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目的掌握哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院住院腹泻患者艰难梭菌感染(CDI)情况,探究该菌株分子特征和CDI危险因素。方法收集住院腹泻患者的67份粪便标本,并实施厌氧分离培养。应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测艰难梭菌毒素基因tcdA、tcdB,二元毒素基因cdtA、cdtB,菌株进行多位点序列分型(MLST),并研究患者临床数据。结果检出产毒艰难梭菌10株(14.9%),毒素A基因和毒素B基因均为阳性有8株(80.0%),2株毒素B基因阳性(20.0%)。检出5种ST型。对CDI危险因素进行分析,应用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物是艰难梭菌独立危险因素(OR=3.12,P=0.036)。结论哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院住院患者中存在部分CDI情况,使用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物与CDI有关。 相似文献
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《中国感染与化疗杂志》2016,(6)
目的初歩研究上海仁济医院炎症性肠病患者中艰难梭菌的分子流行特征,为炎症性肠病患者中艰难梭菌感染的监控提供证据。方法对2014年6月-2015年6月的222份炎症性肠病腹泻患者粪便标本进行艰难梭菌毒素检测和厌氧培养。采用多位点序列分型(MLST)进行分型,传统PCR方法检测其毒素基因,琼脂稀释法检测艰难梭菌体外药物敏感性,同时对炎症性肠病患者所在病房进行环境中艰难梭菌检测。结果222份粪便标本中艰难梭菌的检出率为13.5%(30/222),克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎患者中艰难梭菌检出率为15.7%(22/140)和9.8%(8/82),病房环境共检出4株艰难梭菌。MLST分型22株艰难梭菌为14种ST型,主要型别为ST54型。PCR检测毒素基因显示;TaM+raffl+菌株为主(72.7%,16/22),未检出二元毒素。22株艰难梭菌对氯霉素、四环素、氨苄西林、甲硝唑、万古霉素和美罗培南均敏感,对克林霉素耐药率较高,为63.6%,8株对莫西沙星耐药。结论炎症性肠病腹泻患者中艰难梭菌毒素基因以TcdA+TcdB+型为主,菌株克隆以ST54型为主,该型菌株在病房环境中也有检出。应当密切监测炎症性肠病患者中艰难梭菌的感染毒素基因。 相似文献
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艰难梭菌感染是抗生素相关性腹泻的常见原因,危险因素包括年龄、住院史、抗生素使用等。其致病因子是艰难梭菌毒素A和B,确诊需要检测粪便中细胞毒素。艰难梭菌相关性疾病(CDAD)的传统治疗是轻度患者停用相关抗生素,对于中度以上及症状持续的患者,予口服甲硝唑或万古霉素,而获得美国FDA批准的只有万古霉素。 相似文献
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目的探究致医院感染性腹泻艰难梭菌主要序列型别(ST81、ST8和ST42)之间的毒力特征、芽孢形成能力及耐药机制等方面的差异。方法收集2017年9月至2019年9月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院临床住院腹泻患者送检艰难梭菌培养的稀便标本816份进行艰难梭菌分离和培养。以该院主要序列型别的艰难梭菌ST81(26株)、ST8(15株)和ST42(14株)为实验菌株。应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和酶联免疫荧光法分别检测艰难梭菌的毒素基因和毒素A/B蛋白的表达;采用平板涂布法检测艰难梭菌的芽孢形成能力;采用琼脂稀释法检测艰难梭菌对11种抗菌药物的耐药性;采用PCR方法扩增耐药基因、测序及氨基酸突变分析艰难梭菌携带的耐药基因和氨基酸的突变位点。计量资料的组间比较采用Kruskal Wallis秩和检验, 率的比较采用Fisher精确检验。结果 ST81型菌株为tcdA-tcdB+/cdtA-cdtB-毒素型别, ST8和ST42型菌株均为tcdA+tcdB+/cdtA-cdtB-毒素型别, ST42、ST8和ST81型别菌株产生毒素A/B蛋白的产量分别为41.9、2.4和0.83, ST42和ST8... 相似文献
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艰难梭菌以芽孢的形式通过粪-口途径传播并定植于肠道,是院内感染性腹泻和抗生素相关性腹泻的主要病原菌之一。由于抗生素的滥用及高毒力菌株的暴发流行,艰难梭菌感染的发病率及严重程度日益增加,给临床诊疗带来严峻的挑战,成为全球公共卫生安全的焦点问题。本文对艰难梭菌感染诊断相关生物标志物和治疗的研究进展进行阐述,旨在为临床医生提供艰难梭菌感染的诊断和治疗基础。 相似文献
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目的了解腹泻患者艰难梭菌感染现状,并分析分离菌株的核糖体分型情况。方法收集161例住院腹泻患者粪便标本进行艰难梭菌毒素基因PCR检测,同时进行产毒培养法,并比较2种方法的一致性;对分离的艰难梭菌进行核糖体分型。结果艰难梭菌产毒培养法阳性率为9.94%(16/161),粪便艰难梭菌毒素基因阳性率为9.94%(16/161),2种方法结果差异无统计学(P0.05),一致性较好(Kappa0.75)。培养所得18株艰难梭菌中A、B毒素基因均阴性的2株(11.11%),tcdA~+tcdB~+产毒株15株(83.33%),tcdA~-tcdB~+1株(5.56%)。18株艰难梭菌核糖体分型分为16种型别(GS1~GS16),未发现核糖体分型027型菌株。结论艰难梭菌粪便毒素基因PCR检测可用于临床诊断,未发现本院艰难梭菌暴发流行。 相似文献
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目的 分析住院患者无症状感染艰难梭菌的毒力特征及危险因素,为艰难梭菌感染(CDI)性腹泻的防治提供理论依据。方法 收集住院患者的粪便标本。将其中的CDI患者分为CDI有腹泻组和CDI无腹泻组,将无腹泻症状且艰难梭菌培养阴性患者设为对照组。收集患者临床资料,将粪便标本进行艰难梭菌分离培养并进行艰难梭菌毒素检测,对临床资料及检测结果进行统计学分析。结果 CDI有腹泻组毒素蛋白阳性率高于CDI无腹泻组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:使用抑酸剂、2个月内使用头孢菌素类抗菌药物、住院时间>2周是艰难梭菌无症状感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 艰难梭菌产毒素量是导致临床是否出现腹泻症状的重要因素;住院时间>2周、使用抑酸剂、2个月内使用头孢菌素类抗菌药物均是艰难梭菌无症状感染的独立危险因素。 相似文献
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Martirosian G Szczesny A Cohen SH Silva J 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2005,52(2):153-155
The frequency of Clostridium difficile strains in stool samples of patients with diarrhea hospitalized in the hematology/oncology, surgery, orthopedics, transplantology ward, and emergency room of Davis Medical Center was analyzed. A total of 786 stool samples collected from patients with diarrhea and 180 samples taken from the hospital environment were cultured for C. difficile by routine methods. There were 119 strains of C. difficile isolated: 97 (12.3%) strains from patients' stools (no enteropathogen other than C. difficile was detected in these stool samples) and 22 (12.2%) strains from the hospital environment. It was confirmed that hospital environment plays an important role in transmission of C. difficile by AP-PCR and PCR ribotyping. Among 97 C. difficile strains isolated from patient' stools 25 were nontoxigenic (A-/B-), 67 were toxigenic (A+/B+), and 5 strains were toxin B-positive/toxin A-negative. Analysis of concomitant symptoms among hospitalized patients with diarrhea demonstrated significantly longer duration of diarrhea caused by nontoxigenic strains than in cases of diarrhea caused by toxigenic strains. On the other hand, among patients infected by toxigenic strains, significantly higher leukocytosis and longer duration of fever were observed. The resistance of isolated C. difficile strains to erythromycin and clindamycin indicated the possibility of transmission in the hospital strains with macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance type. 相似文献
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目的调查婴儿艰难梭菌的携带状况及菌株特征。方法收集2015年8-11月在该院住院或门诊治疗的1岁内婴儿粪便标本238份,利用免疫层析法快速初筛艰难梭菌,阳性标本再利用CDIF平板进行厌氧培养以获得菌株,利用PCR方法检测艰难梭菌毒素A、B的编码基因tcdA、tcdB和二元毒素编码基因cdtA、cdtB,运用slpA测序分型(slpA ST)方法对菌株进行基因分型。结果 238份粪便标本共分离出50株艰难梭菌,3月、3~6月和6月至1岁三组婴儿艰难梭菌的分离率分别为9.3%,17.6%和27.3%,三组见比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.940,P=0.0310.05)。52.0%(26/50)的菌株为产毒株,其中69.2%(18/26)的菌株产毒模式为tcdA+tcdB+cdtA-cdtB-。50株艰难梭菌可分为11种slpA ST型,产毒株最常见的基因型为slpA ST fr-02和kr-02,而非产毒株则为xr-03。结论 1岁内婴儿艰难梭菌携带率较高,且过半为产毒株,大多同时产毒素A和B。产毒株与非产毒株的基因型存在差别。 相似文献
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Fecal incontinence in hospitalized patients who are acutely ill 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Information about fecal incontinence experienced by patients in acute-care settings is lacking. The relationship of fecal incontinence to several well-known nosocomial or iatrogenic causes of diarrhea has not been determined. OBJECTIVES: To determine the cumulative incidence of fecal incontinence in hospitalized patients who are acutely ill, and to ascertain the relationship between fecal incontinence and stool consistency, and between diarrhea and two well-known nosocomial or iatrogenic etiologies of diarrhea: Clostridium difficile and tube feeding. The relationship of fecal incontinence and risk factors for diarrhea associated with C. difficile and tube feeding in hospitalized patients was examined. METHODS: Fecal incontinence, stool frequency and consistency, administration of tube feeding and medications, severity of illness, and nutritional data were prospectively recorded in 152 patients on acute or critical care units of a university-affiliated Veterans' Affairs Medical Center. Rectal swabs and stool specimens from patients were obtained weekly for C. difficile culture. C. difficile culture and cytotoxin assay were performed on diarrheal stools. HindIII restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) was used for typing of C. difficile isolates. RESULTS: In this study, 33% (50/152) of the patients had fecal incontinence. The proportion of total surveillance days with fecal incontinence in these patients was 0.50 +/- 0.06. A greater percentage of patients with diarrhea had fecal incontinence than patients without diarrhea (23/53 [43%] vs. 27/99 [27%]; p = 0.04). Incontinence was more frequent in patients with loose/liquid stool consistency than in patients with hard/soft stool consistency (48/50 [96%] vs. 71/100 [71%]; p < 0.001). The proportion of surveillance days with fecal incontinence was related to the proportion of surveillance days with diarrhea (r = 0.69; p < 0.001) and the proportion of surveillance days with loose/liquid stools (r = 0.64; p < 0.001). Multivariate risk factors for fecal incontinence were unformed/loose or liquid consistency of stool (RR = 11.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 56.7), severity of illness (RR = 5.7; CI = 2.6, 12.3), and age (RR = 1.1; CI = 1, 1.1). CONCLUSIONS: Fecal incontinence is common in hospitalized patients who are acutely ill, but the condition was not associated with any specific cause of diarrhea. Because loose or liquid stool consistency is a risk factor for fecal incontinence, use of treatments that result in a more formed stool may be beneficial in managing fecal incontinence. However, treatments that slow intestinal transit should be avoided in patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhea. 相似文献
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目的了解湖南省株洲市弯曲菌的流行病学现状和耐药特征。方法2016年7月至2018年6月,在株洲市对腹泻病例和无腹泻症状儿童开展流行病学调查,并采集粪便标本进行弯曲菌的分离培养和耐药性分析。结果共调查人群粪便标本450份,弯曲菌的检出率为6.44%(29/450),其中无腹泻症状儿童的检出率为1.00%(1/100),腹泻病例的检出率为8.00%(28/350)。弯曲菌感染的临床症状以腹泻、腹痛、黏液便、粪便镜检均有红、白细胞为主;5~岁组检出率较高,为19.44%(7/36);学生的检出率最高,为17.65%(6/34);男、女性患者的检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.354,P=0.245);春秋季弯曲菌的检出率高于夏冬季。29株弯曲菌中24株为空肠弯曲菌,5株为结肠弯曲菌,其中41.38%的菌株为多重耐药菌株,菌株对萘啶酸、环丙沙星和四环素的耐药性较强,分别为96.15%、88.46%、76.92%。结论空肠弯曲菌、结肠弯曲菌感染已成为株洲市感染性腹泻的重要病原菌之一,耐药性严重并存在多重耐药现象,应加强弯曲菌的监测和防控。 相似文献
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S A Yablon R Krotenberg K Fruhmann 《American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists》1992,71(2):102-107
Clostridium difficle has been associated with diarrhea in hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic therapy and may be nosocomially acquired. Rehabilitation hospital inpatients may require frequent antibiotic intervention and are thus at risk, although few reports of epidemics at such centers have been published. This study describes the impact of C. difficle-related disease among rehabilitation hospital inpatients. A retrospective review was conducted of all inpatients evaluated for diarrhea in two freestanding rehabilitation hospitals over a 13-month period. Clostridium difficle was determined to be the etiologic agent of diarrhea in 36% of the 33 patients, and no other etiologies were identified. Four patients were transferred to acute care because of the severity of symptoms. A total of 120 altered or canceled therapy sessions were observed to occur during the rehabilitative hospital course among studied patients, of which 90% (108) occurred during periods when patients were documented to have been symptomatic for diarrhea. Diarrhea and C. difficile-related disease thus appear to exert an important and adverse impact on the hospital course of these patients, both in terms of medical complications and therapy attendance. Physicians should therefore possess a heightened index of suspicion for C. difficile infection when evaluating patients with diarrhea in this setting. Diagnostic evaluation of rehabilitation hospital inpatients with diarrhea should include C. difficile toxin assay. If the results of the toxin assay are positive, appropriate therapy, including initiation of oral vancomycin or metronidazole and avoidance of antimotility drugs, should be instituted promptly to minimize risk of potential sequelae. 相似文献