直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对有无梗死前心绞痛患者心肌存活性和心室收缩同步性的影响

目的　探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)对有无梗死前心绞痛的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者心肌存活性和心室收缩同步性的近期影响。方法　 87例首次 AMI患者 ,按梗死前有无心绞痛分为 3组 :A组 :无心绞痛史 30例。 B组 :梗死前 4 8h内有心绞痛史 39例。 C组 :仅在梗死前 >4 8h有心绞痛史 18例。所有患者均在发病 6 h内行直接 PCI术。术后 1周、4周行 99m　 Tc- MIBI心肌灌注断层显像 (SPECT)测定心肌存活性 ;术后 2周行 99m　 Tc心血池显像测定心室收缩同步性参数。结果　 (1) B组肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK- MB)峰值显著低于 A组 (P<0 .0 1)。 (2 ) B组放射性缺损面积 (MIA)小于 A组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;AMI后 4周与 1周比较 ,B组 MIA显著缩小 (P<0 .0 1) ,病变区放射性计数显著增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;C组和 A组前后比较均无显著差异。 (3)心功能 :B组左心室射血分数 (L VEF)高于 A组 (P<0 .0 1) ;左心室收缩同步性 :B组左心室相角程 (L PS)低于 A组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;以上各参数 ,C组和 A组比较均无显著差异。结论　 (1)首次急性心肌梗死前 4 8h内心绞痛发作可导致心肌缺血预适应 (ischemic preconditioning,IP)的产生 ,并可缩小心肌梗死面积 ,保护心功能。 (2 )直接 PCI可显著提高有 IP的急性心肌梗死患者的近期心肌存活性和     

梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI术后的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对首次急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)术后的近期影响。方法　 10 0例首次 AMI患者 ,按梗死前有无心绞痛史分为 A(有心绞痛史 ,5 5例 )、B(无心绞痛史 ,4 5例 ) 2组 ,所有患者均在发病 12 h内行直接 PCI术。术前术后监测心肌酶变化 ;术后 2周行心血池显像测定左心室射血分数。并观察住院期间心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克的发生率及再梗死率、病死率。结果　 (1) A组肌酸激酶同工酶峰值低于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (2 ) A组自溶现象发生率高于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;A组无再流现象发生率低于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (3) A组左心室射血分数高于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (4 ) A组心力衰竭或心源性休克的发生率和再梗死率均低于B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　梗死前心绞痛可促进 AMI患者梗死相关动脉自溶现象的产生 ,并可减少直接 PCI术后无再流现象的发生 ,从而改善心室功能和近期预后     

梗死前心绞痛对糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的 探讨梗死前心绞痛对糖尿病急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心功能的影响. 方法 216例糖尿病AMI患者,按梗死前48 h内有无心绞痛分为无心绞痛史组78例和有心绞痛史组138例.所有患者均在发病6 h内行溶栓或直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗.术后2 w行99mTc心血池显像测定心功能.结果 有心绞痛史组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室峰射血率(LPER)和左室峰射血时间(LTPER)均好于无心绞痛史组(P＜0.05).有心绞痛史组左室峰充盈率(LPFR)和左室峰充盈时间(LTPFR)均好于无心绞痛史组(P＜0.05).结论 梗死前心绞痛可以改善糖尿病AMI患者的心功能.     

梗死前心绞痛对老年急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心功能和预后的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)术后心功能和预后的近期影响。方法　 54例老年首次AMI患者 ,按梗死前有无心绞痛史分为无心绞痛组、有心绞痛组 ,所有患者均在发病 6h内行直接PCI术。术后 2w测定心功能 ;住院期间观察恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、梗死后心绞痛、再梗和死亡的发生率。结果　 (1 )有心绞痛组肌酸肌酶MB同工酶峰值低于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5)。 (2 )有心绞痛组左室射血分数和左室峰射血率均高于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5) ,左室峰射血时间低于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5)。(3)有心绞痛组梗死后心绞痛的发生率低于无心绞痛组 (P <0 0 5) ;有心绞痛组心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克的发生率、再梗率和住院病死率均有低于有心绞痛组的趋势 ,但均无显著性差异。结论　梗死前心绞痛可明显改善老年AMI患者直接PCI术后的心功能和近期预后     

梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对首次急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的近期影响。方法　将120例首次AMI患者分成有梗死前心绞痛史组(A组, 68例)和无梗死前心绞痛史组(B组, 52例),在发病12小时内行直接PCI术,分析梗死前心绞痛对肌酸肌酶(CK)峰值浓度、左心室功能和临床转归的影响。结果　(1)A组CK及CK MB峰值浓度均显著低于B组(P<0. 05); (2)A组冠状动脉自发再通率高于B组(P<0. 05),A组无再流现象发生率低于B组(P<0. 05); (3)A组左室射血分数高于B组(P<0. 05); (4)A组心力衰竭发生率及再梗死率低于B组(P<0. 05)。结论　梗死前心绞痛可能促进AMI患者梗死相关动脉自发再通的发生,减少直接PCI术后无再流现象发生,改善患者左心室功能和临床预后。     

脑利钠肽对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死左室结构和功能的评估价值

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗前后的脑利钠肽(BNP)水平变化及其与左室功能,心室重构的关系,探讨BNP在急诊PCI治疗AMI患者预后评估中的作用.方法:入选2008-06-2009-02,发病后12 h内接受急诊PCI治疗的ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者120例,入院即时及出院时采用酶联免疫法测定患者血浆BNP水平,出院前行超声心动图检测左室射血分数,并根据PCI治疗后7 d的BNP水平将患者分为3组:A组<100 ng/L,B组为100～400 ng/L,C组>400 ng/L.所有患者术后6个月进行超声心动图检查,根据左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积变化评估左室功能及心室重构.结果:BNP水平与AMI病变范围呈正相关,与左室射血分数呈负相关;PCI治疗后不同心肌梗死部位BNP水平较治疗前均明显下降;3组患者PCI治疗后6个月的超声心动图比较,患者左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积B组、C组与A组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组与B组比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:血浆BNP水平可反映AMI的严重程度;BNP增加的程度与梗死的范围呈正相关;AMI患者急诊PCI后BNP水平有显著下降趋势;BNP水平可能可以作为患者左室功能及心室重构的预测因子.     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对有或无梗死前心绞痛患者左室重构的影响

本文探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)对有或无梗死前心绞痛的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者左室重构的影响。资料与方法1 研究对象 :2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 3月我科住院的首次AMI患者 37例 ,其中男 31例 ,女 6例 ,平均年龄 (5 8 3±12 6 )岁。既往有心功能不全者排除在外。患者按发病前 2 4h内有无心绞痛分为 :有心绞痛组 (A) 2 4例 ,无心绞痛组 (B)13例。两组患者在年龄、性别、冠心病危险因素以及梗死部位、心功能、梗死相关动脉 (IRA)重建时间、冠状动脉病变支数等方面比较差异均无显著性。2 研究方法 :所有患者均在发病 6h内…     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后脑利钠肽水平的变化及其意义

目的 研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗前后血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平变化及其与心功能、心室重构的关系.方法 入选2005年9月至2008年3月,发病后12 h内接受急诊PCI治疗的ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者102例,直接PCI前及直接PCI后第7天采用酶联免疫法测定患者血浆BNP水平,并按治疗后第7天血浆BNP水平将患者分为3组:A组低于100 pg/ml,B组100～400 pg/ml,C组高于400 pg/ml,PCI治疗后6个月对患者进行超声心动图检查.结果 PCI治疗后BNP水平较治疗前明显下降;3组患者PCI治疗后6个月的超声心动图比较,患者左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积C组与A、B组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 AMI患者直接PCI后BNP水平有显著下降趋势,且BNP水平可能可以作为患者心功能及心室重构的预测因子.     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者室壁瘤的阻抑效应和心功能改善作用

目的:研究经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者室壁瘤形成的阻抑效应及心功能改善作用。方法:发病12h以内急性前壁心肌梗死伴室壁瘤形成患者随机分为直接PCI(A组36例),溶栓治疗(B组:31例),常规药物治疗(C组31例);各组患者均在治疗后1周、24周分别行超声心动图和平衡法核素心室造影评价左室质量指数(LVMI)和局部室壁运动积分(RWMI)、心室收缩同步性(VSS)和心功能(HF)等参数的改善状况。结果:治疗后1周和24周时,A组RWMI、VSS和HF均优于B组和C组,均P<0.05。A组和B组24周时上述各参数均优于1周。C组VSS参数中相角程在24周时较1周有所改善,余各项结果比较差异无统计学意义。结论:PCI治疗和溶栓对AMI患者室壁瘤有阻抑作用且改善心功能,而直接PCI优于溶栓治疗。     

延迟PCI联合GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂治疗AMI患者的疗效观察

目的 采用随机对照的方法,比较延迟经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)联合GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班和择期PCI治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI),对比分析其对AMI患者血管再通、心肌血流灌注、心室收缩和舒张功能的影响及出血并发症、主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的发生情况,探讨前者治疗AMI的可行性.方法 初发的AMI患者80例随机分为延迟PCI组38例和择期PCI对照组42例,其中延迟PCI组就诊后首先给予负荷量盐酸替罗非班,按10 μg/kg在3 min推注完毕,继而以0.15μg·kg-1·min-1由微量泵持续泵入,随即行冠状动脉造影,观察血管开通情况,血管未开通者及血管虽已开通但残余狭窄大于70%者行PCI治疗,维持泵入替罗非班24～48 h.择期PCI对照组就诊后常规给予氯吡格雷、肠溶阿司匹林及低分子肝素治疗,梗死后7～10 d行PCI治疗.处理梗死相关血管(IRA).所有患者均给予标准的抗凝、抗血小板、降脂、抑制重构等治疗.记录住院期间及术后3个月心肌灌注、心功能改善及MACE发生.结果 两组患者在年龄、性别、冠心病危险因素、梗死前心绞痛、梗死部位、IRA等方面比较无显著性差异.心肌灌注分级TMP2级以上的比例延迟PCI组高于择期PCI对照组(P<0.05);ERNA显示术后1 w延迟PCI组住院期的左室峰射血率(LER)及左室峰充盈率(LPFR)值延迟PCI组均高于择期PCI对照组(P均<0.01);左室峰射血时间(LTPER)、左室峰充盈时问(LTPFR)延迟PCI组均低于择期PCI对照组(P均<0.01).术后3个月随访时.两组LVEDVI、LVESVI均较前明显降低,LVEF较前均显著增加(P<0.05).MACE发生率、出血并发症两组无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 延迟PCI联合替罗非班治疗AMI与择期PCI相比,能尽早开通IRA、改善冠脉血流和心肌灌注,更好地保护心功能;延迟PCI联合替罗非班治疗AMI没有增加PCI术后出血并发症及MACE发生率.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.