人类卵母细胞及植入前胚胎中母性效应基因Mater mRNA的表达

目的:了解母性效应基因Mater表达与人类卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育不同阶段的关系。方法:用巢式逆转录多聚酶链式反应(single cell nested RT-PCR)方法检测人类卵子和植入前各阶段胚胎的母性效应基因Mater mRNA的表达。结果:Mater在人类卵母细胞GV、MⅠ、MⅡ都有表达,植入前胚胎1、2、4、6细胞期表达量逐渐下降,到8细胞期、囊胚、孵出囊胚期均未检测到Mater mRNA表达。结论:人类卵母细胞和植入前胚胎Mater基因的表达量随发育时间的改变而变化,对卵子生长和胚胎发育有重要意义,与母性效应基因在小鼠等其他哺乳动物中的表达模式相似。     

Role of the Ped Gene and Apoptosis Genes in Control of Preimplantation Development

Purpose: The properties of the mouse Ped gene and the genes that mediate apoptosis in mediating preimplantation embryonic survival were reviewed. Methods: Preimplantation mouse oocytes and embryos were evaluated microscopically and biochemically for rate of development, degree of fragmentation, and gene expression to correlate these characteristics with embryo mortality. Biochemical assays included PCR for DNA analysis, RT-PCR for mRNA analysis, immuno-PCR for protein analysis, and TUNEL assay for assessment of apoptosis. Results: Using the mouse as a model system we have identified a gene that controls the rate of development, the Ped gene. The Ped gene product is a class Ib major histocompatibility complex protein called the Qa-2 antigen. Research to understand the molecular mechanisms of Ped gene action and to identify the human homologue of the Ped gene is under way. We have also shown using the mouse model, that fragmented embryos show the morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis. Genes in the two major gene families that regulate apoptosis, the caspase and Bcl-2 families, are expressed in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Conclusions: Preimplantation embryonic survival depends on two major morphological parameters: rate of development and degree of fragmentation. A fast rate of development and a low degree of fragmentation lead to a better chance of producing live offspring. Both rate of development and degree of fragmentation are genetically controlled, the former by the Ped gene and the latter most likely by genes that mediate apoptosis. It seems probable that regulation of apoptosis will prove to be a major mechanism that mediates oocyte and preimplantation embryonic survival.     

Classical and non-classical Major Histocompatibility Complex class I gene expression in in vitro derived bovine embryos

The role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) genes in human and mouse preimplantation embryo development has received considerable attention. In contrast, information concerning the role of these genes in bovine embryo development is limited. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression pattern of MHC-I genes during preimplantation embryo development in cattle. To this end, bovine oocytes were harvested from slaughterhouse ovaries, matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. Samples were collected at immature and mature oocyte, presumptive zygote, 2–4-cell embryo, 8–16-cell embryo, morula, blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stages of development. MHC-I expression was detected using quantitative real-time-PCR, cDNA sequencing, whole mount immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. We report classical and non-classical MHC-I mRNA expression in bovine oocytes and developing embryos. Furthermore, we report that the pattern of MHC-I mRNA expression across development was gene- and stage-specific.     

Impact of the one-carbon metabolism on oocyte maturation,fertilization, embryo quality,and subsequent pregnancy

PurposeTo investigate impact of the one‐carbon metabolism (OCM) on oocyte maturity and embryo development.MethodsThis prospective study analyzed 18 women who agreed to participate. We measured the OCM biomarkers’ concentrations including Vitamin B12 (VB12), folic acid (FA), and homocysteine (Hcy) in serum and follicular fluid (FF), and assessed their correlation. We also evaluated the influence of such OCM biomarker concentrations in mono‐FF on oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryo quality, and consequent pregnancy after embryo transfers.ResultsAll biomarkers showed a high concentration variability in different follicles of each woman, but their mean levels correlated with the serum levels. Among the 106 collected oocytes, 92 were mature, 59 were fertilized, and 16 yielded good‐quality embryos. We performed 26 single embryo transfers, and 7 patients achieved clinical pregnancies. VB12 concentration (FF) was significantly lower in fertilized than unfertilized oocytes by univariate analysis. In multivariate logistic analysis, a significant correlation was found between FA concentration (FF) <14.25 ng/mL and good‐quality embryos and between Hcy concentration (FF) <4.9 nmol/mL and clinical pregnancy.ConclusionOCM in FF may affect fertilization, embryo quality, and clinical pregnancy.     

Correlation between human follicular diameter and oocyte outcomes in an ICSI program

Purpose: To determine the correlation between the follicular sizes and oocyte recovery, metaphase II oocyte recovery, fertilization rate and good embryo quality from mature and immature oocytes in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. Methods: 991 follicles obtained from 72 ICSI cycles were classified into three groups according to their diameters as measured by transvaginal ultrasound including group A (<10 mm), group B (10–14 mm), and group C (>14 mm). All obtained oocytes were classified according to their nuclear maturation: germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II (MII). Mature oocytes underwent ICSI while immature oocytes were further cultured until maturity before ICSI was performed. The rates of fertilization and good quality embryos at day 3 were evaluated. Results: A progressive and significant increase in the rates of oocyte recovery and MII oocyte recovery were observed from group A follicles compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The fertilization rate of mature and in vitro matured oocytes, as well as the rate of good quality embryos showed a tendency to increase from group A to group C follicles, but not significantly. The corresponding fertilization rates were 78 and 55.3% (p < 0.001) for mature and in vitro matured oocytes, respectively. Conclusion: Collection of oocytes from small follicles, especially with a mean diameter less than 10 mm, and in vitro maturation of immature oocytes before fertilization may allow the total number of good quality and transferable embryos to be increased.     

Fertilization, embryo development, and clinical outcome of immature oocytes obtained from natural cycle in vitro fertilization

Purpose

To analyze the fertilization, embryo development, and clinical outcome of immature oocytes obtained from natural cycle IVF in women with regular cycles.

Methods

Natural cycle IVF was performed in 28 patients who had normal ovaries, > 6 antral follicle counts and were less than 40 years old (n = 28 cycles). An hCG trigger of 10,000 IU was administered 36 h before oocyte collection when the diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) was over 12 mm. Oocytes were retrieved from DF as well as from the cohort of smaller follicles. Embryological aspects of the mature and immature oocytes retrieved from these cycles as well as the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates depending on the origin of the embryos transferred were evaluated.

Result(s)

Overall clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were 20.8 % and 6.7 %, respectively. There were no differences in in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization and embryo development between immature oocytes retrieved with and without in vivo matured oocytes. However, the clinical and implantation rates in cycles with embryos produced from in vivo matured oocytes transferred were better than the cycles where only IVM embryos were transferred (30.8 %, 9.1 % vs. 9.1 %, 3.2 %).

Conclusion(s)

Although our results show that immature oocytes from natural cycle IVF can fertilize normally and can be used to increase the number of embryos available for transfer, the embryos derived from the immature oocytes in natural cycles IVF have a poorer reproductive potential.     

卵母细胞线粒体移植疗法的基础研究及临床应用进展

线粒体是卵子的质量标志,其数量和功能异常导致卵细胞及胚胎质量低下。卵母细胞线粒体移植技术有望成为改善卵母细胞及胚胎质量和提高辅助生殖成功率新的治疗手段。本文就线粒体在卵母细胞成熟及着床前胚胎发育中的作用及线粒体移植疗法的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

Expression pattern of glucose metabolism genes correlate with development rate of buffalo oocytes and embryos in vitro under low oxygen condition

PurposeThis study evaluates the effect of low oxygen conditions (5 Vs 20 %) on buffalo embryo development. Expression patterns of key glucose metabolism genes (HK, PFK, LDH, PDH, G6PDH and Glut1) were assessed in buffalo oocytes and embryos cultured at 5 and 20 % oxygen and correlated with development rate.MethodsMaturation rate was observed by determining MII stages by Aceto-orcein method and blastocyst formation was observed at 7 day post insemination (dpi). Expression levels of genes were determined by real time PCR in oocytes / embryos at 5 and 20 % O₂.ResultsOocyte maturation and blastocyst formation rates were significantly higher at 5 % O₂ as compared to 20 % O₂ (P < 0.05). The expression pattern of glycolytic genes (HK, PFK and G6PDH) indicated that oocytes and embryos under 5 % O₂ tend to follow anaerobic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways to support optimum embryo development. Under 20 % O₂, oocytes and embryos had high expression of PDH indicating higher oxidative phosphorylation. Further, less G6PDH expression at 20 % O₂ was indicative of lower pentose phosphate activity. Higher expression of LDH was observed in oocytes and embryos under 20 % O₂ indicating sub-optimal culture conditions. High Glut1 activity was observed in the oocytes / embryos at 5 % O₂, indicative of high glucose uptake correlating with high expression of glycolytic genes.ConclusionThe expression patterns of glucose metabolism genes could be a valuable indicator of the development potential of oocytes and embryos. The study indicates the importance of reduced oxygen conditions for production of good quality embryos.     

In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening improves implantation and live birth in women age 40 through 43

PurposeIn Vitro Fertilization is an effective treatment for infertility; however, it has relatively low success in women of advanced maternal age (>37) who have a high risk of producing aneuploid embryos, resulting in implantation failure, a higher rate of miscarriage or birth of a child with chromosome abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to compare the implantation, miscarriage and live birth rates with and without preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) of embryos from patients aged 40 through 43 years.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study, comparing embryos screened for ploidy using trophectoderm biopsy and array comparative genomic hybridization to embryos that were not screened. We compared pregnancy outcomes for traditional fresh IVF cycles with day 5 embryo transfers, Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET) cycles without PGS and PGS-FET (FET of only euploid embryos) cycles of patients with maternal ages ranging from 40 to 43 years, undergoing oocyte retrievals during the period between 1/1/2011 and 12/31/2012.ResultsThe implantation rate of euploid embryos transferred in FET cycles (50.9 %) was significantly greater than for unscreened embryos transferred in either fresh (23.8 %) or FET (25.4 %) cycles. The incidence of live birth per transferred embryo for PGS-FET (45.5 %) was significantly greater than for No PGS fresh (15.8 %) or No PGS FET (19.0 %) cycles. The incidences of live birth per implanted sac for PGS FET cycles (89.3 %), No PGS fresh cycles (66.7 %) and No PGS FET cycles (75.0 %) were not significantly different.ConclusionsThe present data provides evidence of the benefits of PGS with regard to improved implantation and live birth rate per embryo transferred.     

Metaphase II (MII) human oocytes with smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters do not affect blastocyst euploid rate

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the rate of euploidy and pregnancy outcomes are affected by smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters (SERc) and other metaphase II human oocyte dysmorphisms.Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of the morphologies of metaphase II (MII) human oocytes, which had developed into 590 biopsied blastocysts derived from 109 patients that received preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) cycles between March 2013 and December 2017. The euploid rate of blastocysts that originated from morphologically abnormal or normal oocytes were analyzed. The chromosome status of the blastocysts was determined and analyzed by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) or next generation sequencing (NGS) following trophectoderm biopsy.ResultsAccording to the odds ratios obtained for each oocyte morphotype, no statistically significant relationship was found between oocyte dysmorphisms and euploid rate. Specifically, although SERc-positive oocytes had a higher rate of arrest at two pronuclei, or 2 PN (26.7% vs. 19.4%, p > 0.05), the blastocyst formation rate was not affected as compared with SERc-negative oocytes (40.0% vs. 38.6%, p > 0.05). Among nine euploid embryos derived from oocytes with SERc, three single euploid embryo transfers were performed, of which one resulted in blighted ovum, and two resulted in the births of two healthy, singleton term babies.ConclusionThe results presented here suggest that oocyte dysmorphisms do not affect the euploidy rate of the blastocyst. The occurrence of SERc in the oocyte does not seem to impair the developing blastocyst nor does it interfere with good embryo formation rate and euploid rate. Thus, the embryos derived from SERc-positive oocytes could still be considered for embryo transfer if there are no other embryos available.     

激光共聚焦显微镜观察小鼠卵母细胞及早期胚胎中微丝的分布

目的:观察微丝在小鼠卵细胞及早期胚胎中的分布情况,为进一步明确微丝在受精卵发育中的作用机制打下基础。方法:采用免疫荧光化学法结合激光共聚焦显微技术对卵细胞的微丝分布进行观察。结果:在小鼠MII期卵母细胞中微丝分布于卵细胞的皮质区,集中在纺锤体处。在小鼠1-细胞期受精卵中微丝集中分布于卵细胞与极体的连接处。在2-细胞期受精卵中的微丝则集中分布在卵细胞的分裂沟处。用松弛素B(CB)解聚小鼠体内受精卵的微丝,细胞形态及分裂受到严重影响。结论:微丝在小鼠卵母细胞及早期胚胎中有着独特的分布,其可能参与多种功能。     

培养液中添加不同促性腺激素对卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

目的:比较卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加不同促性腺激素对未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟结局的影响。方法:将行卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)的35例患者共42个新鲜取卵周期,随机分成A组:22个取卵周期将重组人促卵泡激素(果纳芬,rFSH)和重组人绒毛膜促性腺激素(艾泽,hCG)按1∶1的比例混合添加,终浓度为75 mIU/ml;B组:20个取卵周期添加终浓度为75 mIU/ml的尿源性促性腺激素(hMG),进行未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟培养。35例患者中新鲜取卵周期未移植或移植后未孕者行解冻胚胎移植。比较组间患者的卵母细胞成熟率、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、累计临床妊娠率及胚胎着床率。结果:取卵均于月经周期第12日或最大卵泡发育至10￣12 mm时进行,故所获卵均为未成熟卵。A组获卵181枚,经培养后成熟84枚,行卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)84枚,受精60枚,卵裂55枚,优质胚胎20枚;新鲜胚胎移植9例,获1例临床妊娠,解冻胚胎移植5例,获1例临床妊娠,累计临床妊娠率为14.29%,胚胎着床率为7.14%。B组获卵176枚,经培养后成熟120枚,行ICSI 120枚,受精97枚,卵裂90枚,优质胚胎41枚,新鲜胚胎移植6例,获4例临床妊娠,解冻胚胎移植9例,获3例临床妊娠,累计临床妊娠率为46.67%,胚胎着床率为33.33%。结论:卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加尿源性促性腺激素可获得较添加重组人促卵泡激素和重组人绒毛膜促性腺激素高的卵母细胞成熟率、临床妊娠率及胚胎着床率。     

A comparative study of saffron aqueous extract and its active ingredient,crocin on the in vitro maturation,in vitro fertilization,and in vitro culture of mouse oocytes

ObjectiveReactive oxygen species have effects on gamete quality and gamete interaction; they influence spermatozoa, oocytes, embryos, and their environment. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant effect of different concentrations of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract (SAE) and its ingredient, crocin, on the improvement of in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development of mouse oocytes.Materials and methodsCumulus oocyte complexes were collected from ovaries, and germinal vesicle oocytes were cultured in the presence of SAE and crocin. SAE was added at dosages of 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 40 μg/mL; dosages of crocin were 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 400 μg/mL. All dosages were added to maturation medium and a group without SAE or crocin was considered as the control group. Following IVM, metaphase II oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro in order to observe embryo development.ResultsBoth SAE and crocin improved the rate of IVM, IVF, and in vitro culture. Addition of 40 μg/mL SAE to maturation medium significantly increased the rate of IVM, IVF, and in vitro culture (p < 0.05). Furthermore 100 μg/mL crocin significantly increased the IVM rate compared to the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionUse of SAE during IVM can affect on IVM, IVF, and early embryo development in a dose-dependent manner. SAE appears to have a stronger effect than pure crocin.     

Donor oocyte cytoplasmic transfer did not enhance implantation of embryos of women with poor ovarian reserve

Purpose : To determine whether donor oocyte cytoplasm transferred into the oocytes of women 40 years or with diminished ovarian reserve would enhance embryo quality, implantation, or pregnancy rates. Methods : Study subjects included women 40 years (15) or with abnormal FSH levels (3). Healthy volunteers (18) produced oocytes for cryopreservation. Donor oocytes were thawed and cytoplasm from surviving oocytes was injected with a single sperm into the cytoplasm of recipient oocytes. Outcome measures included embryo quality scores, implantation, and pregnancy rates. Results : Eighteen donors produced 213 oocytes for cryopreservation and 39/171 (22.8%) survived thawing. Eighteen recipients initiated 25 IVF cycles with embryo transfer in 20 cycles after cytoplasmic transfer (CT). Four cycles resulted in three biochemical losses and one aneuploid clinical loss. Embryo quality did not improve with CT compared to pre-CT IVF cycles in six recipients. Conclusions : CT with cryopreserved donor oocyte cytoplasm did not enhance success in women with advanced reproductive age or low ovarian reserve.     

Mouse and bovine models for human IVF

It is obvious that the first prerequisite is to define for what purpose a model is needed for humans. There are huge differences in reproductive physiology between the mouse, human and cow. As far as maturation is concerned, the plasticity of the mouse model is not the same in cows and humans. The final stages of oocyte maturation seem to be more finely regulated in cows and humans, where a minimum size of follicle is necessary to complete maturation in vitro. Bovine and human preimplantation embryos seem to be more similar in terms of biochemical and intrinsic paternal and maternal regulatory processes. Once again, interactions between the embryo and the corpus luteum are similar in cows and humans, but mouse and human embryo implantations are closer. Mouse oocytes and embryos should not be overlooked, but excessive generalization between mammalian species must be avoided.     

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes recovered from ovariectomy specimens in the laboratory: a promising “ex vivo” method of oocyte cryopreservation resulting in the first report of an ongoing pregnancy in Europe

Purpose

We present our center’s experience with 34 consecutive cases who underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes obtained from ovariectomy specimens and compare our data with updated literature data.

Methods

Feasibility and efficiency of oocyte collection during ovarian tissue processing was assessed by the recovery rate, maturation rate, and embryological development after IVM.

Results

On average, 14 immature oocytes were retrieved per patient during ovarian tissue processing in 33/34 patients. The overall maturation rate after IVM was 36 %. The maturation rate correlated with the age of the patient and the duration of IVM. Predominately, oocyte vitrification was performed. Eight couples preferred embryo cryopreservation. Here, a 65 % fertilization rate was obtained and at least one good-quality day 3 embryo was cryopreserved in 7/8 couples. The retrieval of oocytes ex vivo resulted in mature oocytes or embryos available for vitrification in 79 % of patients. One patient with ovarian insufficiency following therapeutic embolization of the left uterine and the right ovarian artery because of an arteriovenous malformation had an embryo transfer of one good-quality warmed embryo generated after IVM ex vivo, which resulted in an ongoing clinical pregnancy.

Conclusions

IVM of oocytes obtained ex vivo during the processing of ovarian cortex prior to cryopreservation is a procedure with emerging promise for patients at risk for fertility loss, as illustrated by the reported pregnancy. However, more data are needed in order to estimate the overall success rate and safety of this novel approach.     

Pre-implantation developmental potential from in vivo and in vitro matured mouse oocytes: a cytoskeletal perspective on oocyte quality

PurposeIn the present study, fertilization and developmental potential of mouse oocytes matured in different conditions were tested. The efficiency of in vitro fertilization (IVF), pre-implantation development and some important aspects of cytokinesis during early cleavages are discussed.MethodsIn vivo matured (IVO), in vitro matured (IVM) and roscovitine-treated (IVM-Rosco) mouse oocytes were subjected to IVF under identical conditions. Three replicates per group were analyzed. Fertilization was identified by the presence of two pronuclei at 6–8 h post-fertilization. Evaluation of pre-implantation embryonic development was done daily from day 2 to day 5 and embryos were processed for analyses of chromatin, nuclear lamina, microtubules and centrosomal proteins by conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy.ResultsBoth IVM groups displayed lower fertilization rates when compared to in vivo controls. While IVO-derived embryos exhibit efficient and synchronous progression to the blastocyst stage, both IVM-derived embryos exhibit a delay in embryonic progression, and a lower blastocyst rate. Interestingly, IVM-Rosco M-II oocytes exhibited more blastomere symmetries and higher number of cells at the blastocyst stage than the IVM group with the most notable influence being on the centrosome-microtubule complex of blastomeres.ConclusionOur study strongly indicates that when compared to spontaneously in vitro matured oocytes, treatment with roscovitine may partially enhance developmental competence by maintaining coordination between nuclear and cytoplasmic events. Further evidence is given of cytoskeletal biomarkers that can be identified during in vitro oocyte maturation conditions.     

Effects of estradiol on in vitro maturation of buffalo and goat oocytes

PurposeThe effects of estradiol on oocyte development seem to be varied among species. The present study investigated the effects of 17β‐estradiol on in vitro maturation of buffalo and goat oocytes.MethodsCumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from large antral follicles of slaughtered buffalo and goat ovaries. COCs were cultured in TCM‐199 medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 µg/mL of 17β‐estradiol for in vitro maturation. Then, oocytes were used for the examination of state of nuclear maturation and cumulus expansion.ResultsIn both species, oocytes treated with 17β‐estradiol showed higher cumulus expansion rate than control (0 µg/mL treated). In buffalo, the percentage of oocytes matured to the metaphase II (MII) stage increased in the concentration‐dependent manner of 17β‐estradiol. Similarly, estradiol positively influenced nuclear maturation of goat oocytes in vitro.ConclusionsEstradiol has promoting effects on normalprogress of in vitro oocyte meiosis in buffalos and goats.     

Selective vitrification of euploid oocytes markedly improves survival, fertilization and pregnancy-generating potential

Enthusiasm for oocyte cryopreservation has been limited by poor pregnancy rates per thawed metaphase II (MII) oocytes (<4%) and low implantation rates per embryos. The reasons relate to technical limitations in the freezing process, and the fact that <40% of oocytes are euploid and unable to produce 'competent' embryos. Comparative genomic hybridization was performed on the first polar body (PB-1) of 323 MII oocytes retrieved from 16 donors. Of these, 111 were euploid, and were vitrified. Seventy-five of 78 vitrified oocytes (96%) survived warming and were fertilized using intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Thirty-one (41%) subsequently developed into expanded blastocysts, of which no more than two were subsequently transferred per uterus to 16 out of 19 prospective embryo recipients. Twelve of 19 (63%) recipients produced 17 healthy babies (eight singletons, three twins, and one set of triplets) One twin pregnancy miscarried in the late first trimester The birth rate per transfer of a maximum of two blastocysts to 16 recipients was 75%. The implantation rate per vitrified euploid oocyte was 27%. This study showed a six-fold improvement in pregnancy rate per cryopreserved oocyte over previous reports and a marked improvement in implantation rate. If independently validated, this approach could open the door to commercial egg cryobanking, significantly expanding women's reproductive choices.     

Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels are not associated with aneuploidy rates in human blastocysts

Research questionAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is the most established biomarker for estimating ovarian reserve. No reliable marker of oocyte quality, however, is available. Is there an association between the rates of aneuploidy and the different ranges of serum AMH levels?DesignRetrospective, single-centre study of 1718 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection and preimplantation genetic testing with aneuploidy at the blastocyst stage between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients were stratified into six different categories of AMH (ng/ml) according to percentile distribution.ResultsAlthough a higher number of biopsied embryos were found for higher AMH levels (P = 0.017), a lower rate of biopsied blastocysts per metaphase II (P = 0.019) and per fertilized oocyte (0.023) was observed in this group of high AMH. A higher number of euploid embryos was found for higher AMH values (P = 0.031); however, the rate of aneuploid embryos per metaphase II or per fertilized oocyte was not significantly different across the six groups. No differences were observed in the implantation, pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rate, or in the miscarriage and biochemical loss rate. Regression analysis did not show any significant correlation between AMH and aneuploid embryos.ConclusionsIn this large series of patients, AMH was not related to embryo aneuploidy.