血管重建在骨与软组织肉瘤保肢术中的应用

目的 探讨血管重建在骨与软组织肉瘤保肢术中的作用.方法 2004年8月至2009年6月累及肢体重要血管的骨与软组织肉瘤患者13例接受保肢手术,男8例,女5例;年龄14～63岁,平均38岁.恶性骨肿瘤4例,软组织肉瘤9例.1例位于肱骨上端,12例位于下肢.7例同时重建动脉和静脉,6例仅重建动脉.5例采用同侧或对侧大隐静脉移植,8例采用人工血管置换.结果 无一例出现重建血管感染.1例肱骨骨肉瘤行肱动脉人工血管置换的患者于术后第1天出现急性动脉栓塞,急诊取栓后保留了肢体.人工血管置换8例中出现肢体肿胀和伤口不愈合5例,大隐静脉移植5例伤口均一期愈合.全部患者随访7～45个月,平均19.4个月.1例肱骨骨肉瘤患者术后12个月出现局部复发,保肢成功率92.3%(12/13).1例术前肺转移患者于术后7.5个月死于肺转移,另4例患者于术后半年至1年出现肺转移.Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者2年总生存率和无瘤生存率分别为90.9%和63.6%,重建动、静脉2年通畅率分别为100%和28.6%.12例下肢肿瘤患者末次随访时的1993年美国骨肿瘤学会评分系统评分平均为72%,肱骨骨肉瘤患者为33%.结论 肿瘤累及血管不是截肢的绝对适应证,肿瘤连同重要血管整块切除后进行血管重建的保肢手术可行,可获得良好的局部肿瘤控制和肢体功能.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the feasibility of limb salvage with major vascular reconstruction for sarcomas of extremities, focusing on the early complications, oncological and functional outcomes.Methods Between August 2004 and June 2009, 13 patients (mean age 38 years, range 14-63 years) underwent wide resection of upper and lower extremity sarcomas to include the involved arterial and venous segments. 4 patients had bone sarcomas and 9 soft tissue sarcomas, 6 patients only had underwent artery replacement and the other 7 had underwent both artery and vein. 8 resected vessels were reconstructed with vascular graft and 5 with ipsilateral or contralateral saphenous vein. Results No patient suffered from reperfusion injury and infection. The patient with osteosarcoma in proximal humerus had suffered acute arterial graft thrombosis at first day postoperatively; however, the limb was salvaged after successful thrombectomy. 5 of 8 patients with synthetic graft developed minor delayed wound healing and hematoma, but the other 5 patients with autologous saphenous vein replacement did not. The mean follow-up was 19.4 months (7-45months). One patient died of pulmonary metastasis; the patient with osteosarcoma in proximal humerus had developed local recurrence, but refused amputation and was alive with metastasis. No arterial occlusion was observed at final follow-up or at the time of death, but the patency of artery and vein was 100% and 28.6%respectively. One patient who has pulmonary metastases before operation died of metastases 7.5 months after operation. Four patients developed pulmonary metastases, therefore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 2-year overall and metastasis-free survival rate was 90.9% and 63.6% respectively. Functional status were judged as good or excellent (mean MSTS score 72%) in 12 of 13 patients. Conclusion The study indicate that malignant involvement of major vessels is not a contraindication for limb-salvage. Vascular reconstruction is a feasible option in limb salvage surgery. Wide resection with vascular reconstruction provide acceptable oncological and functional outcome of limb salvage.     

76例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的外科治疗及预后分析

目的 分析胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤患者的临床特征及手术疗效.方法 收集1999年1月至2008年12月复旦大学附属中山医院手术切除的76例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的病史资料,并进行随访,分析其临床特征及手术疗效.结果 76例患者中,男性49例,女性27例;肿瘤位于胰头者63例,胰体尾10例,全胰3例;32例为非浸润性肿瘤(腺瘤16例,交界性肿瘤6例,原位癌10例),44例为浸润癌,两者在发病年龄及黄疸、消瘦、无症状患者、CA199升高等方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);胰十二指肠切除59例,联合门静脉切除重建4例,胰体尾切除6例,局部切除2例,节段性胰腺切除2例,全胰切除3例;总体并发症发生率为28.9%,无手术相关死亡病例;非浸润性及浸润性肿瘤患者5年生存率分别为100%及35%;非浸润性肿瘤患者7例切缘阳性,其中1例术后67个月复发转移;多因素分析显示肿瘤直径及淋巴结状况是影响浸润性癌患者预后的独立因素.结论 非浸润性胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤手术疗效极佳,而浸润癌患者的预后较差;及早手术是防止病变进展及改善预后的关键;术后必须进行长期随访.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the outcome of intraductual papillary mucious neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas after surgical resection. Method Clinical data of 76 patients with intraductal papillary neoplasms of the pancreas undergoing surgical resection at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between January 1999 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 76 patients,49 were male, 37 were female. 32 had noninvasive IPMNs, including adenomas( n = 16), borderline tumors (n =6 ), carcinomas in situ (n = 10 ). 44 had invasive IPMNs. Lesions were present in the head in 63 cases, in the body or tail in 10, in the whole pancreas in 3. There were significant difference in age,jaundice, weight loss, asymptomatic cases and CA199 value between noninvasive and invasive IPMNs.Three patients underwent total pancreatectomy, 59 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 4 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein resection and reconstruction, six patients underwent distal pancreatectomy, two patients each underwent central pancreatectomy or enucleation. The overall postoperative morbidity rate were 28.9%, there was no operative mortality. Positive pancreatic margin was identified in seven patients of noninvasive neoplasms, among thoee one developed recurrence after 67 months. The five-year survival rate for patients with noninvasive and invasive neolpasms was 100% and 35% ,respectively. Size and lymph node metastasis were significant prognostic factors after surgical resection of the invasive IPMNs. Conclusions Surgical resection provides a favorable outcome for patients with noninvasive IPMNs. In contrast, invasive IPMNs was associated with a poor survival. Early resection is essential for improving survival. Long-term follow-up is necessary for all patients with IPMNs after resection.     

颈动脉体瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断与外科治疗.方法 分析山东大学附属省立医院血管外科2003年1月至2010年10月收治16例颈动脉体瘤患者,经数字减影血管造影术检查得以最终确诊.采用Shamblin分型标准分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型2例,本组全部行外科手术治疗.3例ⅠⅠ型患者行单纯摘除术.11例Ⅱ型患者中,3例行单纯摘除术,3例行摘除术并颈外动脉切除,3例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈动脉修补术,2例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈内动脉重建术.2例Ⅲ型患者,1例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈动脉修补术,1例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈内动脉重建术.结果 16例患者病理均证实为颈动脉体瘤.无手术死亡、偏瘫和失明.术后并发症中以颅神经损伤最多见,共有7例(43.75%),经对症治疗,6例有不同程度改善,1例遗留永久性13角歪斜.随访13例(81.25%),随访时间2～76个月,平均(42.0±1.2)个月,未见肿瘤复发和远处转移.结论 数字减影血管造影术在颈动脉体瘤的诊断和治疗中具有重要意义,颈动脉体瘤应首选手术治疗,可根据瘤体与血管的关系选择适当的术式.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment for carotid body tumors (CBT). Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 16 cases of carotid body tumors hospitalized in Shandong Provincal Hospital from January 2003 to October 2010. All patients were diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography, including 3 case of Shamblin type Ⅰ,11 cases of Shamblin type Ⅱ and 2 cases of Shamblin type Ⅲ. Three cases of type Ⅰ and 3 cases of type Ⅱ underwent carotid body tumor resection. Three cases of type Ⅱ underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection, 3 cases underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus carotid artery repairment, 2 cases did carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus internal carotid artery reconstruction. One of type Ⅲ underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus carotid artery repairment, and the other one underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus internal carotid artery reconstruction. Results Diagnosis of CBT was confirmed by pathology in all cases. There was no postoperative death、hemiplegia and blindness. The cranial nerve injury was caused in 7 cases, accounting for 43. 75%. 13 cases ( 81. 25% ) were followed up for 2 to 76 months ( mean 42 months), no tumor recurrence and metastasis was found. Conclusions Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is important in the diagnosis and therapy of carotid body tumor. Surgical treatment is the choice of therapy for carotid body tumors.     

结直肠癌肝转移与门静脉血K-ras基因突变的关系

目的 检测结直肠癌患者门静脉血液、原发癌组织及肝转移灶中K-ras基因突变,探讨K-ras突变与结直肠癌肝转移的关系.方法 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术和基因测序技术检测48例结直肠癌患者门静脉血液、原发肿瘤组织、相应的癌旁肠黏膜以及8例肝转移灶组织中K-ras基因突变.结果 48例结直肠癌组织中17例(35.4%)发现K-ras基因突变,48例癌旁黏膜中4例(8.3%)发现K-ras基因突变,明显低于癌组织的基因突变率(P＜0.05).48例结直肠癌患者中16例(33.3%)门静脉血中发现K-ras基因突变,与癌组织的基因突变率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).有肝转移患者门静脉血中K-ras基因突变率(7/10,70.0%)明显高于无肝转移者(9/38,23.7%,P＜0.05).16例门静脉血存在K-ras基因突变者,其相应的肿瘤组织中均发现K-ras突变.而结直肠癌组织中无K-ras基因突变者,患者门静脉血及癌旁黏膜无基因突变.8例同时性肝转移患者中5例门静脉血发现K-ras基因突变,且其相应的肝转移灶组织也发现相同的K-ras突变.2例异时性肝转移患者门静脉血检测到K-ras基因突变,手术时无肝转移,但分别于术后第6个月和第9个月经CT检查证实有肝转移.原发肿瘤组织K-ras基因突变类型与门静脉血、肝脏转移灶的K-ras基因突变一致,即K-ras基因12密码子GGT突变为GAT或GTT.结论 结直肠原发癌组织和患者门静脉血有K-ras基因的突变,预示着肿瘤可能有肝脏转移.

Abstract：

Objective To detect mutations of K-ras oncogene in portal vein blood of patients with colorectal cancer, and to find out the relationship between mutated K-ras oncogene and liver metastases in colorectal cancer. Methods Forty-eight patients with colorectal cancer were screened for the mutations of K-ras oncogene in tissue samples from their tumors, portal vein blood, proximally adjacent mucosa and 8metastatic liver biopsies by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The results were analyzed with their clinical data. Results Sixteen of the 48 patients with colorectal cancer had K-ras point mutations at codon 12 in their portal vein blood, and 17 of 48 patients had K-ras mutations in their primary tumors, but only 4 of 48 patients had K-ras mutations in proximally adjacent mucosa. There was no significant difference in rate of K-ras mutation between tumor tissues and portal vein blood (P ＞ 0. 05 ), but significant difference was found between the tumor tissue and the proximally adjacent mucosa ( P ＜0. 05 ). The rate of K-ras mutations in portal vein blood of colorectal cancer with liver metastases (70. 0% ) was higher than that of without liver metastases (23.7%). Sixteen cases of mutated K-ras in portal vein blood showed mutations in tumor tissues. Patients without mutated K-ras in tumor tissue had no mutations in their portal vein blood and proximally adjacent mucosa. In 5 of 8 patients with simultaneous liver metastasis, mutated K-ras oncogenes were detected in portal vein blood, and the type of K-ras mutation detected in the tumor tissue was accord with that in metastatic liver biopsies. Two patients with mutated K-ras detected in their portal vein blood had no liver metastases during perioperation, but liver metastases were diagnosed by CT at the postoperative month 6 and 9 respectively. The main types of K-ras mutations at codon 12 included GGT to GAT and GGT to GTT. No one had point mutation at codon 13. Conclusion Mutated K-ras detected in both cancer tissue and portal vein blood may indicate livermetastases from colorectal cancer.     

骨盆骨肉瘤的外科治疗策略探讨

Objectives To investigate the clinical outcome of consecutive pelvic osteosarcoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy in a single institution, and to discuss the surgical strategy, resection and reconstruction. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cases with pelvic osteosarcoma underwent surgical procedures between June 2000 and June 2009. There were 12 male and 9 female with a mean age of 32 years. According to Enneking and Dunham pelvic classification system, type I was 3 cases, type I + IV 3 cases,type I + Ⅱ 4 cases,type Ⅱ + Ⅲ 4 cases,type I + Ⅱ + Ⅲ 1 case,type Ⅲ 1 case,and type I + Ⅱ + Ⅳ 5 cases. Among the 21 cases, 19 were diagnosed as classical osteosarcoma and 2 were diagnosed as low-grade pathologically. All the tumors were stage Ⅱ B. All the patients received en-bloc resection with 13 wide resection and 8 marginal resection. Thirteen patients underwent modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction, and 5 patients underwent rod-screw system reconstruction combined with autograft. Two patients received hemipelvectomy and one type Ⅲ patients had resection without reconstruction. The mean follow-up period was 30. 3 months (range,6. 0-87. 0). Results Thirteen patients out of 21 survived after treatment The overall survival rate was 61. 9% , and 23. 8% patients were alive without disease. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 44. 2% based on Kaplan-Meier curve. The local recurrence rate was 28.6% , among which 4 cases were type Ⅱ resection, 1 was type I resection, 1 was type I + Ⅳ resection. No local relapse was found on the hemipelvectomy and type Ⅲ resection cases. The local recurrence rate after wide resection was 23. 1% ,and 37. 5% for marginal resection. Nine patients had lung metastases and one patient was found bone and lymph node metastases. The MSTS 93 function score was 20. 6±5. 4 for 13 patients,and 22. 5±2. 1 for rod-screw reconstruction cases. The function score was 17. 7±5. 5 for hemipelvic prosthetic reconstruction. Conclusion Limb salvage procedures could be performed on most pelvic osteosarcoma cases, and satisfying function outcome could be achieved with proper reconstruction,however,the overall survival is still lower compared with those in extremities.     

Resection and reconstruction of the inferior vena cava for neoplasms

AIM: To evaluate the results of an aggressive surgical approach of resection and reconstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC). METHODS: The approach to caval resection depends on the extent and location of tumor involvement. The supraand infra-hepatic portion of the IVC was dissected and taped. Left and right renal veins were also taped to control the bleeding. In 12 of the cases with partial tangential resection of the IVC, the flow was reduced to less than 40% so that the vein was primarily closed with a running suture. In 3 of the cases, the lumen of the vein was significantly reduced, requiring the use of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch. In 2 of the cases with segmental resection of the IVC, a PTFE prosthesis was used and in 1 case, the IVC was resected without reconstruction due to shunting the blood through the azygos and hemiazygos veins. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 266 min (230-310 min) with an average intraoperative blood loss of 300 mL (200-2000 mL). The patients stayed in intensive care unit for 1.8 d (1-3 d). Mean hospital stay was 9 d (7-15 d). Twelve patients (66.7%) had no complications and 6 patients (33.3%) had the following complications: acute bleeding in 2 patients; bile leak in 2 patients; intra abdominal abscess in 1 patient; pulmonary embolism in 2 patients; and partial thrombosis of the patch in 1 patient. General complications such as pneumonia, pleural effusion and cardiac arrest were observed in the same group of patients. In all but 1 case, the complications were transient and successfully controlled. The mortality rate was 11.1% (n = 2). One patient died due to cardiac arrest and pulmonary embolism in the operation room and the second one died 2 d after surgery due to coagulopathy. With a median follow-up of 24 mo, 5 (27.8%) patients died of tumor recurrence and 11 (61.1%) are still alive, but three of them have a recurrence on computed tomography. CONCLUSION: There are a variety of options for reconstruction after resection of the IVC that offers a higher resectable rate and better prognosis in selected cases.     

成人门静脉海绵样变63例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结成人门静脉海绵样变(cavernous transformation of portal vein,CTPV)的诊断与外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1976年至2006年成人CTPV 63例临床资料.结果 成人CTPV的诊断依据:(1)脾脏肿大、脾功能亢进症状,半数以上病例并发上消化道出血、中等或小量腹水,肝脏无肿大、肝功能基本正常.(2)彩色Dopple超声检查显示门静脉内径变细、闭塞或栓塞,肝门部向肝血流紊乱并呈"蜂窝状",管道内为红蓝相间的血流信号.(3)CT及MRI显示门静脉阻塞或狭窄及发现侧支循环形成,边缘呈波浪状.(4)肠系膜上动脉及腹腔动脉造影静脉期门静脉主干未显影,肝门区广泛迂曲,呈团块状血管影.成人CTPV的治疗:63例均行手术治疗其中脾切除、门奇静脉断流术23例;脾切除、远端脾肾静脉分流术32例;门奇静脉断流术联合分流术8例.CTPV合并胆道疾病宜先处理门静脉高压症.该组无手术病死病例,术后近期血常规及血小板计数均恢复正常.结论 CTPV一旦确定诊断并有手术适应证,就应积极手术治疗;选择合适的术式是手术成功的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the cavernous transformation of portal vein (CTPV). Methods Clinical data of 63 patients with adult CTPV trea-ted in our hospital from 1976 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The diagnosis of CT-PV was comfirmed according to (1) The main symptoms were repeated haematemesis, hemafecia, hy-persplenotrophy, hypersplenia and normal hepatic function. (2) B uhrasonography or ultrasonic Doppler manifested that portal vein thinning or obstruction or embolism, honeycomb appearance con-duit can be seen around. Portal vein frequency spectrum can be seen in the honeycomb appearance con-duit. (3) CT and MR scan materials were exhibited that the main portal vein and its branches lost the normal shape and had the shaggy edge. (4) percutaneous splenoportography or selective arteriography of superior mesenteric artery showed that occlusion of the main branch of portal vein at the porta hepa-tis was revealed, and a masslike network of tortuose veins around the porta hepatis and many small ir-regular veins radiating from the network to the liver were demonst rated. Splenectomy and devaseu-larization was performed in 23, spleneetomy and splenorenal shunt in 32, portal systemic shunt plus porta-azygous devascularization in 8. Portal hypertension was treated first in CTPV with disease of biliary tract. No death happened. The rascult of haemogram recovered in a short period of time.Conclusion Once the patients are diagnosed to suffer from adult CTPV, they should receive explora-tory laparotomy. It is important to choose the most effective treating method for the disease.     

骨盆骨肉瘤的外科治疗策略探讨

Objectives To investigate the clinical outcome of consecutive pelvic osteosarcoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy in a single institution, and to discuss the surgical strategy, resection and reconstruction. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cases with pelvic osteosarcoma underwent surgical procedures between June 2000 and June 2009. There were 12 male and 9 female with a mean age of 32 years. According to Enneking and Dunham pelvic classification system, type I was 3 cases, type I + IV 3 cases,type I + Ⅱ 4 cases,type Ⅱ + Ⅲ 4 cases,type I + Ⅱ + Ⅲ 1 case,type Ⅲ 1 case,and type I + Ⅱ + Ⅳ 5 cases. Among the 21 cases, 19 were diagnosed as classical osteosarcoma and 2 were diagnosed as low-grade pathologically. All the tumors were stage Ⅱ B. All the patients received en-bloc resection with 13 wide resection and 8 marginal resection. Thirteen patients underwent modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction, and 5 patients underwent rod-screw system reconstruction combined with autograft. Two patients received hemipelvectomy and one type Ⅲ patients had resection without reconstruction. The mean follow-up period was 30. 3 months (range,6. 0-87. 0). Results Thirteen patients out of 21 survived after treatment The overall survival rate was 61. 9% , and 23. 8% patients were alive without disease. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 44. 2% based on Kaplan-Meier curve. The local recurrence rate was 28.6% , among which 4 cases were type Ⅱ resection, 1 was type I resection, 1 was type I + Ⅳ resection. No local relapse was found on the hemipelvectomy and type Ⅲ resection cases. The local recurrence rate after wide resection was 23. 1% ,and 37. 5% for marginal resection. Nine patients had lung metastases and one patient was found bone and lymph node metastases. The MSTS 93 function score was 20. 6±5. 4 for 13 patients,and 22. 5±2. 1 for rod-screw reconstruction cases. The function score was 17. 7±5. 5 for hemipelvic prosthetic reconstruction. Conclusion Limb salvage procedures could be performed on most pelvic osteosarcoma cases, and satisfying function outcome could be achieved with proper reconstruction,however,the overall survival is still lower compared with those in extremities.     

重症溃疡性结肠炎手术治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the role of different procedures in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis (UC) requiring colectomy. Methods A total of 29 UC inpatients who underwent colectomy at the West China Hospital between January 1996 and December 2008 were included in this study. Except two cases who underwent partial colectomy,patients were divided into total colectomy group(TC group,n=7) and total proctocolectomy group(TPC group,n=20), meanwhile divided into ileal pouch-anal anstomosis (IPAA,n=8) group,straight end-to-end anastomosis (ileoanal or ileorectal and ileostomy)group (n=14)and ileostomy group (n=5). Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) instrument. Results The complication rate was 60.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＞0.05). The recurrence rate was 15.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＜0.05). The complication rate was 6/8 in IPAA group and 50.0%(7/14) in straight end-to-end anastomosis group(P＞0.05). The frequency of daily bowel movements in IPAA group was significantly lower than that in straight end-to-end anastomosis group at 1 year after the surgery(5.6±1.7 versus 9.1±2.9,P＜0.05). QOL was significantly improved postoperatively for all the patients (P＜0.01 ). Patients who underwent IPAA had a better QOL than those of straight end-to-end anastomosis group (P＞0.05). Conclusions TPC-IPAA is the ideal procedure of severe UC with acceptable complication rate, satisfactory quality of life and functional outcome.     

重症溃疡性结肠炎手术治疗分析

Objective To evaluate the role of different procedures in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis (UC) requiring colectomy. Methods A total of 29 UC inpatients who underwent colectomy at the West China Hospital between January 1996 and December 2008 were included in this study. Except two cases who underwent partial colectomy,patients were divided into total colectomy group(TC group,n=7) and total proctocolectomy group(TPC group,n=20), meanwhile divided into ileal pouch-anal anstomosis (IPAA,n=8) group,straight end-to-end anastomosis (ileoanal or ileorectal and ileostomy)group (n=14)and ileostomy group (n=5). Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) instrument. Results The complication rate was 60.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＞0.05). The recurrence rate was 15.0% in TPC group and 57.1% in TC group (P＜0.05). The complication rate was 6/8 in IPAA group and 50.0%(7/14) in straight end-to-end anastomosis group(P＞0.05). The frequency of daily bowel movements in IPAA group was significantly lower than that in straight end-to-end anastomosis group at 1 year after the surgery(5.6±1.7 versus 9.1±2.9,P＜0.05). QOL was significantly improved postoperatively for all the patients (P＜0.01 ). Patients who underwent IPAA had a better QOL than those of straight end-to-end anastomosis group (P＞0.05). Conclusions TPC-IPAA is the ideal procedure of severe UC with acceptable complication rate, satisfactory quality of life and functional outcome.     

合并肝动脉切除重建的肝门部胆管癌根治术

目的观察肝动脉切除重建在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的价值。方法1998年1月至2005年12月计收治125例肝门部胆管癌，其中行肝动脉切除13例，对该资料进行分析。结果在行肝动脉切除13例中，同时合并门静脉切除重建3例，其中部分肝固有动脉＋右或左肝动脉切除联合左或右半肝及尾状叶切除10例，局部切除联合肝固有动脉切除1例，部分肝固有动脉＋右或左肝动脉切除联合扩大左或右半肝及尾状叶切除各1例，肝动脉切除后未重建2例。术后胆肠吻合口漏4例，围手术期肝功能衰竭死亡1例，其余12例病人术后随访4个月至6年，平均20个月，其中最长的1例已存活5年5个月。结论肝动脉切除重建可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈切除率，改善术后病人预后；肝脏大部切除联合肝动脉切除在中、重度黄疸病人须重建动脉血供。     

肝门胆管癌根治术中用胃十二指肠动脉行肝动脉重建

目的 总结胃十二指肠动脉代替肝动脉重建在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用经验.方法 回顾性分析2004-2008年9例肝门部胆管癌根治术中,胃十二指肠动脉代替肝动脉重建临床资料及随访结果.结果 9例行肝门部胆管癌根治术肝动脉切除超过1 cm,利用胃十二指肠动脉代替肝动脉进行重建,其中1例联合门静脉部分楔形切除,自身大隐静脉移植修复,8例行肝内胆管支撑.9例术后全身炎症反应综合征于2～3 d后明显缓解,1例术后3 d出现上消化道出血治愈,无手术死亡和住院死亡.术后2周彩色超声临测显示重建肝动脉通畅.9例随访1～4年,中位生存期为23(6～32)个月.结论 胃十二指肠动脉能较好地代替肝动脉重建,减少术后并发症的发生.     

Combined portal vein and liver resection for biliary cancer]

Portal vein resection has become common in hepatobiliary resection for biliary cancer with curative intent. When cancer invasion of the portal vein is very limited, wedge resection followed by transverse closure is indicated. Longitudinal closure is contraindicated, as this procedure causes stenosis of the portal vein. In the case of right hepatectomy, segmental resection is feasible before liver transection. Reconstruction is completed with end-to-end anastomosis, in which an intraluminal technique is used for posterior anastomosis and an over-and-over suture for anterior anastomosis. More than 5-cm resection of the portal vein often requires reconstruction with an autovein graft. In the case of left hepatectomy, portal vein resection after liver transection is preferable. The resection and reconstruction method should be determined based on both the extent of cancer invasion of the right portal vein and the length of the right portal trunk. So far, we have aggressively carried out combined portal vein and liver resection in 106 patients with advanced biliary cancer (62 cholangiocarcinoma and 44 gallbladder carcinoma). Twenty-nine patients underwent wedge resections and 77 segmental resections (66 end-to-end anastomosis and 11 autovein grafting using an external iliac vein). In patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (n = 58), 3- and 5-year survival rates were 23% and 8%, respectively. Three patients survived for more than 5 years after resection. In contrast, the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer (n = 44) was dismal. All of the patients died within 3 years after surgery, although they survived statistically longer than unresected patients. These data suggest that portal vein resection has survival benefit for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. However, the indications for this procedure in gallbladder cancer should be reevaluated.     

肝门部胆管癌根治术中的门静脉切除与重建的体会

目的探索门静脉切除与重建在肝门部胆管癌扩大根治术中的价值。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年12月收治的在行根治性手术同时,行联合门静脉切除重建和/或肝切除的扩大根治术的肝门部胆管癌10例的临床资料。结果全组获R0切除6例,R1切除4例。行门静脉壁部分切除修补4例中,术后病理检查未提示门静脉壁肿瘤侵犯2例。行门静脉主干切除重建6例中,联合肝叶切除术者4例,联合肝动脉切除重建病例2例。术后发生胆漏3例,出现肝动脉血栓形成1例,无门静脉血栓形成或吻合口狭窄,无术后肝功能衰竭和消化道出血。本组无围手术期死亡病例,平均住院时间(32.5±15.7)d。本组2003年至2008年完成手术的6例中,存活超过1年者4例,超过3年者2例,尚无存活5年者。2009年完成的4例中,3例尚存活。结论肝门部胆管癌联合肝叶切除和门静脉切除与重建的扩大根治术并不增加围手术期死亡率和并发症发生率。     

Indications for combined resection and reconstruction of the hepatic artery in biliary tract carcinoma]

More than 10 years have passed since hepatic artery resection was first performed for the treatment of biliary tract cancer. The safety of this procedure has been established with the introduction of the microsurgery technique. However, the benefits of and indications for this treatment have not yet been clarified. Twenty-three patients underwent vascular resection (portal vein in 7, portal vein + hepatic artery in 9, hepatic artery in 7) among 114 resected patients with biliary tract cancer in our institution. The right hepatic artery was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis in most cases. The curative resection rate was 88.9% in hilar bile duct cancer. However, it was less than 50% in other carcinomas. Cumulative 5-year survival rates of vascular resection patients with hilar bile duct cancer, lower bile duct cancer, gallbladder cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma were 14.8%, 25%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. On the other hand, the rates were 38.9%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, in the stage III + IV patients who did not undergo vascular resection. The longest survival period among patients with hilar bile duct cancer and lower bile duct cancer was 85 months and 65 months, respectively, whereas it was 15 months in gallbladder cancer and 20 months in cholangiocarcinoma patients. No hilar bile duct cancer patient who survived for more than 3 years had lymph node metastasis. The longest surviving cholangiocarcinoma patient has received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. It is concluded that patients with hilar bile duct cancer are good candidates for vascular resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be administered to gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma patients, because vascular resection alone does not result in prolongation of life in these patients.     

联合门静脉切除的肝门部胆管癌根治切除术

目的观察联合门静脉切除在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的作用，以进一步提高肝门胆管癌的治疗效果。方法总结1990年3月至2002年3月我院收治的78例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果本组联合门静脉切除12例，其中门静脉分又部联合左半肝切除3例，门静脉主干切除6例，门静脉侧壁切除修补术3例；术后肝肠吻合13漏、肝功能衰竭死亡1例；其余11例病人术后随访6个月至6年，平均19个月，其中最长的1例已存活6年。结论联合门静脉切除可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈切除率，改善术后病人预后。     

半肝切除联合血管切除和重建治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 探讨半肝切除联合血管切除和重建治疗肝门部胆管癌的疗效.方法 本组10例患者分属Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ型的肝门部胆管癌,施行右半肝切除+胰十二指肠切除+门静脉右支起始部切除重建1例;右半肝切除+门静脉右支起始部切除重建5例;左半肝切除+尾状叶左侧切除+门静脉左支起始部切除重建+肝动脉切除1例及左半肝切除+尾状叶左侧切除+门静脉左支起始部切除重建3例.结果 10例Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ型的肝门部胆管癌患者行半肝切除联合血管切除重建根治联合性手术,无术后死亡.10例患者术后均获随访,1、2、3年生存率分别为50%、30%、20%.结论 采用半肝切除血管切除重建能提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率.     

门静脉动脉化在肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中的应用

目的 通过对2例肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术后进行肝脏血管重建加门静脉动脉化的应用，探讨此手术方法在提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中的作用。方法 对2例肝门部胆管癌患者均施行扩大的左半肝加尾状叶切除，1例同时进行门静脉的节段性切除，2例均附加肝动脉的节段性切除，其中1例肝动脉已无法修复，另1例动脉修复不满意，术后造影显示已阻塞。对2例患者均进行门静脉动脉化处理，同时为了防止继发的门静脉高压对肝动脉进行限流。通过2例患者围手术期的观察以及随访，提出对门静脉动脉化的使用及其在肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中的作用进行分析。结果 2例患者术后恢复均较为顺利，肝功能逐渐恢复正常，未发生早期肝脓肿和胆漏等并发症，随访可见动静脉吻合口通畅，肝脏再生良好。其中1例术后10个多月通过动脉限流目前尚未出现门静脉高压症。结论 在肝门部胆管癌行扩大的半肝切除术时，应用门静脉动脉化有利于术后肝功能的恢复，并有防止肝衰竭、肝脓肿和胆漏的作用，提高了肝门部胆管癌的根治性切除率。动脉限流可以防止术后门静脉高压的发生。     

肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中血管切除和重建15例报告

目的探讨侵犯肝动脉和(或)门静脉的肝门部胆管癌在行根治性切除时肝动脉、门静脉切除重建的方法及安全性。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年12月15例行肝门部胆管癌联合半肝或肝三叶根治性切除同时行肝动脉和(或)门静脉切除重建的临床资料。结果本组行肝动脉切除重建7例。其中,肝右动脉与肝右动脉对端吻合4例,肝固有动脉与肝右动脉吻合1例,肝左动脉与肝右后动脉吻合1例,胃十二指肠动脉与肝右动脉吻合1例。门静脉切除重建8例。其中,门静脉主干与门静脉左支吻合5例,门静脉主干与门静脉右支吻合2例,颈内静脉架桥1例。其中联合肝动脉和门静脉切除重建1例。本组R0切除12例,R1切除3例。术后发生腹腔出血1例,胆漏1例,腹腔感染1例,均经保守治疗痊愈。无围手术期手术死亡病例。结论对侵犯肝动脉和(或)门静脉的肝门部胆管癌联合受累血管切除重建能提高肿瘤的根治切除率。严格的术前评估流程,精细的术中操作和完善的术后管理能保证手术的安全性。     

仅保留门静脉血供的肝门部胆管癌根治术

目的 探讨仅保留门静脉血供的肝门部胆管癌根治术的适应证和方法,以进一步提高肝门胆管癌的治疗效果.方法 对2006年7月至2007年12月收治的6例肝门部胆管癌,均采取左半肝切除、肝外胆管切除、肝动脉切除、右肝管空肠吻合术. 结果6例均顺利恢复,术后发生胆漏1例、无肝功能衰竭及围手术期死亡病例;术后随访10～23个月,均存活.结论 仅保留门静脉血供的肝门部胆管癌根治术在严格掌握适应证的前提下是可行的,可提高肝门部胆管癌的根治切除率,改善患者预后.