case report of a 71-year-old male with a verrucous squamous cell carcinoma arising in a classical uncorrected form of bladder extrophy.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Report of 19 cases

Nineteen patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder were admitted to our hospital from 1976 to 1987. It was 3.8% (19/503) of total patients of epithelium neoplasma of the bladder admitted during the same time. The symptoms, diagnosis, aetiology, clinical types and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder are discussed.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder following PTFE implantation

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in non-bilharzial bladder usually presents in the 7th decade and is more common in males than females. An association between recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and long-term catheterisation with carcinoma of the bladder has been established with the pathogenesis thought to be due to chronic irritation and inflammation. In our case the patient had been free from recurrent UTI for 15 years prior to developing carcinoma of the bladder.     

Squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma arising in bladder augmentations

Tumours arising in bowel-augmented bladders are rare. Usually these tumours are adenocarcinomas that occur along the anastomotic line. We present two unusual tumours, squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma, that occurred in bladder augmentations. We also emphasize the need for regular cystoscopic surveillance.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of suprapubic cystostomy tract without bladder involvement.

This report describes a third case of squamous cell carcinoma of the suprapubic cystostomy tract. The first case reported in 1993 concerned a squamous cell carcinoma arising adjacent to the suprapubic cystostomy site and extending anteriorly to the abdominal wall in a 80-year-old man, 5 years after suprapubic urinary diversion for urethral stricture. A second case published in 1995 described a 50-year-old paraplegic man (T11-T12 spinal cord injury) in whom a suprapubic cystostomy tract squamous cell carcinoma developed after 25 years of urinary diversion. The tumour involved the cystostomy tract primarily with extension into the bladder but did not penetrate the bladder wall muscle. Our patient is in fact the second one to have a suprapubic cystostomy tract squamous carcinoma not involving the bladder.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in a pediatric patient

A 16-year-old North American girl with a prior history of a bladder calculus removed by open cystolithotomy 8 years earlier, subsequently had squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder along the site of the previous incision. The authors believe that this child is the youngest documented patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder not associated with schistosomiasis.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder presenting with bladder rupture: a case report

A 71-year-old woman with pan-peritonitis was transferred to our hospital. Imaging studies showed the extravasation of contrast medium from the bladder to the intraperitoneal cavity, the right non-visualizing kidney and the left hydronephrosis. Cystoscopy revealed bladder stones and a fistula at the posterior wall of the bladder. A histological examination of specimen around the fistula revealed squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) with stromal invasion. Symptoms of peritonitis subsided following the placement of bilateral ureteral catheters and a urethral catheter. Because a laparotomy revealed peritonitis-carcinomatosa, she underwent bilateral ureterocutaneostomies, the removal of the bladder stones and the primary closure of the fistula. She died on the 42nd day after surgery.     

Squamous carcinoma of urinary bladder

The clinical course of 56 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma with squamous metaplasia were compared. Survival was evaluated to compare treatments and biologic potentials of these neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder behaves as poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma with squamous metaplasia, and survival is significantly poorer than in poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma. While survivals are limited, only radical, surgical extirpation can be associated with significant patient salvage.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is one of the least understood malignant tumors arising from the female genital tract. Vital facts on its clinical and biologic behavior are difficult to collate in a cumulative way. Its intermediate position in the pelvis makes it a difficult site to which to apply conventional methods of treatment without associated morbidity; its rareness precludes developing expertise by no more than a few therapists and allows few the opportunity to test new ideas encased in research protocols; and its variegated presentations invite individualization as the only therapeutic approach. Squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina remains an enigma among gynecologic neoplasms.     

长期留置导尿患者膀胱鳞癌的特征

目的回顾性分析长期留置导尿患者其膀胱鳞状细胞癌的临床特点,提高对这一较少见疾病的认识.方法以肿瘤、癌、膀胱癌、鳞状细胞癌、膀胱造口术和脊髓损伤作为关键词或主题词于 PubMed 数据库检索关于膀胱鳞状细胞癌的相关文章并加以分析.结果检索到1967年至2015年共89篇相关文章,其中29篇入选.涉及患者80例,患者诊断膀胱鳞癌时的平均年龄为55岁.留置导尿管持续时间为(23．9±10．3)年.留置导尿的主要原因是脊髓损伤(90％).与典型的移行细胞癌相比,通过膀胱镜或尿细胞学检查均仅能确定32．5％的肿瘤病变.膀胱鳞癌患者平均生存时间为(84±23．97)个月,95％可信区间为37．01~130．99个月.2年总生存率为67％,5年生存率为52％,10年生存率为40％.生存时间与疾病的分期、患者的年龄、留置导尿持续时间和治疗方式显著相关(P ＜0．05);存活时间最长的是分期为 T1~2、诊断膀胱癌时年龄≥50岁以及采用根治性膀胱切除和/或放射治疗的患者(P ＜0．05).多变量分析表明,患者的年龄、留置导尿持续时间和治疗方案是影响生存的独立预测指标(P ＜0．05).结论长期留置导尿的膀胱鳞癌患者总体预后差,预后有赖于肿瘤的早期诊断.对高危患者定期行膀胱镜检查并随机活检,有望早期诊断长期留置导尿的膀胱癌患者.根治性膀胱切除与辅助放射治疗是目前最有效的治疗方式.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: pathology, diagnosis and treatment

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can occur in both nonbilharzial and bilharzial bladders; the two subtypes differ in epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinicopathological features. The nonbilharzial type occurs in Western countries and represents < 5% of all vesical tumours; it occurs most often in the seventh decade with a slight male predominance. The principal predisposing factor is prolonged indwelling urethral catheterization in patients with spinal cord injury and the main symptom is haematuria. Patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and most of the tumours are of moderate and high grades. At cystoscopy tumours are predominantly ulcerative and commonly involve the trigone and lateral walls. Although distant metastasis is infrequent (8-10%) the prognosis is grave and most patients die after failure of locoregional control; radical cystectomy provides the best therapy. To avoid nonbilharzial SCC, patients with spinal cord injury should be free of catheterization if possible. The outcome can be improved by early detection with frequent cytology, cystoscopy and biopsy. Bilharzial SCC occurs commonly in the Middle East, South-east Asia and South America where schistosomiasis is endemic. In an Egyptian series SCC represented 59% of 1026 cystectomy specimens. The tumour is diagnosed in the fifth decade, and five times more common in men than women. Bladder carcinogenesis is probably related to bacterial and viral infections, commonly associated with bilharzial infestation rather than the parasite itself. The presentation is often with irritative bladder symptoms and haematuria, and many patients present at an advanced stage, although most tumours are of low and moderate grades. At cystoscopy tumours are predominantly nodular and usually arise from the upper vesical hemisphere. Lymph-node metastasis occurs in approximately 19% and significantly decreases survival; radical cystectomy remains the main treatment, giving a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Early detection improves the therapeutic yield and prevention is possible by combining snail control and mass therapy of the infested rural population by oral antibilharzial drugs.