干细胞移植治疗糖尿病

糖尿病是严重危害健康的疾病,现有的治疗方法仍有诸多不足.胰岛干细胞移植是治疗糖尿病的一条新途径.干细胞生成胰岛素分泌细胞前需要经过诱导分化,细胞选择和细胞成熟三个阶段.干细胞治疗糖尿病的研究已取得一定进展,部分实验已纠正糖尿病动物的高血糖状态.在临床应用干细胞治疗糖尿病之前,还有一些技术障碍有待克服.     

干细胞移植与1型糖尿病治疗的研究进展

干细胞是一类未分化的具有高度自我更新和多向分化潜能的细胞。包括胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。用干细胞移植治疗1型糖尿病。目的在于使其治愈，并且避免糖尿病严重的并发症。国外一些研究小组已将干细胞移植治疗1型糖尿病的研究重点定住于造血干细胞移植。虽然有几个研究已成功显示了使用从造血组织提取的成体干细胞转化为胰腺内分泌细胞，使其治疗1型糖尿病成为可能性。但干细胞移植治疗1型糖尿病的研究毕竟刚刚起步，其确切疗效有待进一步研究。     

脐血干细胞移植治疗1型糖尿病的研究进展

1型糖尿病是由于胰岛β细胞破坏所致的胰岛素绝对缺乏。脐血干细胞具备的增殖和分化能力使其成为胰岛素分泌细胞的潜在来源。脐血干细胞可定向诱导分化为胰岛β细胞,进而发挥治疗糖尿病作用。脐血干细胞治疗糖尿病研究已取得了一定进展,部分实验已纠正糖尿病动物的高血糖状态。     

1型糖尿病的干细胞治疗研究进展

1型糖尿病是T细胞介导的导致胰腺β细胞破坏的自身免疫性疾病，目前没有根治办法。干细胞是一类未分化的具有高度自我更新及多向分化潜能的细胞，包括胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。研究显示，这些干细胞能够被诱导分化成胰岛素分泌细胞，使其治疗糖尿病成为可能。本文就1型糖尿病的干细胞治疗研究作一综述。     

脐血细胞治疗糖尿病的研究进展

干细胞移植是治疗糖尿病的一条新途径,脐血数量丰富、取材容易且不存在伦理问题,成为干细胞的理想来源之一。脐血细胞治疗糖尿病的研究已取得一定进展,部分实验显示可纠正糖尿病动物的高血糖状态。在临床应用脐血细胞治疗糖尿病之前,还有一些技术障碍有待克服。     

胰岛干细胞研究的回顾与进展

胰岛细胞移植治疗糖尿病已受到供体不足的严重制约。科研人员多年来致力于胰岛干细胞的研究,希望通过胰岛干细胞的体外培养扩增及体内移植来解决胰岛细胞供应不足的问题,开辟了一条治疗糖尿病的新途径。要想进行胰岛干细胞的体外培养扩增及体内移植就必须首先明确胰岛干细胞的特异性标志物。其次要掌握将相关干细胞诱导分化为胰岛干细胞或胰岛素分泌细胞的方法和技术。     

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗糖尿病的护理观察

随着人民生活水平的提高以及生活方式的现代化,我国糖尿病的患病率正逐年增加,已达3．23％,估计我国目前糖尿病患者数已超过4000万。糖尿病是一种慢性终身性疾病,致残率较高,发生机制复杂,目前尚无根治方法。近年来干细胞移植再生技术的开展为糖尿病治疗提供了一个新思路,在大量细胞生物学和动物实验的基础上,国际糖尿病干细胞治疗合作组创立了自体骨髓干细胞移植疗法,该疗法较好地解决了移植物来源和免疫排斥问题,是一项旨在根治糖尿病的新技术,     

胰腺干细胞研究进展

糖尿病是危害人类健康的主要疾病之一，传统治疗如药物和外源性胰岛素替代疗法存在很多问题，并发症已经成为糖尿病致死的主要原因，因此重建内源性胰岛素分泌系统成为治愈糖尿病潜在的希望所在。目前胰岛细胞移植治疗糖尿病已成为研究的热点，是治疗糖尿病的一条新途径，本文就干细胞的分类、存在部位、分离及鉴定、特异性标志物及增殖分化因子等作一综述，并对其研究方向作一展望。     

干细胞向胰岛细胞的诱导分化及其在实验性糖尿病治疗中的应用

胰岛移植是治疗糖尿病的一种有效方法，然而，供体的缺乏极大地限制了胰岛移植的临床应用。如何解决胰岛移植所需的细胞来源是当今医学研究的一个重要问题。虽然异种胰岛移植是一种可能的解决途径，但它所伴随的免疫排斥和病毒感染等问题至今还没有得到解决。干细胞具有自我增生的能力和分化成为各种组织细胞的潜能。通过体外培养干细胞并将其诱导分化成为胰岛的内分泌细胞，将有可能解决糖尿病治疗所需要的细胞来源。干细胞由于组织起源的不同在增生和分化能力上存在很大差别。将干细胞诱导分化成为胰岛的内分泌细胞并形成适合于细胞移植的胰岛样结构涉及到许多关键技术。虽然，国际上已经在此研究领域取得了一些令人鼓舞的研究结果，但将干细胞技术应用于糖尿病的治疗还有许多问题有待解决。本文就这方面的研究进展及有待解决的问题作一扼要的综述。     

胰岛干细胞治疗糖尿病新进展

糖尿病已成为继心血管疾病和肿瘤之后的第三大疾病，预计2005年全球将有3亿患者。按病因学，糖尿病可主要分为1型和2型。治疗方案主要是药物和注射胰岛素，这给患者和社会带来沉重的负担，因此重建内源性胰岛分泌系统是多年来人们关注的热点，但无论是胰腺还是胰岛细胞的移植，均有两大难题：供体的匮乏；免疫的排斥。干细胞的深入性研究，为胰岛移植提出新的材料来源。本文就胰岛干细胞在糖尿病治疗方面的优点、现状及发展趋势作一综述。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.