新疆地区许兰毛癣菌的PCR-RAPD分子分型研究

为了研究新疆地区许兰毛癣菌的分子分型，采用随机引物UBC701，R—ATGS和OPAOR-15结合PCR—RAPD法对分离于新疆儿童头癣的7株许兰毛癣菌进行分子分型，并与日本的3株许兰毛癣菌做比较。初步探讨新疆许兰毛癣菌的分子分型。[第一段]     

湖北赤壁地区296例儿童头癣临床及病原菌分析

目的了解鄂南赤壁地区儿童头癣近12年的病原菌分布情况。方法采用回顾性分析方法对2001年1月-2012年12月在我院皮肤科门诊及住院的儿童头癣患者进行分析。结果 296例儿童头癣,男140例,女156例;年龄3月~14岁;主要病原菌为紫色毛癣菌129株(43.58%)、犬小孢子菌122株(41.22%)、须癣毛癣菌19株(6.42%)。结论鄂南赤壁地区儿童头癣的病原菌主要为紫色毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌;紫色毛癣菌的构成随年龄增长有增高趋势。     

新疆喀什地区头癣分离菌株的鉴定及RAPD分型研究

为了解近10年来新疆南疆地区头癣致病菌的种类,我们于2001年对新疆南疆喀什地区确诊头癣患儿88例的病发标本,采用改良的KANE/FISCHER鉴定系统结合镜下形态,进行菌种鉴定,并与10年前头癣流行菌种比较,了解病原菌的变迁情况。并进一步将上述头癣分离菌中的31株紫色毛癣菌采用RAPD方法进行DNA分型,分析新疆地区紫色毛癣菌的DNA型特点,探讨其流行病学规律,为进一步防治打下基础。     

188例头癣病原菌分析

目的:分析188例头癣患者病原菌菌种的分布。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年7月188例头癣患者的临床及真菌学资料。结果:188例头癣患者中,男133例,女55例,年龄1个月~81岁,7岁以下患者120例(63.8%)。共分离出菌株117株,其中须癣毛癣菌47株(40.2%),犬小孢子菌43株(36.8%),石膏小孢子菌14株(11.9%),红色毛癣菌复合体11株(9.4%),紫色毛癣菌1株(0.85%),苏丹毛癣菌1株(0.85%)。结论:188例头癣主要致病菌为须癣毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌,主要感染人群为学龄前儿童。     

广州地区241例头癣及病原菌分布情况分析

目的 了解广州地区头癣及其病原菌分布情况。方法 对1997年2月至2010年8月在本院皮肤科诊治的241例头癣患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果 241例头癣患者中白癣179例占74.27%,脓癣34例占14.11%,黑点癣28例占11.62%,未发现黄癣。病原菌中犬小孢子菌182株占80.89%,紫色毛癣菌25株占11.11%,须毛癣菌10株占4.44%,断发毛癣菌3株占1.33%,红色毛癣菌2株占0.89%,石膏样小孢子菌2株占0.89%,疣状毛癣菌1株占0.44%。患者年龄段分层分析结果显示,主要感染人群为学龄前儿童占39.00%。结论 广州地区头癣中白癣所占比例最高;犬小孢子菌为头癣患者的主要致病菌;主要感染人群为学龄前儿童。     

头癣117例临床分析

目的了解南昌地区头癣临床特点及病原菌构成情况。方法收集本院真菌科真菌直接镜检阳性头癣患者,记录其临床特点,并收集病发进行真菌培养和病原菌鉴定,包括菌种。结果共收集117例头癣患者,主要由未成年人组成(≤18岁者103例)。临床类型以黑点癣为主,81例,其次为:脓癣28例,白癣5例,黄癣3例。病原菌构成:紫色毛癣菌68株,须癣毛癣菌17株,断发毛癣菌17株,红色毛癣菌9株,许兰毛癣菌3株,石膏样小孢子菌1株,羊毛状小孢子菌1株,光滑念珠菌1株。结论南昌地区头癣以儿童多见,临床多表现为黑点癣,致病优势菌为毛癣菌属,存在地区差异。     

43例头癣患者临床及真菌病原学研究

目的了解本地区头癣发病情况以及菌种分布情况。方法对43例真菌镜检阳性确诊头癣的患者进行真菌培养、鉴定。结果43例头癣中黑癣27例（62．8％）、脓癣12例（27．9％）、白癣3例（7％）、黄癣1例（2．3％），致病真菌主要为紫色毛癣菌13株（30％）、犬小孢子菌12株（27．9％）、红色毛癣菌6株（14％）、许兰毛癣菌1株（2．3％）。结论头癣主要致病菌为紫色毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌。     

甲真菌病患者多部位红色毛癣菌分离株的DNA分型

目的探讨甲真菌病患者多部位红色毛癣菌感染不同部位分离菌株基因型的差异。方法采用PCR扩增红色毛癣菌rDNA非转录间隔区(NTS)中Trs-1片段,检测基因多态性并比较。结果30株受试菌株按照PCR指纹图共分为3型,基因型分布与感染部位无相关。10例受试患者中,5例不同感染部位分离出的菌株基因型存在差异。结论甲真菌病患者多部位红色毛癣菌感染可能为多菌株引起,部分患者可能存在多菌株的混合感染。     

北京地区儿童头癣的病原菌分析

为了解北京及其周边地区的头癣流行状况及病原菌分布，对508例头癣患者病发均做了真菌直接镜检和真菌培养，结果直接镜检阳性423例（83．3％），培养阳性357例（70．3％），分离出犬小孢子菌263例（73．7％），须癣毛癣菌72株（20．1％），红色毛癣菌8株（2．2％），石膏样小孢子菌7株（2．0％），紫色毛癣菌6株（1．7％），铁锈色小孢子菌1株（0．3％）。结果示头癣是儿童常见的真菌感染性皮肤病，在北京地区主要致病菌为犬小孢子菌和须癣毛癣菌，未发现黄癣菌。     

甲真菌病患者多部位红色毛癣菌感染分离株DNA同源性分析

目的 探讨甲真菌病患者多部位红色毛癣菌感染分离株基因型的差异。方法 采用PCR扩增红色毛癣菌rDNA非转录间隔区（NTS）中TRS1片段,并用随机引物OPAA11随机扩增DNA,检测基因多态性。比较同一患者不同感染部位分离菌株的基因型差异。结果 共分离30株红色毛癣菌,按照PCR扩增TRS1区指纹图分为5型,随机引物OPAA11扩增指纹图分为11型,基因型分布与感染部位关系不大。在10例受试患者中,PCR扩增TRS1区显示,7例不同感染部位分离得到的菌株基因型有差异;随机引物OPAA11扩增显示,8例不同感染部位分离得到的菌株基因型有差异。结论 甲真菌病患者不同部位红色毛癣菌感染可能为不同菌株引起,提示部分甲真菌病患者不同部位皮肤癣菌感染可能存在不同菌株的感染。     

新疆某三甲医院2010—2018年122例头癣患者回顾分析

【摘要】 目的 分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2010—2018年头癣患者的特点和致病菌构成。方法 回顾分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2010—2018年皮肤科真菌培养阳性的122例头癣患者的临床资料。培养菌种并采用乳酸酚棉蓝染色做形态学鉴定。结果 122例中,儿童头癣112例（91.8%）,其中男70例（62.5%）,女42例（37.5%）;学龄前儿童58例（51.79%）,学龄期儿童37例（33.04%）。成人头癣9例（7.38%）,其中女7例,男2例。维吾尔族患者66例（54.1%）,汉族46例（37.7%）,哈萨克族5例（4.1%）,回族3例（2.46%）,蒙古族1例（0.82%）,1例不详。2011—2013年每年病例数均 ≥ 20,2014年以后逐年下降（≤ 13例/年）。菌种鉴定结果：所有患者均为单一菌株感染,检出铁锈色小孢子菌46株（37.7%）、犬小孢子菌44株（36.07%）、紫色毛癣菌10株（8.2%）、许兰毛癣菌9株（7.38%）、断发毛癣菌6株（4.91%）、须癣毛癣菌4株（3.28%）、疣状毛癣菌3株（2.46%）。铁锈色小孢子菌（亲人性菌种）感染者中维吾尔族（34例,73.91%）最多;犬小孢子菌（亲动物性菌种）感染者中汉族患者最多（26例,59.09%）。结论 新疆医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科收集的头癣患者中,以维吾尔族男性儿童为主,致病菌种以铁锈色小孢子菌和犬小孢子菌为优势菌种。     

Tinea Capitis in Adults in Southern Taiwan

We report the clinicomycologic study of 27 culture-proven cases of tinea capitis from southern Taiwan during the years 1988 to 1990. The series is notable for its predominance of adults (63%), of women (89%), and of Trichophyton violaceum infection (74%). The age distribution was clearly bimodal; the median age was 6 years for children and 56 years for adults (older than 18 years). Whether or not these findings represent a new trend of tinea capitis in southern Taiwan remains to be determined. Clinically, our cases of black-dot ringworm caused by T. violaceum often presented with subtle changes of scaling, hair loss, and black dots. The keys to the correct diagnosis are (1) a high clinical index of suspicion with careful inspection of the scalp for the presence of black dots, and (2) microscopic examination and culturing of the black dots or plucked hairs.     

A clinico-etiologic correlation in tinea capitis

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis is a dermatophytosis with diverse clinical manifestations. The causative fungi of tinea capitis vary with geography and time. This study aimed to identify the etiologic agents and to determine the clinico-etiologic correlation of tinea capitis in Lahore, Pakistan. METHODS: From clinically suspected cases of tinea capitis, skin scrapings and hair samples were taken and subjected to microscopy and culture. RESULTS: Of 100 evaluable patients, 95% were children below 12 years of age with almost equal sex incidence. Noninflammatory and inflammatory lesions were seen in 56.4% and 43.6%, respectively. Trichophyton violaceum was the most common etiologic agent, responsible for 82% of infection, followed by T. tonsurans (8%), T. verrucosum (5%), and T. mentagrophytes (5%). CONCLUSIONS: T. violaceum is the predominant pathogen causing tinea capitis in this part of the world, and gives rise to a varied clinical picture.     

海南地区35例头癣临床和病原菌分析

目的: 了解我院确诊头癣的临床特征和病原菌。方法: 对我院门诊2014年6月到2017年5月收治的头癣病例进行回顾性分析。结果: 共有35例头癣患者，其中脓癣25例 (71.4%)，白癣和黑点癣各5例(14.3%)。28例患者真菌培养阳性，其中须癣毛癣菌复合体10例，断发毛癣菌7例，石膏样小孢子菌4例，犬小孢子菌3例，红色毛癣菌和紫色毛癣菌各2例。结论: 我院确诊的头癣以脓癣为主，多见于0～10岁的儿童，最常见病原菌是须癣毛癣菌复合体。     

Tinea due to Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton soudanense in Hamilton, New Zealand

Between 1994 and 2000, 63 isolates of Trichophyton violaceum and five isolates of Trichophyton soudanense were recorded in both private and public laboratories in Hamilton, New Zealand. A retrospective analysis of medical records of these patients was performed. From these 68 isolates, 58 were recovered from scalp specimens and 10 were recovered from other body sites. There were 51 patients with tinea capitis and nine patients in the tinea corporis group. Six patients had more than one isolate reported at different laboratories. As expected, the vast majority of scalp infections (46/51 patients) were children, with an overall median age of 6 years (range 8 months to 66 years). All patients in the tinea capitis group, except one, were refugee immigrants from East Africa. Of nine patients in the tinea corporis group, six were refugees from the same area. For tinea capitis, 31 patients received systemic antifungal therapy for at least 4 weeks, with either terbinafine (21 patients), griseofulvin (four patients) or itraconazole (six patients). Five patients received topical antifungal creams or shampoo as monotherapy only. The remainder (15 patients) received either no therapy or no record was available. The emergence of these two pathogens as causes of tinea capitis in Hamilton closely correlates with the increasing number of refugees from endemic areas. There is a high rate of person-to-person transmission with these anthropophilic organisms in children as well as adults in the family. Transmission of infection to the local population has been observed, but there is no evidence to date to suggest that these organisms have become endemic in the local population.     

Clinico-myocological profile of tinea capitis in North India and response to griseofulvin

There is a paucity of literature on tinea capitis from North India. The response to griseofulvin has not been studied as well. We studied 153 consecutive patients of tinea capitis for clinical patterns, causative dermatophytic species, clinico-etiological correlation, and response to griseofulvin. Culture and sensitivity were done on all patients. All patients were treated with griseofulvin for 6-8 weeks; non-responders were further treated with fluconazole. Ninety percent of the patients were less than 15 years of age, 75% belonged to poor socioeconomic groups and 19% had a family history of tinea capitis. The seborrheic variant was the commonest clinical pattern seen in 47.8% of patients, followed by grey patch, black dot, kerion, and alopecia-areata-like tinea capitis in 35.9%, 8.5%, 6.5% and 1.3% of patients, respectively. Only 66% of patients had a positive culture. T. violaceum was the commonest dermatophytic species isolated in 38% patients. M. audouinii, T. schoenleinii, T. tonsurans, M. gypseum, T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes were isolated in 34%, 10%, 9%, 3%, 3% and 3% of patients, respectively. Of the isolates 94% were susceptible to griseofulvin, and 100% were susceptible to fluconazole. By using griseofulvin for 6-8 weeks 97.4% of the patients were cured; nonresponders required therapy with fluconazole for cure. To conclude, tinea capitis is still a disease of younger people of poor socioeconomic status. T. violaceum and M. audouinii are the most common responsible dermatophytes. The response to griseofulvin was excellent, and it should be used as a first line therapy.     

Tinea capitis in schoolchildren from lvory Coast (western Africa). A 1998-1999 cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis is a worldwide public health problem that poses specific therapeutic challenges. This dermatophytosis of the scalp is endemic in Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, the associated demographic factors, causative species, and clinical types of tinea capitis in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. METHODS: From June 1998 to March 1999, 1913 children aged between 4 and 15 years, and schooling in seven urban primary schools of Abidjan (Ivory Coast), were examined clinically for tinea capitis. Among all children showing symptoms suggestive of scalp ringworm, hair stumps and scales were collected and exposed to direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide solution, and cultivation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with or without actidione. RESULTS: Among 227 symptomatic children, cultures positive for fungi were found in 217, yielding an overall tinea capitis prevalence of 11.34% [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 9.97-12.85]. By univariate analysis, tinea capitis was significantly associated with boys [odds ratio (OR) 7.85; CI 5.22-11.81] and in children belonging to the intermediate 8-11 years age group (OR 1.93; CI 1.29-2.90). Trichophyton soudanense and Microsporum langeronii were the most prevalent etiologic agents (63.6% and 31.3%, respectively), whereas a mixture of both T. soudanense and M. langeronii was observed in a 2.8% proportion. Finally, 2.3% of isolated species were represented by T. violaceum. CONCLUSIONS: Our survey provided evidence that tinea capitis is endemic in Ivory Coast, constituting a substantial infectious dermatological disturbance. T. soudanense was the most frequent causative agent, whereas T. violaceum was isolated for the first time in this sub-Saharan western African country.     

Tinea Capitis in Benghazi, Libya

Mycologic examination of 402 cases of tinea capitis in Benghazi showed Trichophyton rubrum to be the most common isolate, followed by T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and T. violaceum. The clinical presentation of tinea capitis is discussed, and attention is drawn to the seborrheic type, which is easily confused with dandruff.     

开封地区92例头癣病原菌分析

目的了解近2年来开封地区头癣的发病情况及病原菌的分布情况。方法回顾性分析2014年5月—2016年4月在开封市第二人民医院皮肤科诊治的开封地区92例头癣患者病例资料。结果 92例头癣患者中白癣77例(83.70%),脓癣8例(8.70%),黄癣5例(5.43%),黑点癣2例(2.17%)。88例真菌培养阳性患者中,主要病原菌为犬小孢子菌68株(73.91%)、须癣毛癣菌9株(9.78%),紫色毛癣菌5株(5.43%),许兰毛癣菌5株(5.43%)。77例白癣病原菌中犬小孢子菌63株(81.82%)、须癣毛癣菌7株(9.09%)。结论开封地区头癣中白癣发病率占首位,主要致病菌为犬小孢子菌。