糖尿病患者血清生长激素水平与微血管病变的关系

目的了解糖尿病患者血清生长激素（ＧＨ）水平与微血管病变之间的关系，探讨糖尿病患者微血管的病变机理。方法非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）１４１例，胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）２７例。生长激素水平和胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）均采用放射免疫法测定，血糖用氧化酶法测定。结果ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的ＧＨ无合并微血管病变患者（３．３±１．２μｇ／Ｌ）明显高于正常人（１．０±１．２μｇ／Ｌ），合并微血管病变者（５．７±１．９μｇ／Ｌ）明显高于无微血管病变者，，差异都有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。随病程延长，ＧＨ水平越高，微血管病变发病比例也就越高。血清ＧＨ水平与血糖呈平行关系（ｒ＝０．１７３），与ＩＮＳ间无显著相关。ＩＤＤＭ患者ＧＨ水平（６．６±３．４μｇ／Ｌ）较ＮＩＤＤＭ患者（４．６±１．８μｇ／Ｌ）还高，且均为有微血管病变者。结论ＧＨ升高可能是糖尿病患者微血管病变的重要因素之一。     

血β_2－微球蛋白在慢性肺心病缓解期判定肾功能减退的价值

对３０例慢性肺心病缓解期患者及５０例正常人采用ＲＩＡ法测定了血清的β_２－微球蛋白（β_２－ＭＧ），结果显示：慢性肺心病缓解期患者血清β_２－ＭＧ值为３．５±０．５８ｍｇ／Ｌ，较正常人血清β_２－ＭＧ值３．２４±０．４５ｍｇ／Ｌ为高（ｔ检验，Ｐ＜０．０１），肺心病缓解期患者中有１４例（Ａ组）血清β_２－ＭＧ值为４．２９±０．３８ｍｇ／Ｌ，超过正常上限，且血ＢＵＮ６．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃｒ１３２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃｃｒ６４ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；另１６例（Ｂ组）血清β_２－ＭＧ值（３．１２±０．３４ｍｇ／Ｌ）正常，血ＢＵＮ５．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃｒ１１４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃｃｒ１０２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，两组β_２－ＭＧ及Ｃｃｒ比较有显著差异（ｔ检验，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示血清β_２－ＭＧ测定在慢性肺心病缓解期患者中较ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ能更早地发现肾功能减退。     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血NO、IL-2和TNF-α的检测

目的：为探讨非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）免疫调节情况及ＮＯ、ＴＮＦ－α在其肾病发病机制的作用。方法：ＮＯ：比色法测定；ＴＮＦ－α：双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ法）。结果：ＮＩＤＤＭ肾病组的ＩＬ－２水平（１．２６±０．２４）μｇ／Ｌ明显低于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＮＯ（ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３）（９１．２±２４．３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和ＴＮＦ－α（３．４０±１．２０）μｇ／Ｌ则显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；无并发症组有相同趋势，但无统计学意义。结论：提示ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＮＯ、ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－２调节紊乱，而且与ＮＩＤＤＭ肾病、感染等并发症有密切关系     

卡托普利治疗高血压病伴糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的临床观察

选择２６例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）伴Ⅱ型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ），其中糖尿病肾病（ＤＮ）１２例，加用卡托普利３７．５～１１２．５ｍｇ／日口服治疗，共４周．结果：收缩压（ＳＢＰ）／舒张庄（ＤＢＰ）由２１．９±２．３／１３．５±０．５ｋｐ＿ａ降为１９．３±１．５／１２．２±０．８Ｋｐ＿ａ（Ｐ＜０．０１），空腹血糖／餐后２小时血糖由１０．７±４．５／１３．７±３．９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ减为６．５±１．６／１０．２±２．７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２４小时尿蛋白由１．９±０．３ｇ减为０．６±０．３ｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１）．表明该药在降压的同时确有改善糖代谢、降低尿蛋白排泄的作用。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压患者胰岛素抵抗的研究

对４５例Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压病患者（ＮＩＤＤＭ＋ＨＰ）及２６例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者作了胰岛素、Ｃ肽兴奋试验及空腹血糖、血脂测定。ＮＩＤＤＭ＋Ｈｐ患者同ＮＩＤＤＭ患者相比，胰岛素、胰岛素面积以及Ｃ肽、Ｃ肽面积增高非常显著，而胰岛素敏感指数降低，相对敏感性约降低２５．１７％。两组ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ１都偏低，但ＮＩＤＤＭ＋ＨＰ组相对较高（Ｐ＜０．０５），此现象与该组总胆固醇（１９４．５±３７．２ｍｇ／ｄ１）较ＮＩＤＤＭ（１７３．３±３６９ｍｇ／ｄ１）高有关，Ｐ＜０．０５。     

甲基黄酮醇胺抗血栓形成的机理研究

采用生物鉴定法测定甲基黄酮醇胺（ＭＦＡ）对ＰＧＩ２和ＴＸＡ２样物质生成的影响。以血小板聚集率％表示大鼠颈总动脉环ＰＧＩ２活性，ＭＦＡ（２４．８μｍｏｌ／ｋｇ，ｉｖ）组，阿斯匹林（ＡＳＡ，０．８３ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ，ｉｖ）组和溶媒对照组分别为０．４７±０．１９、０．１８±０．１６、０．５０±０．１３／ｍｇ，结果提示：ＭＦＡ不抑制ＴＸＡ２的生成（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＳＡ明显抑制ＰＧＩ２的生成（Ｐ＜０．０１）。采用表面灌流法，ＡＡ为诱导剂，以兔主动脉条收缩强度（ｇ）表示ＴＸＡ２样物质的活性，ＭＦＡ（１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）组，咪唑（１．６７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）组和溶媒对照组分别为０．３８±０．１３、０．１７±０．０９和０．６９±０．２２ｇ，结果提示ＭＦＡ和咪唑抑制ＴＸＡ２样物质的生成（Ｐ＜０．０１）。采用放射免疫法测定，ＭＦＡ６．２μｍｏｌ或１２．４μｍｏｌ／ｋｇ能明显抑制心肌梗塞家兔ＴＸＢ２的升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而对６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α无明显影响     

肝性脑病大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞氨基酸激活电流改变

探讨氨基酸受体门控性离子通道电流改变在肝性脑病（ＨＥ）发生中的作用。方法用快速加药装置将５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌγ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）或１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）＋１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）加于急性分离的大白鼠海马ＣＡ１区锥体细胞周围，用全细胞膜片钳技术记录ＧＡＢＡ或ＮＭＤＡ激活的电流。结果ＨＥ大鼠海马ＣＡ１区锥体细胞ＧＡＢＡ激活的内向电流的强度为４１３．３±４３６．８ｐＡ（３１例），比对照大鼠（２３３．４±１７９．７ｐＡ，２８例）有较大增强（ｔ＝２．１０４９，Ｐ＜０．０５）。并观察到ＨＥ大鼠ＧＡＢＡ激活电流的出现频率较对照大鼠高。ＨＥ大鼠ＮＭＤＡ激活的内向电流的强度为４０８．５±３１７．２ｐＡ（３７例），比对照大鼠（８８２．６±８９６．５ｐＡ，２６例）弱（ｔ＝２．５８５１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。两组大鼠ＮＭＤＡ激活电流的出现频率无明显差异。结论氨基酸受体门控性离子通道电流改变在肝性脑病发生中起一定作用。     

糖尿病患者血清IGF—1测定及其相关因素分析

为探讨糖尿病人血ＩＧＦ－１水平变化并分析其相关因素，本文作者检测了２０名正常人，４６例糖尿病人（其中ＩＤＤＭ９例，ＮＩＤＤＭ３７例）的血ＩＧＦ－１、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素、生长激素水平，并分析了血清ＩＧＦ－１与年龄、血糖、糖在红蛋白、胰岛素、生长激素等之间的相关性，结果发现：（１）ＩＤＤＭ病人血清ＩＧＦ－１水平明显低于正常人以及ＮＩＤＤＭ病人，ＮＩＤＤＭ病人的ＩＧＦ－１水平与正常人接近；（２）     

芬氟拉明对磺脲类失效的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的疗效

３１例经磺脲类（ＳＵ）口服降糖药治疗继发失效的非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ） 患者，在足量ＳＵ药物的基础上联合应用芬氟拉明治疗。疗程为６周。结果显示：联合治疗前 后空腹血糖（ＦＢＧ）分别为：１２．０５±２．３８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ与８．３５±９．４３ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１；餐后血 糖（ＰＢＧ）分别为：１９．０６±５．４５ｍｍｏｌＬ与１３．１８±５．３７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１；糖基化血红蛋白 （ＨｂＡ１Ｃ）分别为：９．５１±２．４２％与６．６８±１．３１％。Ｐ＜０．００１。体块指数（ＢＭＩ）、空腹血浆胰 岛素（ＦＰＩ）及餐后血浆胰岛素（ＰＰＩ）均无明显改变。胰岛素敏感试验结果显示于治疗后各点 血糖水平均有不同程度下降。     

非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病患者血中IL─2和TNF─α水平评价

测定ＮＩＤＤＭ患者５０例,正常对照组６０例的血清ＩＬ－２和ＴＮＦ－α值,结果ＮＩＤＤＭ患者血中ＩＬ－２和ＴＮＦ－α值分别为６．９３±３．４２ｎｇ／１和１．０２±０．６５ｎｇ／１．较正常对照组稍低,但两组差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示早期、无并发症的ＮＩＤＤＭ患者无显著免疫功能紊乱,ＩＬ－２,ＴＮＦ－α等细胞因子在糖尿病特别是ＮＩＤＤＭ的发生,发展中所起作用有待进一步探讨。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.