Burden of pancreatitis and associated risk factors in China, 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background:Pancreatitis is a common disease of the digestive system. Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons for gastrointestinal hospital admission, and chronic pancreatitis significantly reduces quality of life. However, national epidemiological data on pancreatitis in China are lacking. This study aimed to quantify the disease burden of pancreatitis in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods:This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 dataset. Age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the disease burden of pancreatitis, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to indicate the average change in age-standardized rates. We also described the trend of pancreatitis-related mortality and DALYs, which are attributable to alcohol use by age and sex.Results:From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and age-standardized DALYs of pancreatitis in China decreased by 10.90, 1.50, 0.49, and 15.54 per 100,000, respectively, with EAPCs of −1.35 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: −1.67, −1.02) and −0.37 (95% UI: −0.43, −0.31), −2.01 (95% UI: −2.07, −1.94) and −2.32 (95% UI: −2.37, −2.28), respectively. Recently, the numbers of incident and prevalent cases have risen, with estimates of 380,018 (95% UI: 308,669–462,767) and 493,765 (95% UI: 416,705–578,675), respectively, in 2019. Among men, the disease burden of pancreatitis was more severe than among women, and with variances in the distribution among different age groups. Age-standardized DALYs caused by alcohol-related pancreatitis have gradually worsened in the past decade, accounting for 34.09% of the total in 2019.Conclusions:The disease burden of pancreatitis in China has declined in the past 30 years, but the exacerbation of population aging poses a challenge to prevention and control of pancreatitis. Alcohol use has gradually become an important factor in the disease burden of pancreatitis in recent years.     

Changes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden globally and in China over three decades: a secondary analysis of global HIV statistics

Background:A more comprehensive understanding of the trends of incidence, prevalence, and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and their complex interrelationships, may provide important evidence for decision-making related to HIV prevention and control. The variances in these indices between different population groups, genders, and ages are critical to decipher evolving patterns of the HIV epidemic in specific populations.Methods:A secondary analysis of relevant data was conducted using data extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study of 2019. HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence, prevalence, AIDS-related mortality, and mortality-to-prevalence ratio (MPR) for annual percentage change, average annual percentage change (AAPC), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using joinpoint regression statistical analysis.Results:The AAPC of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, AIDS-related mortality rate, and MPR were –1.4 (95% CI: –1.6, –1.2), 4.1 (95% CI: 4.0, 4.3), 2.0 (95% CI: 1.7, 2.3), and –2.1 (95% CI: –2.3, –1.8) between 1990 and 2019 globally, and were 3.5 (95% CI: 2.2, 4.8), 6.9 (95% CI: 6.8, 7.0), 8.1 (95% CI: 7.1, 9.1), and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.3) in China during the same period. In terms of differences in the preceding indicators by gender, we observed a similar pattern of trends for male and female genders both globally and in China during the entire study period. Each specific age group exhibits a distinct pattern in terms of incidence, prevalence, mortality rate, and MPR both globally and in China.Conclusions:Prevalence and mortality rates of HIV/AIDS have increased between 1990 and 2019 globally and in China. While the incidence rate and MPR have declined globally over the past three decades, these two indicators are observed to present an increasing trend in China. There is a high HIV burden among young and middle-aged adults globally; however, the elderly have a high HIV burden in China. HIV screening at older age should be scaled up, and patients with advanced HIV disease should be provided early with additional care and health resources.     

1990—2019年中国人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征流行趋势及疾病负担

目的 分析1990—2019年中国人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(HIV/AIDS)疾病流行现状、负担及危险因素变化趋势,预测2020—2030年HIV/AIDS发病和死亡情况。方法 探讨1990—2019年中国HIV/AIDS疾病的流行现状,通过Joinpoint回归拟合其发病率和疾病负担变化趋势。采用集成嵌套拉普拉斯近似(INLA)的贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列分析(BAPC)方法预测2020—2030年HIV/AIDS发病和死亡趋势。结果 1990—2019年中国男性HIV/AIDS标化发病率、标化死亡率高于女性,15～19岁、20～24岁标化发病率总体呈增长趋势,75～79岁标化发病率变化幅度最大。1990—2019年中国HIV/AIDS标化发病率、标化伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)率均呈上升趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.001);归因于危险性行为的标化DALYs率最高。BAPC预测结果显示,2020—2030年中国男性HIV/AIDS标化死亡率呈上升趋势。结论 中国青少年HIV/AIDS发病风险持续增加,老年群体死亡风险也不容忽视;HIV/AIDS疾病负担呈上升趋...     

四省份HIV/AIDS患者因病所致的家庭经济负担及其影响因素研究

背景 随着抗反转录病毒治疗的推广,HIV/AIDS患者的期望寿命延长,与年龄相关的疾病愈发常见。且患者易发机会性感染、共感染等情况,健康状况不佳,医疗费用较高,经济负担较重。然而,目前有关HIV/AIDS患者家庭经济负担的研究较少。 目的 了解我国四省份（北京市、河南省、贵州省、安徽省）HIV/AIDS患者因病所致的家庭经济负担现状,并探究其影响因素。 方法 于2020年12月至2021年5月,采用典型抽样法在北京市、贵州省、安徽省各选择1家医疗机构、在河南省选择1家疾病预防与控制中心作为调查地点,采用方便抽样法在各调查地点选取2020年获取过医疗卫生服务的HIV/AIDS患者作为调查对象。采用课题组自行设计的问卷,收集患者的社会人口学及经济学特征、疾病状况及就医情况指标。根据患者2020年的自付医疗费用和家庭年收入计算费用收入比,以费用收入比>25%为出现了家庭经济负担,否则为未出现家庭经济负担。 结果 共纳入1 446例患者,患者费用收入比以≤1%（400例,27.7%）和>1%~5%（418例,28.9%）为主,出现家庭经济负担的患者为237例（16.4%）。不同地区、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化水平、职业、户口性质、流动情况、医疗保险类型、家庭年收入水平、感染途径、CD4+ T细胞计数、就医形式的患者出现因病所致家庭经济负担者占比比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示：女性出现家庭经济负担的风险高于男性〔OR（95%CI）=1.729（1.050,2.853）〕,≥65岁者出现家庭经济负担的风险高于18~24岁者〔OR（95%CI）=3.445（1.188,10.227）〕,离异者出现家庭经济负担的风险高于未婚者〔OR（95%CI）=2.241（1.073,4.678）〕,事业单位人员出现家庭经济负担的风险低于家务/待业/无业者〔OR（95%CI）=0.287（0.081,0.898）〕,家庭年收入水平为中低收入、低收入者出现家庭经济负担的风险高于高收入者〔OR（95%CI）分别为3.556（1.471,9.428）和29.614（12.348,79.211）〕,经异性性行为感染者出现家庭经济负担的风险较经同性性行为感染者低〔OR（95%CI）=0.356（0.186,0.670）〕,从未接受过抗艾滋病病毒治疗（ART）患者出现家庭经济负担的风险低于接受过ART者〔OR（95%CI）=0.241（0.055,0.835）〕,CD4+ T细胞计数为201~350、≤200个/μl者出现家庭经济负担的风险高于>500个/μl者〔OR（95%CI）分别为2.347（1.237,4.515）和2.365（1.200,4.702）〕,仅住院者、门诊+住院者出现家庭经济负担的风险高于仅门诊者〔OR（95%CI）分别为12.492（5.592,27.818）和23.690（14.519,39.933）〕。 结论 HIV/AIDS患者费用收入比较低,部分患者出现了家庭经济负担。性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、家庭年收入水平等社会人口学和经济相关特征,感染途径、ART、CD4+ T细胞计数水平、就医形式等疾病和就医相关特征是影响HIV/AIDS患者家庭经济负担的因素。未来应重点关注女性、老年、重症及家庭年收入较低的HIV/AIDS患者,继续完善和落实相关医疗保障政策,切实、有效地降低HIV/AIDS患者的家庭经济负担。     

Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases Caused by Specific Etiologies in China, 1990-2016:Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Objective To estimate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies in China.Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016(GBD 2016) were used. We evaluated the burden by analyzing age-sex-province-specific prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted lifeyears(DALYs) of 33 provinces in China.Results From 1990 to 2016, prevalence cases in thousands increased by 73.7% from 6833.3(95% UI:6498.0–7180.6) to 11869.6(95% UI: 11274.6–12504.7). Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates per100,000 decreased by 51.2% and 53.3%, respectively. Male and elderly people(aged ≥ 60 years)preponderance were found for prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. The number of prevalence cases,deaths, and DALYs due to hepatitis C virus(HCV) increased by 86.6%, 8.7%, and 0.9%, respectively. Also,age-standardized prevalence rates decreased in 31 provinces, but increased in Yunnan and Shandong.The Socio-demographic Index(SDI) values were negatively correlated with age-standardized mortality and DALY rates by provinces in 2016; the correlation coefficients were-0.817 and-0.828, respectively.Conclusion Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases remain a huge health burden in China, with the increase of population and the aging of population. Hepatitis B virus(HBV) remains the leading cause of the health burden in China.     

Disparity of human immunodeficiency virus incidence and drug resistance in college student,non-student youth and older men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study from seven major cities of China

Background:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among student men who have sex with men (MSM) in college is more than 5.0% and keeps on increasing in China. This study aims to clarify the proportion of HIV recent infection, its propeller and the source among college student MSM.Methods:We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in seven major Chinese cities during 2012-2013. HIV recent infections (≤ 168 days) and incidence was measured and estimated by BED HIV-1 capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) testing strategy. HIV-related behaviors and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) were investigated and compared between the college student MSM, <25-year-old non-student youth MSM (NSYM), and ≥25-year-old non-student non-youth MSM (NSNYM), using structured survey, and analyses of drug resistance.Results:Overall, 4,496 (4496/4526, 99.3%) were eligible for enrollment, comprising 565 college student MSM, 1,094 NSYM, and 2,837 NSNYM. The proportion of HIV recent infection were 70.3% (26/37), 50.8% (65/128) and 35.1% (95/271), the HIV incidence rate were 10.0 (95% CI: 6.2-13.9)/100PY, 12.9 (95% CI: 9.8-16.1)/100PY, 6.8 (95% CI: 5.4-8.2)/100PY, and TDR prevalence were 7.4% (2/27), 2.0%, (2/98) and 4.9% (11/226), among student MSM, NSYM, and NSNYM, respectively. Among HIV positive student MSM with age< 21-year-old, the proportion of HIV recent infection is 90.9% (10/11). Factors independently associated with HIV recent infection in student MSM was usage of recreational drug in the past 6 months (AOR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.0–5.8).Conclusions:College student MSM had higher proportion of HIV recent infection and TDR than the youth and older MSM in China during 2012-2013. The HIV infections were more likely to happen during the early year of college life among student MSM.