应用多普勒组织成像技术对室壁运动的初步观察

应用多普勒组织成像技术对１５例正常人和１０例扩张性心肌病及８例心肌梗塞患者的室壁运动进行了观察。其结果显示：正常组室间隔运动速度测值为Ｅ峰９．８±１．６５ｃｍ／ｓ、Ａ峰６．８±１．３０ｃｍ／ｓ、Ｓ峰６．０±０．７１ｃｍ／ｓ，左室后壁运动速度测值为Ｅ峰１３．０±２．６５ｃｍ／ｓ、Ａ峰７．２±１．０ｃｍ／ｓ、Ｓ峰６．６±０．８９ｃｍ／ｓ；扩张性心肌病组室壁运动速度普遍减低，其测值均低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；心肌梗塞患者则表现为局限性室壁运动异常和速度减低。证实ＤＴＩ为心肌运动功能和室壁运动异常的判断提供了一项较敏感的检测方法。     

彩色多普勒血流会聚法评估动脉导管未闭分流程度

用彩色多普勒血流会聚法对２０例动脉导管未闭患者的左向右分流率Ｆ进行测定，并根据Ｆ值计算出动脉导管的横截面积Ａ。结果表明，血流会聚法所测分流率Ｆ与频谱多普勒法所测的分流量Ｑｐ－Ｑｓ、Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ以及导管两端的压差ΔＰ和左室内径ＤＬＶ之间均具有很好的相关性（ｒ分别为０．８１，０．６２，０．６９和０．５３，Ｐ值分别小于０．００１，０．００５，０．００１和０．０１）。根据Ｆ值计算出的导管的横截面积Ａ与二维切面上直接测得的导管内径Ｄｄ也具有极好的相关关系（ｒ＝０．８１，Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ≥２∶１所对应的Ｆ值明显高于Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ＜２；１所对应的Ｆ值（Ｐ＜０．００５）。彩色多普勒血流会聚法能够较为快速、准确地评估动脉导管未闭的左向右分流程度     

超声心动图对新生儿细小动脉导管未闭预后的观察

目的：观察新生儿动脉导管未闭的自然闭合时间及不同情况下应采取的相应措施。方法：应用ＡＣＵＳＯＮ１２８ＸＰ／１０彩超仪观察动脉导且细、长度、分流方向、时相及速度、分流压差。选择导管内径２～４．３ｍｍ新生儿共２９例,３,６,１２个月进行超声心动图追踪观察。结果：自然闭合者３个月内２５例,占８６．２％;６个月２例,占６．９％;１２个月１例,占３．４％;１例早产、低体重儿,动脉导管未闭合并房间隔小缺损,同     

彩色多普勒血流会聚法评估动脉导管未闭分流程度

用彩色多普勒血流会聚法对２０例动脉导管未闭患者的左向右分流率Ｆ进行测定，并根据Ｆ值计算出动脉导管的横截面积Ａ。结果表明，血流会聚法所测分流率Ｆ与频谱Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ法所测的分流量Ｑｐ－Ｑｓ、Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ以及导管两端的压差△Ｐ和左室内径ＤＬＶ之间均具有很好的相关性（ｒ分别为０．８１，０．６２，０．６９和０．５３，Ｐ值分别小于０．００１，０．００５，０．００１和０．０１）。根据Ｆ值计算出的导管横截面积Ａ与两组切面上直接测得的导管内径Ｄｄ也具有极好的相关关系（ｒ＝０．８１，Ｐ值＜０．００１）。Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ≥２１所对应的Ｆ值明显高于Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ＜２１所对应的Ｆ值（Ｐ值＜０．００５）。彩色多普勒血流会聚法能够较为快速、准确地评估动脉导管未闭的左向右分流程度     

超声心动图对胎心动脉导管和卵圆孔的解剖学及血流动力学研究

本文运用复合超声心动图技术包括二维、频谱和彩色多普勒超声心动图对５６例胎心动脉导管和卵圆孔进行解剖学和血流动力学检测，超声束与血流的夹角＜３０°。共获１８项参数。结果显示：１．胎心动脉导管的收缩期血流峰值速度、平均速度、峰值压差及平均压差均明显地高于胎儿心内各瓣口血流。２．动脉导管血流呈现收缩期为高速和舒张期为低速血流的血流特性。３．动脉导管血流的射血时间略长于主动脉和肺动脉。４．动脉导管血流加速度时间较肺动脉长。５，卵圆孔活瓣在每个心动周期内开放两次从而形成双峰的频谱特点。６．动脉导管和卵圆孔的血流流速积分，两组间有良好的相关关系（ｒ＝０．６１，Ｐ＜０．００１）。７．ＣＤＦＩ显示动脉导管为从肺动脉向降主动脉分流的五彩镶嵌的血流信号，而卵圆孔显示为从右房向左房分流的单色血流信号。     

自然关闭的动脉导管未闭患儿动脉导管分流的多普勒特点

目的：本报道11例动脉导管末闭(PDA)新生儿，婴幼儿的肺动脉左向右分流多普勒频谱峰值。注意到动脉导管分流的频谱峰值与其自然闭合的关系。方法：取大动脉短轴切面，清晰显示主动脉分叉处，得到完整左向右分流频谱。测量：每个病例观察2—4次。结果：一个月闭合4例，三个月闭合4例，半年闭合2例。一年闭合1例，分流峰值均大于1．9cm／s。结论：PDA的自然关闭与左向右分流的流速有关，流速越高，自然关闭的可能性越大。     

彩色多普勒血流会聚定量诊断室间隔缺损分流

本文应用彩色多普勒血流会聚法对２０例室间隔缺损患者的分流进行了定量研究，并观察了不同混叠极限对其定量的影响。结果显示：混叠极限为７１、５８、４６、３７和２９ｃｍ／ｓ时血流会聚分流量与频谱多普勒法所计分流量相关性好（ｒ＝０．９０－０．９４，Ｐ＜０．０００５），与肺／体循环量也呈显著相关（ｒ＝０．５９－０．６５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。其中以混叠极为５８ｃｍ／ｓ所求血流会聚分流量与频谱多普勒分流最最接近，分别     

彩色多普勒血流显像鉴别视网膜与脉络膜脱离的价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像（ＣＤＦＩ）鉴别视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离的诊断价值。方法 采用ＣＤ－ＦＩ技术检测４１例视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离患者,并与手术病理结果对照。结果 视网膜脱离时玻璃体内膜状物血流呈“Ｖ”形与视乳头相连,直径２ｍｍ以下,峰值流速（Ｖａｍｘ）１０．６ ■ ２．４ｃｍ／ｓ,阻力指数（ＲＩ）０．６８■ ０．０７。脉络膜脱离时血流呈反括号“）（”对吻状,直径３ｍｍ以上,Ｖｍａ×２１．３■４．９ｃｍ／ｓ,ＲＩ０．４０■０．０９（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论　ＣＤＦＩ显示血流束的大小、走行及频谱特征是鉴…     

彩色多普勒超声在原发性下肢深静脉瓣功能不全中的应用

目的　应用彩色多普勒超声诊断原发性下肢深静脉瓣功能不全。方法　应用彩色多普勒超声检测了２２个病人（３６条腿）和１５个正常人（３０条腿）的下肢股浅静脉、腘静脉瓣及内径、彩色返流信号、血流频谱及时间平均流速（ＴＡＶ）。结果　２２个深静脉瓣功能不全的病人均有股浅静脉〔（９．３６±２．０） ｍ ｍ ｖｓ（５．３５±１．０） ｍ ｍ ; Ｐ＜ ０．００１〕和腘静脉〔（９．９０±２．３） ｍ ｍ ｖｓ （５．０６±１．４） ｍ ｍ , Ｐ＜ ０．０１〕的扩张; ＴＡＶ股浅静脉〔（３．９０±２．３） ｃｍ ／ｓ ｖｓ （６．５０±２．２） ｃｍ ／ｓ〕和腘静脉〔（２．７５±２１） ｃｍ ／ｓｖｓ （５．７５±２．３） ｃｍ ／ｓ, Ｐ＜ ０．００１〕明显减慢。在Ｖａｌｓａｌｖａ＇ｓ或平静呼吸时显示有彩色返流信号, 脉冲多普勒显示呈双向频谱, 其中, 股浅静脉瓣３例, 腘静脉瓣１４例, 双瓣１９例。正常组腘静脉瓣１例。二组差别有极显著意义。结论　彩色多普勒超声能明确瓣膜的返流的部位及返流程度, 诊断下肢深静脉瓣功能不全。对外科合理地选择手术方式及部位, 并在术后观察疗效。     

正常胎儿静脉导管的多普勒血流波型

本文报告了６０例２３～３６周正常孕妇胎儿的静脉导管血流波型，２Ｄ显像静脉导管为一狭窄喇叭样管道，其管腔连接于脐静脉和下腔静脉。最狭窄处的血管内径小于２ｍｍ，脉冲多普勒频谱图为三相型，心室收缩期波峰、心室舒张期波峰、心房收缩期波谷仍为正向频谱。流速测定：心室收缩期峰值平均５５．１±１２．９２ｃｍ／ｓ，心室舒张期峰值平均４７．４５±１３．８７ｃｍ／ｓ，心房收缩期峰值平均为２９．１４±１０．４９ｃｍ／ｓ，平均最大流速４６．０４±１２．３６ｃｍ／ｓ，静脉导管指数０．４８±０．１２［（心室收缩期最大峰值一心房收缩期最大峰值）／心室收缩期最大峰值］。血流量２７．５３±１２．１７ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，静脉导管与脐静脉血流量之比（ＤＶ／ＵＶ）０．３２±０．１６，本研究表明应用超声多普勒技术可以测定静脉导管血流速度，高流速的静脉导管血流支持含氧较高脐血主要流入卵圆窝左心的理论，正常人类胎儿大约１／３脐静脉血，流入静脉导管。     

应用左向右分流建立大鼠慢性肺动脉高压模型及其特征

背景:应用左向右分流大鼠模型可以研究慢性肺血管重构在成人型先天性心脏病中的发病机制.目的:观察慢性左向右分流大鼠模型慢性肺动脉高压形成的特点.设计、时间及地点:随机对照动物实验,于2008-04/2009-04在解放军第三军医大学新桥医院动物实验中心完成.材料:4周龄SPF级纯系健康SD大鼠80只,体质量95-110 g.随机分为对照组、分流组,每组40只.自制改良聚乙烯血管连接套管,近心端内外径分别为0.6 mm和0.8 mm,远心端内外径分别为0.8 mm和1.0mm,长1.6mm.方法:分流组大鼠:行左向右分流术,运用收缩型聚乙烯血管连接器建立右颈总动脉-颈外静脉连接.对照组行假手术.手术后在第4,8,12,16周(每个时相点10只大鼠),通过血流动力学检查、病理标本制作、苏木精-伊红染色、图像分析等一系列步骤对该模型进行评价.主要观察指标:分流组和对照组大鼠右室收缩压、右心肥大比率[右室/(左室+室间隔)],各级肺小动脉相对中膜厚度改变.结果:全部实验动物存活.分流组肺循环血流量明显高于对照组(P<0.01).与对照组相比,分流12,16周右室收缩压明显增高(P<0.01),分流12,16周时右心肥大比率显著增加(P<0.01).与对照组相比,分流12周和16周组肺动脉相对中膜厚度明显增加(P<0.01).结论:左向右的持续低分流,能有效引起慢性肺血管重构,颈总动脉-颈外静脉连接建立慢性肺动脉高压模型操作简便,稳定性好,对实验动物损伤小,是研究低分流引起的慢性肺动脉高压形成的有用工具.     

卵圆孔未闭经胸超声心动图声学造影及经食管超声心动图的单中心诊断数据分析

目的对卵圆孔未闭（PFO）的经胸超声心动图声学造影（cTTE）及经食管超声心动图（TEE）诊断数据进行分析,探讨cTTE和TEE检查的结果和临床意义。 方法回顾性选取2014年8月至2019年6月疑诊PFO相关疾病、在解放军总医院第一医学中心超声诊断科行cTTE及TEE检查的患者1164例。分析TEE、cTTE及二者联合方法对PFO的检出率,cTTE对右向左分流起源以及分流量的诊断评估结果,TEE对PFO形态结构特点的诊断结果。 结果1164例患者分为先兆偏头痛（MA）组314例、无先兆偏头痛（MO）组219例、隐源性脑梗死（CCI）和（或）短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）组279例和其他病变组352例。cTTE和（或）TTE检出PFO 282例（282/1164,24.2%）。4组不同临床分组间PFO检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=17.94,P<0.001）,其中MA患者PFO检出率最高（98/314,31.2%）。1164例患者中764例接受了cTTE检查,检出PFO170例（170/764,22.3%）;816例患者接受了TEE检查,检出PFO 221例（221/816,27.1%）。412例患者接受了cTTE和TEE联合检查,检出PFO125例（125/412,30.3%）。接受cTTE检查的764例患者中,cTTE检出右向左分流者474例（474/764,62.0%）。其中170例PFO右向左分流患者中,分流量为大量者居多（101/170,59.4%）;383例肺循环右向左分流患者中,分流量为少量者居多（185/383,48.3%）;79例二者合并存在者,分流量为大量者居多（54/79,68.4%）。TEE检出的221例PFO患者中,均可记录PFO宽度,平均宽度为（1.61±0.92）mm,狭长形态PFO78例,平均长度为（10.53±3.52）mm。TEE检出分流132例,其中左向右分流122例,右向左分流1例,双向分流9例;检出房间隔膨胀瘤14例,左心房房间隔袋20例,瓣膜丝状物41例。 结论MA、CCI和（或）TIA患者PFO检出率高于MO和其他疾病患者。TEE与cTTE联合应用可提高PFO检出率。cTTE对于右向左分流的检出以及右向左分流起源的判断具有重要价值。PFO相关疾病患者中,PFO右向左分流多为大量,半数以上存在肺循环右向左分流,在检查中需注意鉴别。     

Saline contrast and colour Doppler transoesophageal echocardiography in detecting a patent foramen ovale and right-to-left shunts in stroke patients

Summary. A paradoxical embolism due to right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be responsible for stroke and other ischaemic cerebral events. We studied the usefulness of saline contrast transoesophageal echocardiography after the Valsalva manoeuvre in detecting PFO and right-to-left shunts in 28 adult patients without known reason for a recent stroke. The results were compared with conventional transthoracic colour Doppler and with transoesophageal colour Doppler techniques. A PFO was found in 24 patients (86%) of our selected study population, whereas in four patients no PFO was found. A PFO with left-to-right shunt could be diagnosed by transthoracic colour Doppler echocardiography in only one case. A PFO with left-to-right shunt was found by transoesophageal colour Doppler echocardiography in 17 patients (61%), but in only three of them was a right-to-left shunt detected, even after the Valsalva manoeuvre. In contrast, a PFO with right-to-left shunt could be detected in 21 patients (75%) by using saline contrast transoesophageal echocardiography with the Valsalva manoeuvre. However, the method was unable to detect three cases of PFO with only left-to-right shunt, which were detected by colour Doppler transoesophageal echocardiography. In conclusion, our results show that saline contrast transoesophageal echocardiography with the Valsalva manoeuvre greatly improves the echocardiographic detection of PFO with right-to-left shunts in stroke patients.     

Exceptional survival of a patient with large ventricular septal defect, bidirectional shunt, and severe pulmonary valve stenosis.

A 74-year-old man has survived in good health for an exceptionally long time despite the presence of a moderate-to-large-sized membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). He has remained acyanotic with New York Heart Association class I function. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography with color flow Doppler demonstrated a membranous VSD with left-to-right and right-to-left bidirectional shunts during ventricular systole and diastole, respectively, with an right ventricular systolic pressure of 93 mm Hg, dilation of the atria and the right ventricle, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The pulmonary valve was severely stenotic with transpulmonary valve peak velocity of 6.1 m/s and a peak pressure gradient of 147 mm Hg. The pulmonary artery and inferior vena cava were mildly dilated, and the left ventricular dimension and systolic function were normal. Transesophageal echocardiography with saline solution microbubble injection demonstrated positive contrast effect in the left ventricle in diastole confirming a right-to-left shunt at the ventricular level. This man is currently the oldest survivor with a moderate-to-large-sized membranous VSD reported in the literature.     

Echocardiographic and hemodynamic characteristics of atrial septal defects created by percutaneous valvuloplasty

Twenty-nine patients were studied by pulsed, continuous wave, and color Doppler before and after percutaneous transseptal valvuloplasty. New atrial septal defects were detected in 14 patients, and the patients were monitored for up to 320 days after the procedure. The diameter of the defect, best evaluated by the transesophageal approach, was 3 to 15 mm. A narrow, high velocity (1.4 to 3.1 meters per second) left-to-right shunt jet was detected in 13 of 14 patients. The shunt jet was continuous in nine of 14 patients, late systolic-holodiastolic in four patients, and bidirectional in one patient. Cardiac catheterization in nine patients confirmed the Doppler findings and demonstrated a peak pressure gradient of 10 to 32 mm Hg between the left and right atria. Oximetry revealed a calculated pulmonary to systemic flow ratio ranging from 2.3:1 in the patient with the largest atrial septal defect by echocardiography to 1:1 (no oxygen saturation step-up) in the patient with the smallest atrial septal defect. In the three patients who underwent cardiac surgery, the operative findings confirmed those of echocardiography. We concluded that atrial septal defects are common after transseptal valvuloplasty. Usually, their relatively small size and the underlying valvular disease that produces high left atrial pressure are responsible for the high pressure gradient between the left and right atria. This results in the high velocity and continuous shunt jet detected by Doppler echocardiography.     

彩超诊断腓动脉末支血管的研究

目的　对２０ 例腓动脉末支血管作血流动力学检测。方法　被检查者取侧卧位,下肢髋、膝关节弯曲呈放松状态,探头置在距膝关节约６ ｃｍ 处,声像图显示腓骨和周围诸肌。观察血管的内径及彩色血流的充盈情况等。结果　管径为１－３３±０－１３ ｍ ｍ ,收缩期峰值流速为１５－６±１１－６ ｃｍ／ｓ,阻力指数为０－９ ±０－０７ ,平均流速为８－６ ±３－１６ ｃｍ／ｓ。结论　本文的腓动脉末支血管的收缩期峰值流速与文献报道的胫后动脉收缩期峰值流速近似,作者在检查该血管时发现大多数为单相波型,很少为三相波型,认为接近骨面区的动脉末支血管受肌肉阻力少或无。彩超可较准确地评估下肢动脉的功能信息。     

胎儿心脏卵圆孔瓣正常开放与宫内早闭的超声心动图定量分析

目的应用胎儿超声心动图定量分析卵圆孔瓣运动规律以及卵圆孔瓣宫内早闭的血流动力学特点。 方法选取2019年11月至2020年6月在北京百子湾和美妇儿医院进行产前检查,胎儿及母体均未发现异常的孕妇102 例为正常组,依据孕龄将正常组分为3组：组A孕28⁺⁰~32⁺⁶周36例,组B孕33⁺⁰~36⁺⁶周32例,组C孕37⁺⁰~40⁺⁶周34例。另选取超声心动图诊断为胎儿宫内卵圆孔瓣早闭且右心增大的孕妇14例为异常组。应用M型超声心动图检测胎儿卵圆孔瓣运动曲线,测量收缩期（S峰）和舒张期（D峰）运动峰值,S峰持续时间（ST）,1个心动周期持续时间（T）,S峰下降斜率,计算ST/T;应用多普勒超声测量肺动脉瓣、主动脉瓣、动脉导管血流速度,静脉导管阻力指数,脐静脉（腹段）血流速度,跨卵圆孔和下腔静脉入右心房血流速度;应用二维超声测量胎儿卵圆孔径,右心房与左心房横径比值（RA/LA）、右心室与左心室横径比值（RV/LV）。比较并分析各组之间以上参数的差异。 结果正常组胎儿卵圆孔瓣M型超声心动图特点为卵圆孔瓣运动曲线形成的S峰和D峰皆为向左心房单向运动,S峰最大运动峰值大于D峰。正常胎儿S峰最大运动峰值5~7 mm,平均（6.00±0.96）mm。M型超声心动图测量卵圆孔瓣运动曲线S峰运动最大峰值,卵圆孔瓣早闭组与正常组C比较差异有统计学意义［（3.72±0.54）cm vs （6.17±0.94）cm,P＜0.001］,ST/T卵圆孔瓣早闭组较正常组C减小,差异有统计学意义（0.52±0.86 vs 0.59±0.05,P＜0.001）。卵圆孔瓣早闭组胎儿右心扩大,与正常组C比较,RA/LA增大,2组间差异有统计学意义（1.83±0.21 vs 1.19±0.19,P＜0.001）。正常胎儿跨卵圆孔血流速度低于下腔静脉入口血流速度［（40.9±8.9）cm/s vs（52.5±11.5）cm/s,P＜0.05］,卵圆孔瓣早闭组跨卵圆孔血流速度高于下腔静脉入口血流速度［（47.9±10.6）cm/s vs（43.1±7.4）cm/s,P＜0.05］。脐静脉血流速度正常组C高于卵圆孔瓣早闭组,差异有统计学意义［（24.4±4.47）cm/s vs（20.3±5.00）cm/s, P＜0.05］。 结论M型超声心动图显示正常胎儿卵圆孔瓣运动曲线有其自身规律和特点,卵圆孔瓣宫内早闭胎儿卵圆孔瓣开放运动减低。应用M型超声心动图对卵圆孔瓣运动及血流动力学特点进行定量分析研究,有助于准确诊断卵圆孔瓣宫内闭合。     

多普勒组织显像评价左心室舒张功能：二尖瓣环运动速度

本文采用多普勒组织显像(DTI)检测了30例正常人和59例高血压病人舒张期二尖瓣瓣环运动速度频谱,并与二尖瓣瓣口血流频谱进行比较。结果发现:二尖瓣瓣环DTI速度频谱为负向双峰,正常人组e峰均高于a峰,高血压组e峰低于a峰,高血压组a/f值均大于1.0,明显高于正常人组(P<0.05);高血压组内DTI速度频谱较二尖瓣瓣口血流频谱类型单一,两者a/e值和A/E值之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),相关系数低(r=0.29)。结果表明:二尖瓣瓣环DTI速度频谱可以反映左心室舒张功能变化,较二尖瓣瓣口血流频谱敏感且影响因素少,是一项有前途的左心室舒张功能评价方法。     

Patent foramen ovale: anatomy versus pathophysiology--which determines stroke risk?

This study investigated anatomic and pathophysiologic variables that may determine which patent foramen ovale (PFO) are associated with cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Anatomic features of a PFO have been identified as risk factors that predispose certain people to cryptogenic strokes (strokes of unknown cause). However, potential pathophysiologic variables that can determine the pressure gradient between left and right atria, which could influence the right-to-left shunt through a PFO, have not been examined. A retrospective study included 78 consecutive patients in whom PFOs were detected during routine transesophageal echocardiography examination. Group I included 36 patients with CVAs of unknown cause (cryptogenic stroke). Group II included 42 patients without CVAs whose PFOs were incidental findings. Anatomic features measured included separation and overlap between septum primum and septum secundum, interatrial septal motion, and the relative size of the right-to-left shunt with peripheral saline solution contrast injections. Pathophysiologic variables considered were those that could cause elevated left atrial pressure, thereby minimizing the right-to-left shunt.Patients with a clinical neurologic event (group I) had a larger right-to-left shunt volume of contrast bubbles than did patients with asymptomatic PFO (group II; P =.004). The size of the overlap between septum primum and septum secundum was less in patients from group I as compared with patients from group II (7.5 +/- 3.4 mm versus 9.9 +/- 6.0 mm; P =.026). However, other anatomic features of PFO that are determinants of the "opening" were not significantly different between the 2 groups. No statistically significant difference was found in the distance of the separation between septum primum and septum secundum (2.5 +/- 2.0 mm versus 1.9 +/- 1.6 mm; P = not significant). The prevalence of interatrial septal aneurysm was also similar between the 2 groups (28% versus 21%; P = not significant). However, the prevalence of variables that could potentially raise left atrial pressure was greater in patients without CVA as compared with those with a CVA (48% versus 14%; P =.01). In our study, anatomic features alone did not determine interatrial shunt size and pathophysiologic variables that could raise left atrial pressures did differentiate between patients with a PFO with a CVA/transient ischemic attack and those without it. Thus, both anatomic and pathophysiologic mechanisms should be considered in determination of the potential clinical significance of a PFO.     

肺静脉血流频谱评价冠心病患者左心室舒张功能的价值

目的：应用彩色多普勒超声心动图研究冠心病患者肺静脉血流频谱对左心室舒张功能的价值。方法：用彩色多普勒超声心动图检测冠心病患者和相同年龄组正常人各45例的右上肺静脉血流频谱峰值（Sp、Dp、ap）及其速度时间积分（Si、Di、ai），与所检测的二尖瓣口血流频谱峰值（Ep、Ap)、速度时间积分（Ei、Ai)及等容舒张时间相比较，将结果对比分析。结果：冠心病组ap、ai较正常组显著增大，Si、Dp、Di和Dp/ap、Di/ai值明显减小，ap、ai增大幅度与左室舒张功能明显相关。二尖瓣口血流频谱测值一般反映了左室舒张功能状态，但对几例出现的“伪正常”频谱表现难以明确评价。结论：肺静脉血流可直观反映冠心病患者左心房内的压力状态，其频谱特征与二尖瓣口血流频谱结合评价左室舒张功能较用二尖瓣口血流频谱一种方法更加准确可靠。