儿童腺样体肥大并发分泌性中耳炎的临床分析

[目的]分析腺样体肥大患儿群体中分泌性中耳炎的发病情况及腺样体切除术后分泌性中耳炎的转归.[方法] 回顾分析119例腺样体肥大患儿术前声导抗、鼻咽侧位摄片及电测听检查情况,经70度鼻内窥镜口腔入路腺样体切除术,术后随访3个月,记录声导抗及鼓膜形态变化.[结果] 119例患儿中分泌性中耳炎44例(中耳炎发病率达36.97%),术后3个月内声阻抗及鼓膜形态恢复正常42例,手术治愈率达95.45%.[结论] 分泌性中耳炎在腺样体肥大患儿群体中发病率较高,治疗上更强调去除病因;常规对此类儿童进行声导抗检查,可避免因漏诊而贻误治疗,具有重要的临床意义.     

声阻抗检查对儿童分泌性中耳炎早期诊断的意义

目的：了解声阻抗检查在儿童分泌性中耳炎早期诊断中的临床意义。方法：对２５例３０耳分泌性中耳炎患儿行纯音测听结合声阻抗检查,测试结果进行分析。结果：２５例３０耳中有２５耳呈Ｂ型曲线（占８３５％）;４耳呈Ｃ型曲线（占１３３％）;１耳呈Ａｓ型曲线（占３３％）;２２例患耳同侧及对侧声反射缺如;３例双耳同侧及对侧声反射可引出。结论：声阻抗检查是早期诊断儿童分泌性中耳炎的敏感方法。     

分泌性中耳炎合并鼻-鼻窦炎的临床研究

目的探讨分泌性中耳炎合并鼻-鼻窦炎的临床特征、诊断要点及手术治疗方法。方法利用耳内镜、纯音测听、声阻抗及鼻内镜、鼻窦CT,对耳闷、听力下降3个月以上的分泌性中耳炎患者进行检查,确诊为分泌性中耳炎合并鼻-鼻窦炎42例（65耳）,并对所有患者进行了手术及药物治疗,分析其疗效。结果除1例（2耳）患者不明原因反复发作分泌性中耳炎外,其余所有患者耳闷、听力下降等症状均有改善,声阻抗、纯音听力测试结果基本恢复正常。结论鼻-鼻窦炎与分泌性中耳炎发病有密切相关性,因此治疗分泌性中耳炎时应关注、评估鼻-鼻窦炎,以防漏诊与分泌性中耳炎共同存在的鼻部病灶,导致分泌性中耳炎迁延不愈。     

50例儿童分泌性中耳炎漏诊原因分析

目的：通过对50例儿童分泌性中耳炎漏诊的原因进行分析,提高对此病的了解与认识,减少诊断中的失误与错漏。方法随机抽取东莞市人民医院50例患有儿童分泌性中耳炎（61耳）在首诊或多次诊治中出现的漏诊情况,对临床症状表现、资料进行分析,研究导致漏诊的原因。结果50例（61耳）患有儿童分泌性中耳炎的患儿被误诊或漏诊,经过再次的询问以及重新进行系统检查,50例（61耳）患儿重新被确诊为分泌性中耳炎,再经过对此症状进行药物以及穿刺冲洗等治疗后,50例患儿全部治愈。结论应通过全面问询以及临床检查对儿童分泌性中耳炎做出准确诊断,减少临床漏诊现象的发生。     

腺样体切除术对儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎及分泌性中耳炎转归的影响

目的:探讨腺样体切除对儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎及分泌性中耳炎转归的影响。方法:对106例并发慢性鼻-鼻窦炎及分泌性中耳炎的腺样体肥大患儿行鼻内窥镜直视下腺样体吸切术。结果:106例患儿术后睡眠打鼾、张口呼吸症状消失;其中84例伴发慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的患儿中,3个月后随访78例鼻塞、多涕、闭塞性鼻音症状消失,6例症状明显减轻;22例伴发分泌性中耳炎的患儿中,20例听力恢复正常,声阻抗检查示:A型曲线,2例偶尔耳闷,声阻抗检查示:C型曲线。结论:腺样体肥大是引起儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎及分泌性中耳炎很重要的原因,适时行腺样体切除术对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎及分泌性中耳炎的治疗至关重要。     

鼓室声导抗测试在小儿分泌性中耳炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨鼓室声导抗测试在小儿分泌性中耳炎诊断中的价值。方法对2006～2009年期间在本院诊断和接受治疗的232例患儿（389耳）进行回顾性分析。分析统计其鼓室声导抗测试，纯音测听，脑干诱发电位，乳突CT扫描结果。结果仅依靠鼓室声顺图B型，诊断为分泌性中耳炎，那么真阳性率为84．24％，假阳性率为24．36％，也就是误诊率是24．36％，有15．76％鼓室声顺图C型的惠儿鼓室穿刺证实有积液的，漏诊率是15．76％。结论鼓室声导抗测试诊断小儿分泌性中耳炎存在一定的局限性，容易造成一定的误诊率和漏诊率。应在临床检查中同时进行纯音测听或脑干诱发电位的测试，则能明显提高诊断的灵敏度。     

分泌性中耳炎误诊原因分析

目的分析分泌性中耳炎误诊的相关因素，拟减少误诊率，提高诊治水平。方法对2002年1月～2004年12月资料完整的212例（252耳）分泌性中耳炎病人中曾发生误诊、漏诊的32例（38耳）进行回顾性分析。结果误诊为感音神经性耳聋19例，突发性耳聋5例，漏诊8例。主要原因：①纯音测听表现为骨导听力损失误诊为感音神经性耳聋；②声阻抗表现为C型曲线而引起漏诊；③症状不典型、问病史不详细、检查鼓膜不仔细而引起。结论分泌性中耳炎可引起内耳功能的紊乱，导致骨导听阈改变，应根据年龄、病史、结合听力图及声阻抗进行综合分析。减少误诊率。     

变应性鼻炎患儿声阻抗检测分析

变应性鼻炎(allergicrhinitis,AR)常与鼻窦炎、中耳炎、结膜炎等并发,其分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的发病率远高于正常人群.为探讨儿童变应性鼻炎与分泌性中耳炎的关系,2006年3月～2008年9月我们对86例临床诊断为变应性鼻炎患儿和56例正常儿童进行了声阻抗检测,结果报告如下.     

腭裂患者术前鼓室功能与听力测试结果分析

腭裂患者分泌性中耳炎的发病率较高。发生分泌性中耳炎时,患者的中耳功能(包括咽鼓管功能和鼓室功能)常受到影响。笔者通过对不同类型腭裂患者的听力及声阻抗检查,从纯音测听阈值、鼓室功能曲线、鼓室压力等了解听力损失、鼓室积液及咽鼓管功能的情况,以探讨腭裂畸形对中耳的影响及临床意义。     

1006例学龄前儿童声导抗检测结果分析

目的通过对学龄前儿童进行声导抗测试,了解儿童分泌性中耳炎的发生率及影响相关因素。方法运用声阻抗技术,对1006例学龄前儿童进行中耳功能检查。结果分泌性中耳炎检出（B型鼓室图）41例,占4．08％;中耳负压（C型鼓室图）102例,占10．14％。结论利用声导抗对学龄前儿童进行中耳功能检查是早期发现中耳炎及中耳功能异常的有效方法,是开展听力保健的重要措施。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.