255名大学生便秘回顾性分析

目的了解大学生便秘现状,探讨引起大学生功能性便秘原因,为促进其身心健康教育提供依据。方法随意抽样11个大专护理学生进行问卷调查。结果被调查大学生522人,有便秘者255人,占被调查者的49%;入校后发生便秘大学生占便秘者的96%;便秘大学生有伴随症状占便秘学生的75%;便秘治疗的大学生占便秘学生的73%。便秘诊治的方式效果,经χ2检验,P<0.01有统计学意义,医院最理想,其次个体卫生所,网络信息与电视广告最差。结论大学生便秘发生率高,应加强对大学生便秘的健康教育。为了降低大学生便秘发病率,笔者针对引起大学生功能性便秘的5种因素提出了防治便秘的8条建议。     

大学生1 750名心理健康状况调查分析

高校大学生有其生理、心理及社会角色的特殊性 ,为了解邯郸市高校大学生心理健康状况 ,我们做了相关调查 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　采用分层整群抽样方法 ,抽取邯郸市各类高校的大学生 175 0人 ,其中男 84 5人 (48% ) ,女 90 5人(5 2 % ) ,平均年龄 2 1 8岁。1 2　方法　采用临床症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)、艾森克人格特征问卷 (EPQ)及自行设计的问卷 ,使用统一指导语 ,不记名 ,要求被调查者独立完成。调查时间 :2 0 0 3年 4月 1日至 4日。1 3　统计学方法　用SPSS软件对数…     

268例颈椎病治疗前后的脑血流图、脑电图及脑电地形图对比分析

目的：探讨脑血流图（REG）、脑电图（EEG）、脑电地形图（BEAM）对椎动脉型颈椎病患者治疗前后的诊断价值。方法：REG用湖南益灵新技术有限公司产REG－Ⅱ型血流图自动分析诊断仪,按脑血流图常规描记并加左右转颈试验;脑电图及脑电地形图采用丹麦CONCERTO、SEEG－16导脑电地形图技术,按国际10－20系统安放电极,作脑电图常规描记和脑电地形图分析。结果：268例椎动脉型颈椎病患者治疗前三项检查结果均有异常,REG的异常率比EEG、BEAM明显。治疗后三项检查异常率明显降低,REG尤为显著。结论：REG检查椎－基底动脉供血不足是具有价值的指标之一,而EG、BEAM对脑供血不足所致的脑功能受损有一定的参考价值。     

核素脑图88例临床分析

近几年来,CT在神经系统疾病的诊断中发挥了重要作用,但是在脑缺血性疾病,尤其是一过性脑缺血发作与可逆性缺血性神经缺损的早期病理生理性改变阶段,其诊断价值较小。而SPECT脑放射图却能够比较早期发现,弥补了CT的不足,两者结合将会提高对神经系统疾病的诊断率,现将我院88例的检查结果报告如下。资料和方法一、临床资料对照组32例,均为非颅脑疾病亦无脑血管疾病的正常人,其中男4例,女28例;年龄18～55     

抽动-秽语综合征患者应用脑电超慢涨落技术与脑电图仪进行诊断的比较

目的探讨抽动-秽语综合征患者脑电超慢涨落（ET）的变化特点.方法对30例抽动-秽语综合征患者进行脑电超慢涨落分析仪和脑电图检查与分析.结果 30例患者中仅5例出现脑电图异常,表现为后头部波幅弥漫降低,而所有病例ET检测均有异常,表现为脑功能欠佳,记忆力指标下降;多巴胺、乙酰胆碱、强兴奋介质谷氨酸类显著增高,同时伴有弥散性缺血、缺氧指标,提示脑状态偏向缺血、兴奋以及应激水平增高.结论抽动-秽语综合征患者脑ET均存在明显异常,与传统脑电图比较,ET对该综合征的诊断敏感性更高.     

慢性酒精中毒36例脑电图分析

目的观察慢性酒精中毒临床脑电图（EEG）变化。方法对36例慢性酒精中毒患者行EEG检查并与同期头部CT检查进行对照。结果EEG异常26例（72.2%）,CT异常18例（50%）。EEG异常表现为弥慢性改变。结论慢性酒精中毒EEG检查更早、更适合判断大脑受损程度。对临床治疗、预防、预后有重要意义。     

头痛患儿180例脑电图分析

目的 探讨脑电图(EEG)检查对小儿头痛病因的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值.方法 对180例头痛患儿进行EEG描记,记录其脑电活动情况并分析.结果 180例患儿中,EEG表现正常56例,异常124例,异常率68.89％,其中轻度异常78例,占43.33％;中度异常14例,占7.78％;高度异常2例,占1.11％;临界状态5例,占2,78％;痫样活动25例,占13.89％.头痛间歇期正常97例,异常率为46.11％,显著低于发作期(x2 =15.16,P＜0.05).结论 对头痛患儿行EEC检查有重要意义.     

165名新训士兵胫骨骨膜增生分析

武警部队某支队对1999～2003年度新兵1410人中165例由于新训导致胫骨骨膜增生情况进行了调查,现将调查结果报告如下。     

110名大学生维生素C营养状况调查

维生素C参与体内许多氧化还原反应,是形成骨貉、牙齿、结缔组织及一切非上皮组织细胞间粘结物所必需,营养充足可维持牙齿、骨骼、血管的正常功能,增加对疾病的抵抗力。从全国范围看,维生素C的缺乏受膳食影响较大,特别是冬春季节由于新鲜蔬菜供给较少,使得维生素C缺乏比较突出。为了了解东北地区大学生春季维生素C的营养状况和影响因素,我们对我院89级医疗     

小儿头痛的脑电图及临床分析

我科自1988年开展脑电图(EEG)检查以来,至1999年7月共检查罹患“头痛”的患儿脑电图622人次,大多数系偏头痛,且均经CT检查除外了颅内器质性病变。现将其脑电图的特点及临床表现分析如下。     

Relationships among self-report assessments of craving in binge-drinking university students

To assess the relationships among self-report craving questionnaires, and between craving and alcohol consumption, we administered four previously published measures of craving (Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, Temptation-Restraint Inventory), five single-item Visual Analog Scales (need, urge, craving, desire, compulsion), and measures of alcohol consumption and drinking consequences to 112 university students attending a large, public state university who reported at least two binge-drinking episodes (5+ drinks in a row by men; 4+ drinks in a row by women) in the previous 30 days. The associations among the multi-item self-report measures of craving were often larger for men than women, but the coefficients were typically statistically significant and meaningful regardless of gender, indicating good convergent validity despite differences in phrasing of items, response formats, and time periods over which craving was assessed. Generally smaller correlations among the VAS items indicated that these five terms were not inter-changeable among themselves (nor were they inter-changeable with scores on the multi-item questionnaires). Similarly to investigations using clinical samples, regression analyses revealed that recent drinking by binge-drinking students was associated with certain measures of self-reported craving.     

Executive functioning and alcohol binge drinking in university students

Background

Binge drinking (BD) is prevalent among college students. Studies on alcoholism have shown that the prefrontal cortex is vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol. The prefrontal cortex undergoes both structural and functional changes during adolescence and young adulthood. Sex differences have been observed in brain maturation and in alcohol-induced damage. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between BD and cognitive functions subserved by the prefrontal cortex in male and female university students.

Methods

The sample comprised 122 undergraduates (aged 18 to 20 years): 62 BD (30 females) and 60 non-BD (29 females). Executive functions were assessed by WMS-III (Backward Digit Span and Backward Spatial Span), SOPT (abstract designs), Letter Fluency (PMR), BADS (Zoo Map and Key Search) and WCST-3.

Results

BD students scored lower in the Backward Digit Span Subtest and generated more perseverative responses in the SOPT In relation to interaction BD by sex, BD males scored lower in the Backward Digit Span test than BD females and non-BD males.

Conclusions

BD is associated with poorer performance of executive functions subserved by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The results do not support enhanced vulnerability of women to alcohol neurotoxic effects. These difficulties may reflect developmental delay or frontal lobe dysfunction.     

Motives for drinking, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems among British secondary-school and university students

Relationships among reasons for drinking, alcohol consumption, and drinking-related problems were assessed among secondary-school students (N=328) and university students (N=74) in North Wales, United Kingdom, and results were compared with results from North America. The ability of drinking reasons to predict drinking problems was tested in both age groups. Khavari Alcohol Test, Quantity-Frequency-Variability Index, Reasons for Drinking Questionnaire, and Rutgers Alcohol Problems Index were used to measure the variables of interest. Regression and mediational analyses indicated that negative reasons were stronger predictors of drinking problems than were positive reasons among both secondary-school and university students. Results also showed that the effect of both positive and negative drinking reasons on alcohol-related problems was partially mediated by alcohol consumption among both secondary-school students and university students. There were different correlates of problematic drinking among younger and older students, which suggest that different types of intervention should be used with the two age groups.     

某高校大学生水痘患者临床分析

目的提高对成人水痘的认识，为大学生传染性疾病的防控和学校卫生保健工作提供依据。方法对某高校医院2005年1月至2009年1月收治的163例大学生水痘患者进行临床分析。结果成人水痘前驱症状较重，类似上呼吸道感染，易误诊和漏诊。结论提高对成人水痘的认识和警惕性，最大限度降低水痘对患者身心和学习的影响，防止水痘在一定范围内流行。     

西藏大学学生膳食营养状况调查分析

目的:了解西藏大学学生膳食营养状况.方法:采用随机抽样的方法对西藏大学1038名学生进行了营养调查,膳食调查主要采用了食物频率法(FFQ)以及连续3天的24小时回顾法,同时进行了血常规和血压等检查、体格测量等.将计算学生每人每日营养素的摄入量与中国居民推荐膳食营养素摄入量(recommended nutrient intake,RNI)及适宜摄入量(adequate intake,AI)进行比较.结果:西藏大学学生多数维生素摄入不足,在各种维生素中仅有2～3项达到或超过RNI及AI,新鲜蔬菜、豆类、牛奶、鸡蛋、海产品等摄入频率不够理想,有14.9%的学生不吃早餐.结论:学生的饮食结构不够理想,应该合理的进行膳食搭配.提高蔬菜水果类、鱼虾类、奶类、豆类等的摄入频率,积极提倡合理饮食,提高大学生营养状况.     

Co-occurring addictive behaviors: an analysis of risk profiles among university students

Objectives: The first goal of this study was to empirically identify, among university students, groups with varying levels of risk based on indicators of gambling and substance use. The second goal was to compare the identified groups on various demographic characteristics.

Methods: The study comprised of 2139 full-time undergraduate students, representative of university students in Montreal, Canada. A 3-step latent class logistic regression analysis was performed to identify groups and compare them on demographic characteristics.

Results: The statistical fit indices of the latent class analysis revealed a four-class solution. Class 1 (30.1% of the sample) included non-gamblers with low probabilities of substance use. Class 2 (11.2% of the sample) grouped non-gamblers with high-risk patterns of consumption. Class 3 (36.42% of the sample) included gamblers who are low-risk substance users, and individuals in Class 4 (22.25% of the sample) reported risky patterns of gambling and substance-using behaviors. Results of the logistic regression suggested that gender, being born in Canada, and working full- or part-time are significant predictors of class membership. Participants in both groups labeled at-risk (with and without gambling) were also more likely to report psychological distress and to live outside the family environment.

Conclusions: This study raises important questions regarding the choice of preventive models and feeds into the long-standing debate around universal versus high-risk approaches.     

衡阳师范学院大学生病毒性肝炎流行特征及防治

目的了解病毒性肝炎在衡阳师范学院大学生中的流行规律,总结以往防治策略的经验和教训,为今后制定科学的策略提供依据。方法2001～2003年采用ELISA法和赖氏法,对衡阳师范学院大学生、教职工和幼儿园儿童随机抽样进行HAV、HBV、HCV血清学和肝功能检测。结果衡阳师范学院病毒性肝炎感染率大学生高于院内其他人群;男生高于女生;临床分型以乙型肝炎为主,甲型肝炎次之;每年的感染高峰为3月和10月。结论降低感染率的关键是对易感人群及时注射甲、乙肝疫苗;对大学生进行健康教育,普及预防肝炎的基本知识;及时发现早期病人,严格隔离治疗;加强对食堂的卫生监督。