改良Soave术治疗婴儿和新生儿先天性巨结肠27例

目的总结改良Soave根治术治疗婴儿和新生儿先天性巨结肠的手术体会。方法对27例10d￣3个月的先天性巨结肠患儿行改良Soave根治术,其中14例常见型巨结肠经肛门直接拖出,4例因根治术前肠穿孔行结肠造瘘术。腹部不切开肠管亦不剥离肌鞘,而是转至会阴部操作,保留肌鞘后壁距齿状线0.5cm,前壁距齿状线2￣3cm。结果术后无内括约肌征候群及肌鞘感染,每月随访1次,无便秘、腹胀及失禁现象,大便控制良好。结论改良Soave根治术应用于小婴儿和新生儿先天性巨结肠,创伤小,恢复快,减轻了患儿痛苦,术后可获得良好的排便控制功能,近期疗效满意。     

经肛门改良Soave术和经腹手术治疗先天性巨结肠疗效比较

目的探讨经肛门改良Soave术和经腹手术治疗先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。方法2001～2007年作者收治年龄〉3岁的先天性巨结肠患儿41例，其中28例采取经肛门改良Soave术，24例经腹手术，分析两组患儿术后并发症以及排便功能。结果两组并发症的发生率比较，经肛门改良Soave术明显少于经腹手术，先天性巨结肠相关性肠炎（Himchsprung’s associatedentero colitis，HAEC）的发生率低于经腹手术，差异有统计学意义。两组排便控制能力以及大便形态方面比较，经肛门改良Soave术优于经腹手术。结论经肛门改良Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠安全可行，疗效优于经腹手术，但术后仍有诸多并发症，特别在排便控制方面，需要大宗病例长期随访的研究来评估。     

先天性巨结肠的微创手术治疗

目的总结先天性巨结肠微创手术的治疗经验。方法2002年5月～2006年12月47例先天性巨结肠患儿,短段型15例,常见型28例,长段型4例,23例行经肛门脱出Soave手术,24例行腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave手术。结果术后2例仍存在便秘,1例为经肛门脱出术后,1例为腹腔镜Soave术后,1例肠梗阻,1例直肠鞘内感染,2例肛门瘢痕性狭窄,40例患儿手术效果良好。结论正确应用微创手术治疗先天性巨结肠符合外科手术微创化的趋势,具有广阔的前景。     

经肛门改良Swenson和Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠比较

目的比较经肛门改良Swenson术和Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠的疗效及优缺点。方法回顾性分析经肛门手术治疗的50例先天性巨结肠患儿临床资料，其中短段型11例，普通型35例，长段型4例；行经肛门改良Swenson术21例，经肛门改良Soave术29例。比较两组患儿手术相关因素、术后并发症及排便功能情况。结果两种术式术前灌肠时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数及出院时排便情况比较，无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而手术时间比较，前者较后者短（P〈0．05）。两组术后并发症的发生率分别为19．0％和37．9％，术后6个月时排便优良率为95．2％和89．6％。结论经肛门改良Swenson术和改良Soave术创伤小，恢复快，疗效好，但经肛门Swenson术较经肛门Soave术操作更简单方便，并发症明显减少；两者手术适应证均可适当放宽。     

经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术并发症的防治

目的探讨经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术后并发症的防治方法。方法回顾性分析2002年6月￣2005年12月我院56例经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术患儿的手术以及诊疗经过。结果56例巨结肠中44例获得成功,无并发症发生,12例出现并发症,其中小肠结肠炎2例,术后腹腔大出血1例,大网膜嵌顿导致结肠梗阻1例,直肠肌鞘感染1例,便秘1例,肛周红斑及糜烂7例,均经治疗痊愈,随访2个月￣3年,1例轻度粪污,其余患儿肛门无狭窄,每日排便1￣3次,生长发育正常。结论经肛门Soave巨结肠根治术具有创伤小,出血少,术后恢复快、无肠粘连等优点,预防和处理术后并发症是治疗的重要课题。     

经肛门改良Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠80例疗效分析

青岛市儿童医院2003～2007年应用经肛门改良Soave术治疗80例先天性巨结肠患儿,疗效满意,现从手术适用证、手术结果、术后并发症及排便控制等方面进行分析.     

小婴儿I期经肛门巨结肠根治术

目的研究分析I期经肛门治疗小婴儿先天性巨结肠的临床效果。方法12例患先天性巨结肠小婴儿,11例I期经肛门完成根治术,手术年龄32d～158d。手术采用截石位或俯卧位,于直肠后壁齿状线上0.5cm～1.0cm,前壁齿状线上1.5cm～3.0cm切开直肠粘膜,向近端游离直肠粘膜达腹膜返折,环形切开肌鞘,游离近端结肠,拖出正常结肠与肛门斜形吻合。结果平均手术时间95min,均于12h内排便,无术中术后并发症。随访2个月～1年,临床效果良,无污便。结论I期经肛门巨结肠根治术安全简单,临床效果好,适于在小婴儿中开展。     

改良Soave术与传统Duhamel术治疗先天性巨结肠比较

目的比较经肛门巨结肠根治术(改良Soave术)和传统Duhamel巨结肠根治术的优缺点。方法2001年7月- 2003年5月采用改良Soave术治疗巨结肠患儿21例和1998-2001年采用传统巨结肠根治术治疗患儿32例,并比较两种方法的用血量、手术时间、术后禁食时间和术后并发症的发生。结果改良Soave术式用血量为(20.2±3.5)mL、手术时间(90.1±6.7)min、术后平均禁食时间(18 2±1.3)h,无术后并发症。传统巨结肠根治用血量为(120.5±12.4)mL、手术时间(156.4±16.8)min、术后平均禁食时闻(46.6±2,5)h,两者比较有显著差异(P均<0.05),传统巨结肠根治4例术后出现肛门狭窄,3 例术后有污粪。结论改良Soave术式用时少,术中出血少,患儿恢复快,手术效果好。     

经肛门结肠拖出术(Soave术)治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠

目的 报道采用微创方法治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠。方法 自2001年10月起采用经肛门结肠拖出术(Soave术)治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠35例。结果 35例Ⅰ期手术均成功，术后2d拔除胃管开始进食，14d开始扩肛。随访6个月，无1例出现污粪、失禁、便秘等早期并发症。结论 经肛门结肠拖出术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠，手术操作简单，创伤小，近期疗效良好。     

经肛门Swenson术及Soave术治疗巨结肠临床效果分析

目的 探讨分析巨结肠经肛门改良Swenson术、经肛门Swenson术(即完整保留直肠肛管黏膜及肌层)及经肛门Soave术三种术式的临床效果及各种并发症的发生率.方法 结合我科巨结肠经肛门行改良Swenson术505例经验,加上统计国内外文献巨结肠经肛门Swenson术456例及经肛门Soave术1443例的大宗病例,将其各种并发症加以统计并予以分析.结果 经肛门改良Swenson术的污粪发生率为0.6％、经肛门Swenson术为3.5％、经肛门Soave术为6.4％;吻合口狭窄的发生率分别是0.4％、0、2.1％;失禁发生率为0.2％、0.4％、0.4％;结肠小肠炎发生率为1.2％、0.4％、7.2％;便秘复发率为1.2％、0.9％、4.1％.三种手术方式并发症数据进行3×2行列表x2检验,两两比较分析,经肛门Swenson术组和改良Swenson术组组间总并发症发生率差异没有统计学意义(x2=1.6546,P=0.1983);而经肛门Soave术组与经肛门Swenson术组和改良Swenson术组的组间总并发症发生率差异均有统计学意义,分别为x2=56.3752、P＜0.0001和x2=78.1408、P＜0.0001.结论 三种经肛门手术均降低了手术创伤,但经肛门改良Swenson术和经肛门Swenson术术后并发症较少,临床效果更好.     

经肛门拖出及辅助腹部小切口根治长段型巨结肠33例报告

目的探讨经肛门拖出及/或选择性辅加腹部小切口根治长段型巨结肠的可行性与疗效。方法2001年1月～2005年3月经用该术式治疗婴儿长段型巨结肠33例。其中病变段位于乙状结肠上段16例,降结肠11例,脾曲4例,横结肠右侧2例。全组病例均经钡剂灌肠、肛门直肠测压、手术及病理检查确诊。实施I期手术32例,II期手术1例。结果17例单独经肛门拖出结肠,16例辅加腹部3～5cm小切口协助完成手术。切除病变结肠平均长度为39.2cm(32～63cm)。平均手术时间为145min(110～190min)。出血约10～50ml。术后恢复良好,6例出现肛周轻度红肿、糜烂,均于术后6～11d痊愈出院。30例经3个月～4.5年随访,生长发育良好,3个月内每日排便4～8次,6个月后每日2～3次。5例发生结肠炎,经保守治疗痊愈。轻度污粪及便秘各1例。无腹部并发症及吻合口狭窄。结论经肛门结肠拖出术根治婴儿长段型巨结肠方法可行,且安全、有效,操作较简便。对病变位于降结肠以上、结肠系膜较短者,可辅加腹部小切口协助完成手术,值得推荐。     

微创手术与经肛门Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠的个性化选择

目的 根据病情选择单纯改良经肛门Soave术、辅助小切口手术或辅助腹腔镜手术对先天性巨结肠进行个性化治疗,并评价其安全性和有效性.方法 2002年1月至2010年12月,对137例先天性巨结肠患儿采用改良一期经肛门Soave术（Ⅰ组）,并根据年龄、影像学检查、病变类型选择个性化手术方案,其中单纯经肛门手术81例（ⅠA组）,辅助左下腹皮横纹小切口手术13例（ⅠB组）,腹腔镜辅助手术43例（ⅠC组）.并与1999年1月至2001年12月间112例（Ⅱ组）实施传统经肛门Soave术的患儿进行比较,其中单纯经肛门手术87例（ⅡA组）,开腹辅助手术35例（ⅡB组）.统计学分析采用两样本t检验、卡方检验以及Fisher检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 ①Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患儿术前临床资料相似,差异无统计学意义.②与ⅡA组相比,ⅠA组术后恢复快,并发症少,肛门功能恢复好.③与ⅡB组相比,ⅠB与ⅠC组术后并发症少,肛门功能恢复好,而ⅠB与ⅠC组无差异.结论 根据不同病情个性化选择单纯改良经肛门Soave术、辅助小切口手术或辅助腹腔镜手术,可有效减少手术并发症,提高生活质量.     

Transanal coloanal pull-through with a short muscular cuff for classic Hirschsprung's disease.

INTRODUCTION: A totally transanal operation for classic Hirschsprung's disease has become increasingly popular during the last few years. The procedure leaves no scars, is associated with less postoperative pain and discomfort and shortens hospital stay. The most commonly used technique for transanal pull-through is long endorectal dissection leaving a long muscular cuff, which is usually split posteriorly. We present our preliminary results following transanal endorectal operations with a short unsplit muscular cuff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients underwent short-cuff transanal endorectal operation for Hirschsprung's disease between years 2000 and 2002. Patients' hospital records were analysed retrospectively. The collected data included age at operation, associated conditions, hospital stay and time to full enteral feeding, occurrence of pre- and postoperative enterocolitis and preoperative stoma, operative complications, need for postoperative anal dilatations, postoperative perianal skin problems and preliminary data on bowel function. RESULTS: The median age at operation was 1 month (range 0 - 60 months), 13 patients were operated on in the neonatal period. Four patients had Down's syndrome, 1 had cartilage-hair hypoplasia and one Ondine's syndrome. Five patients had preoperative enterocolitis. Four patients had undergone levelling stoma formation for unremitting constipation or enterocolitis. The proximal ganglionic stoma was concomitantly pulled-through and anastomosed to the anus in all 4 patients with a stoma. One patient with aganglionosis extending to the proximal sigmoid required additional laparoscopic colonic mobilisation. Complications related to surgery did not occur in the present series. Median postoperative hospital stay was 3 days (range 2 - 21 days) and median time to full enteral feeding was 3 days (range 1 - 14). Six patients required anal dilatations, two of those for a period of 3 weeks. The median follow-up time was 6 months (range 1 - 22 months). Fourteen patients had perianal skin rash, which usually resolved within 6 weeks. Postoperative enterocolitis requiring hospitalisation occurred in 1 patient, another patient had mild symptoms suggesting enterocolitis; these responded to oral antibiotic treatment. Early postoperative bowel function was characterised by frequent bowel movements in most patients. This usually resolved within a few months; of the 15 patients with a follow-up of longer than 6 months only 2 have more than 3 bowel movements per day. At the last follow-up frank soiling occurred in 1 patient with Down's syndrome, one patient requires oral laxatives for constipation. CONCLUSIONS: Transanal endorectal pull-through with a short cuff is a safe operation with a low incidence of operative and postoperative complications. Hospital stay and time to full enteral feeds is significantly shorter than after conventional procedures; this is associated with lower hospital costs. Long-term functional outcome is unclear but short-term function is very similar to that after procedures where transanal mucosectomy is combined with open rectosigmoid dissection.     

结肠次全切除术治疗巨结肠同源病23例

目的探讨小儿巨结肠同源病(HAD)的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析23例巨结肠同源病的病例资料,男8例,女15例,年龄5个月～16岁,其中5个月～3岁4例,3～16岁19例。患儿均以便秘、腹胀为主诉,术前常规行钡灌肠、直肠肛管测压检查。其中11例行直肠粘膜活检术;5例因肠梗阻行结肠造瘘术;3例为先天性巨结肠术后复发便秘。结果全部病例均行腹会阴Soave法结肠次全切除术。23例中,钡剂灌肠均未见明显狭窄段、移行段,24h延迟拍片提示钡剂滞留;部分病例有结肠扩张和结肠冗长表现;直肠肛管测压均有抑制反射,11例直肠粘膜活检AchE阴性。23例术后病理诊断与术前诊断一致。术后均有不同程度腹泻,1例出现伤口裂开,2例直肠粘膜脱垂,2例粘连性肠梗阻;无吻合口瘘、肌鞘感染等并发症。结论腹会阴Soave法结肠次全切除术是治疗HAD较为彻底的术式。     

The role of transanal endorectal pull-through in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease - a multicenter experience

The transanal approach (TAA) is a new technique for surgery of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) that was introduced by de la Torre in 1998. The purpose of this multicenter study, including experience from three Austrian and one Italian departments of peadiatric surgery, was to evaluate the role of this approach in HD in 18 children aged 1-72 months. In 14 children the TAA only was performed; in 3 an additional laparoscopy was performed and in 1 conversion to a laparotomy was necessary. One complication (abscess) occurred after laparoscopic-assisted pull-through. The postoperative recovery was rapid, no severe long-term problems were observed. The transanal pull-through technique is generally possible in most classic cases of HD with extension of the disease to the sigmoid colon. If necessary, it can be combined with laparoscopy. Our preliminary results show that the technique is safe, less invasive, and gives excellent cosmetic results, and allows rapid recovery. Long-term results are still pending.     

腹腔镜辅助 Soave 巨结肠根治术115例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助 Soave 巨结肠根治术的疗效及并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析本院2008—2013年收治的115例先天性巨结肠患儿临床资料,均行腹腔镜辅助 Soave 巨结肠根治术,其中男81例,女34例,年龄1个月至14岁,短段型24例,常见型72例,长段型11例,全结肠型8例。结果115例患儿手术均获成功,手术时间60-120 min,平均（95．70±14．17）min,术中出血量3-8 mL,平均（4．8±1．65）mL,术后近期大便5-12次,3-6个月后大便接近正常,每日2-5次,术后发生小肠结肠炎10例,污粪15例,便秘复发2例,吻合口瘘结肠回缩1例,肛周皮炎15例,肛门狭窄3例。结论腹腔镜辅助 Soave 巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠创伤小,操作简单,安全有效,但也存在一定的并发症。术前诊断、术中术后规范处理,可减少术后并发症的发生。     

Bladder surgery as first-line treatment of complete duplex system complicated with ureterocele

ObjectivesWe retrospectively analyzed our experience to determine the optimum management of complete duplex system complicated with ureterocele.Materials and methodsBetween 1994 and 2003, we reviewed 15 patients treated with bladder surgery for complete duplex system complicated with ureterocele. The associated anomalies were seven vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of the lower pole ureter and one of both poles. All patients had ureterocele (11 intravesical, 4 extravesical) and a functioning upper moiety. Initial treatment was transurethral incision of ureterocele (TUI) (14) or common sheath reimplantation (1). The median follow-up was 30 (13–48) months.ResultsThere were no requirements for secondary procedures, with a significant improvement or conservation of ipsilateral renal function and no reflux, in 10 patients (67%). Five patients (33%) with ureterocele (1 intravesical, 4 extravesical) who initially underwent TUI required additional operative management due to moderate to severe VUR, recurrent urinary tract infection or decreased function of upper moiety. The secondary operation performed was lower pole nephrectomy with ureteral reimplantation (1), ureteroureterostomy with ureteral reimplantation (2) or common sheath reimplantation (2). One patient who underwent common sheath reimplantation as secondary operation needed a nephrectomy due to breakthrough febrile urinary tract infection and decreased renal function.ConclusionTUI is recommended as the first-line treatment of complete duplex system with intravesical ureterocele and well-conserved renal function.     

腹腔镜经脐及肛门自然腔道巨结肠根治术临床分析

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜监视下联合经肛门直肠内拖出结肠切除术治疗先天性巨结肠及其类缘性疾病的可行性和临床疗效.方法 2010年3～11月,对15例常见型和长段型先天性巨结肠及其类缘病患儿实施经脐单孔腹腔镜监视下联合经肛门直肠肌鞘入路游离左半结肠或全部结肠,然后拖出在体外完成直肠乙状结肠或次全结肠切除术.结果 全部患儿...     

Primary transanal Swenson pull-through operation for Hirschsprung’s disease

Objective  

The authors describe an experience with a newly developed technique for the treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD)—transanal Swenson pull-through operation (TSPT).