奈达铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的观察胸腔内注射奈达铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法 59例恶性胸腔积液患者,应用1次性单腔中心静脉导管行胸腔穿刺置管和闭式引流术排尽胸水后,行胸腔内药物注射。随机分治疗组和对照组：治疗组34例奈达铂100mg/次,0.9氯化钠注射液40mL稀释;对照组25例,顺铂80mg/次,0.9氯化钠注射液40mL稀释注入胸腔。1周后再次注药,共计不超过3次。结果治疗组CR12例,PR14例,有效率为76.5;对照组CR4例,PR9例,有效率为52.0。两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者腔内治疗均无气胸、胸腔感染、胸壁种植等严重并发症发生。结论胸腔置管闭式引流后注入奈达铂,是一种治疗恶性胸腔积液有效、安全的方法。     

顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液32例疗效观察

目的 探讨顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及机制。方法 将64例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为观察组(32例)和对照组(32例)。观察组32例患者放尽胸水后经胸腔内注入顺铂加香菇多糖进行治疗；对照组32例患者放尽胸水后经胸腔内注入顺铂进行治疗。结果 观察组有效率(84．4％)高于对照组(50.0％)具有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论 顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液患者有确切疗效。明显提高化疗药敏感性，提高患者生存期及生活质量。     

胸腺肽联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液效果观察

目的观察胸腺肽联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的效果。方法随机将68例晚期肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者分为2组,每组34例。胸腔闭式引流后对照组经引流管缓慢将顺铂注射液20 mg注入胸腔,夹闭引流管48 h。观察组联合胸腺肽200mg胸腔灌注。比较2组近期疗效、治疗期间不良反应及治疗前后Karnofsky功能状态评分(KPS)。结果观察组总有效率和治疗后KPS评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸腺肽联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液,能有效抑制胸腔积液的生成,改善患者生活质量。     

微创置管胸腔内注射顺铂及香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的：总结微创置管引流、胸腔内注射顺铂及香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法：70例患者按顺序分为治疗组（35例）和对照组（35例）,均采取留置中心静脉导管穿刺引流,治疗组胸腔内注射顺铂及香菇多糖,对照组注射顺铂。结果：治疗组、对照组有效率分别为88．6％、54．3％（P〈0．05）,治疗组胸水中CEA、CYFRA21—1、NSE浓度较治疗前明显下降,较对照组明显降低（P〈0．05）,外周血NK细胞活性,T淋巴细胞中的CD3^＋、CD4^＋及CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显增高（P〈0．05）。结论：微创置管引流、胸腔内注射顺铂及香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液安全有效,具有创伤小、操作简便、痛苦少、对年老体弱患者也适用等特点.     

胸腔内高温灌注化学治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的总结电视胸腔镜辅助下胸腔内高温灌注化学治疗恶性病变引起的胸腔积液的方法和效果。方法1999年2月至2005年3月，将58例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为治疗组（30例）和对照组（28例），治疗组在全身麻醉电视胸腔镜下行胸膜活检术，并用人工心肺机恒温43℃，生理盐水3000ml加顺铂300mg灌注1h；对照组予以胸腔引流，胸腔内灌注顺铂60～80mg。比较两组治疗前、后胸水量的变化、胸水中癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白K19片段（CYFRA21—1）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）浓度变化和毒副作用。结果治疗组、对照组有效率分别为100.0％和53，6％，差异有统计学意义（x^2=3．863，P〈0.05）；治疗组治疗后较治疗前胸水中CEA，CYFRA21—1，NSE浓度明显下降（t=2．562，P〈0.05），治疗后治疗组较对照组明显降低（P〈0.05）；两组各种毒副反应比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论电视胸腔镜辅助下胸腔内高温灌注化学治疗恶性胸腔积液安全有效，具有创伤小、视野大、活检准确方便、便于确诊的优点。     

胸腔引流管的改进(附576例分析)

将 198 0年 3月～ 2 0 0 0年 3月收治的普通胸外科疾病患者随机分为两组 :改进组 32 1例 ,对照组 2 5 5例 ,关胸后分别施行改进的和常规的胸腔引流法。改进组的胸腔引流管长 6 0cm ,一端剪 2个侧孔 ,置于病变处 ,于肋膈角处又剪一侧孔 ,引出体外接引流瓶。改进组发现胸腔局灶积液 30例 (9.3% ) ,经 1～ 2次定位穿刺抽吸后消失。而对照组发现胸腔局灶性积液 10 8例 (4 2 .4 % ) ,其中 81例经一次定位穿刺抽吸后消失 ,2 7例多次定位穿刺抽吸后消失 ,4 6例病人发热持续一周以上。两组并发胸腔积液率有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。改进后的胸腔引流管优于常规引流管。     

改良细导管胸腔闭式引流联合IL-2＋DDP治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效评价

目的观察并评价改良细导管胸腔闭式引流联合白细胞介素-Ⅱ（IL-2）＋顺铂（DDP）治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效和安全性。方法 48例恶性胸腔积液患者用B超定位后予留置自制细导管,充分引流后向胸腔内注入300万UIL-2及40mg DDP,每周1次,共4次,观察疗效及不良反应。结果应用改良细导管充分引流联合IL-2＋DDP对恶性胸腔积液治疗的总有效率为87.5%,无严重不良反应发生。结论改良细导管胸腔闭式引流联合IL-2＋DDP治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效好、毒副反应少,且操作简便、取材方便,值得基层医院推广。     

循环胸腔热灌注化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床研究

[摘要]目的探讨循环胸腔热灌注化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法选取我院收治确诊的恶性胸腔积液患者60例,并随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组30例,给予灭菌蒸馏水2000ml＋顺铂（cis．diaminodichloroplatinum,CDDP）200mg／m2胸内热疗60rain;对照组30例,则单纯胸内注入无菌滑石粉浆5g。结果临床疗效观察显示,观察组有效率为83．3％（25／30）;对照组有效率为43．3％（13／30）;两组间临床疗效的差异有统计学意义（矿=10．335,P=0．001）。Karnofsky生活质量评分显示,观察组总提高率为73．3％（22／30）,对照组总提高率为46．7％（14／30）,两组间总提高率差异有统计学意义（x2=4．444,P=0．035）。两组患者围手术期均未出现严重并发症,观察组术后出现不良反应8例（26．7％）,其中胸痛1例,低热5例,恶心呕吐2例;对照组术后出现不良反应12例（40％）,其中灌注后胸痛5例,发热4例,恶心呕吐3例。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有患者出现不良反应后予对症治疗后症状均缓解。结论应用循环胸腔热灌注化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液安全有效,值得临床推广。     

肝癌根治性切除术后的优化综合治疗

目的探讨原发性肝细胞癌 (肝癌 )根治性切除术后的优化综合治疗方案。方法将4 1例肝癌根治性切除患者随机分为两组 :进行对症、支持治疗联合肝动脉化学药物栓塞及生物治疗2 0例为观察组 ;只进行对症、支持治疗 2 1例为对照组。对两组病例 1年、2年的肝内复发率和生存率分别作 χ2 检验。结果观察组 1年、2年的肝内复发率分别为 10 % (2 /2 0 )、30 % (6 /2 0 ) ,较对照组4 3% (9/2 1)、6 2 % (13/2 1)降低 (χ2 值分别为 5 6 3、4 19,P <0 0 5 ) ;观察组 1年、2年的生存率分别为95 % (19/2 0 )、70 % (14 /2 0 ) ,较对照组 6 2 % (13/2 1)、33% (7/2 1)提高 (χ2 值分别为 6 5 5、5 5 1,P <0 0 5 )。结论对症、支持治疗联合肝动脉化学药物栓塞及生物治疗是肝癌根治性切除术后的优化综合治疗方案     

胸腔排液后注入胞必佳治疗癌性积液疗效评价

目的：评价癌性胸腔积液排液后胸腔内注入胞必佳的临床疗效。方法：59例晚期癌症并发胸腔积液患者,在尽量排尽胸液后腔内注入胞必佳400μg,每周1次,连续1-3周,观察胸积液控制情况、并发症。以流式细胞仪检测治疗前/后血液T细胞亚群免疫指标。治疗有效者,随访1a。结果：控制胸液治疗总有效率（CR PR）为93.2%。主要并发症为中低热47.4%、胸痛15.3%和食欲减退10.2%。治疗前/后免疫指标比较,总T细胞（CD3）、辅助性T细胞（CD4）百分数和辅助/抑制性T细胞（CD4/CD8）均显著升高（P＜0.01)。随访观察复发情况,3个月复发率为0;6个月为1.9%;1a为4.3%。结论：胸腔排液后局部腔内不主入胞必佳治疗癌性胸腔积液具有良好的控制胸液作用,并能增强机体的免疫功能。副反应较经、较少,复发率低。     

Localized pleural adenocarcinoma

We report a 58-year-old male with localized pleural adenocarcinoma, the origin of which was not identified. The disk-shaped pleural tumor was 8 x 6 x 2 cm in size and involved the left upper chest wall including the ribs. A fine needle biopsy showed adenocarcinoma, but whole body survey revealed no neoplasm other than the chest wall tumor. The left chest wall resection was followed by the left pleuropneumonectomy, because a few disseminations were identified in the visceral pleura. Pathological examinations showed no primary tumor in the lung. Immunohistochemical examinations suggested that micro-adenocarcinoma originating the subpleural lung invaded chest wall. It may be possibly a subtype of pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma. The patient has no recurrent tumor 1 year after the operation.     

Malignant pleural effusion

Malignant pleural effusion is a frequent condition with important prognostic repercussions on duration and quality of life. The neoplasms that more frequently determine pleural effusion are lung and breast cancer and pleural mesothelioma. Lymphomas, tumours of the genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal tract as a group account for a further 25%. Surgical treatment has palliative purposes and finalized to reduction symptoms and to improve quality of life. More frequent clinical presentation is a massive pleural efusion associated to dyspnoea and cough. Pleural aspiration is the first choice treatment but the recurrence rate equals to 100% within 1 month. Repeated pleural aspirations are indicated in those patients that have lower expectation of life. The recurrence risk can be reduced with chemical pleurodesis that allows the adhesion between pleural surfaces. Pleurodesis can be realized by the instillation of several substances by the tube of drainage (slurry) or during thoracoscopy (poudrage). Video Assisted Thoracoscopy (VATS) is a safe and well tolerated technique, a complication rate is lower than 0.5%, VATS can be used to obtain diagnosis and to treat patients with malignant pleural effusion and better expectation of life.     

Malignant pleural effusions

The management of pleural effusions and, in particular, recurrent MPE require an accurate assessment of the characteristics of the pleural fluid and the relief of the patient's symptoms. Although a common problem, treatment of pleural effusions and MPE is highly variable. Selection of optimal treatment for the individual patient (or population of patients) requires a careful assessment of the benefits and associated risks of the therapy. Pleurodesis is an artificial measure of success that is hospital centered, not patient centered. Because patients with MPE have limited life expectancy, efforts to palliate or eliminate dyspnea, optimize function, eliminate hospitalization, and reduce excessive end-of-life medical care costs may be best achieved with a chronic indwelling pleural catheter. The need for expensive supplies may temper the use of such outpatient management. Alternative techniques of tube thoracostomy, drainage, and sclerosis or thoracoscopy with drainage and talc poudrage also have benefits but are associated with variable hospitalization and increased medical costs.     

Primary pleural lymphomas

Two patients are presented with primary low grade pleural B cell lymphomas with no history of a pyothorax.     

Malignant pleural mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma carries a poor prognosis, for which no standard therapy has been established. We report 15 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma experienced since 2000 focusing on their clinical features. They included 14 male and 1 female aged 38 to 81 (62.8 on average) years. All patients were diagnosed by pleural biopsy under thoracoscopic guidance. Histology of the pleural biopsy specimen showed epithelial mesothelioma in 8 patients, biphasic mesothelioma in 3, sarcomatous mesothelioma in 2 and desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma (DMM) in 2. Twelve patients received chemotherapy. Of these, 3 were followed by surgery. In addition to 2 of these 3 patients, 2 underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) without adjuvant treatment. Remaining 1 received palliative treatment only. As a result, 6 patients are surviving, 7 died of primary diseases and 2 died of other diseases. The longest survival time with chemotherapy is 41 months in a surviving patient with epithelial mesothelioma and that with EPP is 25 months in a surviving patient with DMM. The 2-year survival rate of the 14 patients was 44.4% and the median survival time in patients with epithelial mesothelioma was 30.6 months.