肝硬化患者门静脉血流动力学改变与血清NO相关性分析

目的:观察肝硬化患者门静脉血流动力学变化,探讨其与血清NO水平相关性。方法:采用彩色多普勒超声检查对60例肝硬化门静脉高压患者的门静脉、脾静脉直径,血流速度,血流量及血清NO水平进行测定,并与20例健康对照者进行比较。结果:肝硬化门脉高压患者门静脉、脾静脉直径分别为13.22±1.88mm,11.01±1.73mm,与对照组相比显著增宽(P<0.01);血流速度(PVV、SVV)分别为13.75±3.82 m/s,14.85±5.81 m/s,较对照组明显下降(P<0.01);血流量(PVF、SVF)分别为116.36±14.6ml,66.03±17.13ml,较对照组明显增加(P<0.01);血清NO水平随Child-Pugh分级逐渐升高(P<0.01)。结论:肝硬化门脉高压患者门静脉、脾静脉直径增宽,血流速度下降,血流量增加,血清水平升高。     

彩色多普勒对肝硬化门静脉系统血流动力学的检测意义

目的:观察彩色多普勒对肝硬化患者门静脉系统血流动力学的检测意义,探讨与上消化道出血的关系。方法:对62例肝硬化患者于空腹行彩色多普勒超声探查门静脉系统。结果:肝硬化组的门静脉、脾静脉及肠系膜上静脉直径增宽,血流速度显著下降;脾静脉血流量(Qsv)显著高于正常对照组(748.90±382.16ml/min、242.96±113.53ml/min,P<0.01)。肝硬化出血组脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉直径增宽、流速加快、血流量明显增多,Qsv/Qpv比值增大。结论:动态观测门静脉系统血流动力学指标对判断门静脉高压上消化道出血的危险性有重要意义。     

肝硬化门静脉系统血流动力学改变的临床意义

目的：观察肝硬化门静脉系统血流动力学改变及其与食道静脉曲张程度、食道静脉曲张出血及肝功能分级的关系。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声检查比较60例肝硬化失代偿期患者和25例正常人的门脉血流动力学参数。结果：肝硬化患者门静脉、脾静脉直径增宽，血流速度下降，血流量增加，与对照组差异显著。各参数与食道静脉曲张程度无关。肝硬化出血组脾静脉血流动力学参数及脾静脉血流量／门静脉血流量比值较无出血组显著增高。Clild-Puph C级组患者门静脉流速及流量明显低于A级组、B级组。结论：肝硬化门脉血流动力学改变不能用于判断食道静脉曲张程度，但脾静脉内径、流速、流量及脾静脉血流量／门静脉血流量比值对预测食道静脉曲张出血有重要意义。门静脉流速、流量可反映肝功能损害情况。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张大出血患者门脉血流动力学检测及其临床意义

目的探讨肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血患者门静脉血流动力学状态并分析其与ChiId-Pugh肝功能分级的关系.方法运用彩色多普勒技术检测31例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血患者门脉血流动力学状态,测定门静脉的血管内径D(cm),最大血流速度Vmax(cm/s),平均血流速度V(cm/s),根据公式Q=π(D/2)20.57Vmax计算血流量Q(ml/min),并将31例患者按Child-Pugh肝功能分级分析两者之间的关系.结果Child A、B、C三级肝硬化门静脉内径无显著差异(P＞0.05),按Child A、B、C三级顺序,门静脉流速逐渐降低,且组间比较有显著差异.门静脉血流量,Child B级较A级血流量有减少,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05).Child C级血流量较A和B级减少均有显著性差异(P＜0.001).ChildA、B、C级门静脉逆流发生率分别为0%,18.8%,85.3%.ChildA、C级间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论多普勒超声检测肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血患者门静脉血流动力学有助于评价患者的肝储备功能、门静脉高压程度及预后.     

彩色多普勒对肝硬化门脉系统血流动力学改变的意义

目的观察肝硬化患者门静脉系统血流动力学改变并探讨其对预后的影响.方法用彩色多普勒测量肝硬化腹水、无腹水及上消化道出血患者门静脉和脾静脉内径、血流速度及血流量,同时检测肝功能,并设正常对照组.结果肝硬化患者门静脉、脾静脉内径及血流量大于正常对照组(P＜0.01),门静脉血流速度小于正常对照组(P＜0.01).肝硬化消化道出血组门静脉血流速度小于腹水组和无腹水组(P＜0.05),肝硬化腹水组和消化道出血组门静脉血流量小于无腹水组(P＜0.05),肝硬化消化道出血组脾静脉血流速度大于无腹水组及腹水组(P＜0.01).结论脾静脉血流量的增多是导致门静脉高压的重要原因之一,并导致肝功能预后不良,脾静脉血流速度增快的肝硬化患者容易并发上消化道出血.     

彩超测量肝硬化患者血流动力学变化及其意义

目的　探讨肝硬化不同肝功能状态下血流动力学变化及其意义。方法　应用彩色多普勒超声 (彩超 )检测 71例肝硬化患者门静脉内径 (DPV)、门静脉平均血流速度 (VPV)、门静脉血流量 (QPV)、脾静脉内径 (DSV)、脾静脉平均血流速度 (VSV)、脾静脉血流量 (QSV)并与正常人比较。结果　肝硬化患者 DPV、DSV增宽 ,VPV、VSV减慢 ,QSV增加 ,且肝功能越差 ,变化越明显 ;QPV在 Child A级、B级患者增加 ,Child C组患者减少。结论　肝硬化不同肝功能状态血流动力学改变不同 ,彩超测量肝硬化血流动力学变化对了解病情严重程度及预后判断有重要意义     

彩色多普勒超声测定肝硬化门脉血流的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对肝硬化患者门脉血流改变的临床意义。方法收集2003年8月～2008年3月我院临床诊断肝硬化门脉高症的80例患者，肝功能Child—Pugh分级：A级27例，B级30例，C级23例，测量门静脉（PV）内径、脾静脉（SV）内径、平均血流速度（cm／s）和血流量（ml／min）。结果不同肝功能级别组与对照组比较血管内径明显增宽，血流速度明显减慢，血流量明显增加（P〈0．01）。不同肝功能级别组间随着肝功能损害程度的加重、血管内径增大及血流速度减慢也有显著改变（P〈0．05），但血流量参数无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论多普勒超声多能动态反映肝硬化患者门脉血流改变是评价肝功能、肝硬化病变程度较敏感指标。     

探讨彩色多普勒超声对肝硬化患者门脉血流改变的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对肝硬化患者门脉血流改变的诊断价值。方法对我院2007年1月～2009年12月住院或门诊收治的74例慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者行彩色多普勒超声检查,分别测定不同Child-Pugh分级的肝硬化患者与正常对照组的门脉血流动力学参数,包括门静脉主干(PV)、脾静脉(SV)平均血流速度(cm/s)和血流量Q(mL/min)。结果不同Child-Pugh分级的肝硬化患者与正常对照组的肝内门静脉彩色多普勒(CDFI)表现:正常对照组及A级全部显示为红色的向肝血流;B级、C级出现离肝血流,即门脉内出现红色向肝、蓝色离肝的方向相反的血流;且不同Child-Pugh肝功能分级的患者血管内径(PV、SV)与正常对照组比较明显增宽(P0.01),平均血流速度与正常对照组比较明显减慢(P0.01),血流量与正常对照组比较明显增加(P0.01)。结论采用彩色多普勒超声观察肝硬化患者门脉血流动力学改变有助于判断病情的进展情况,从而进一步指导临床治疗,具有重要的诊断价值。     

肝硬化患者门静脉脾静脉血流动力学多普勒检测及其临床意义

目的探讨肝硬化患者门静脉及脾静脉血流动力学的改变及其与临床诊断的关系。方法50例肝硬化患者及50例非肝病者于空腹静息状态下彩色多普勒超声探查门静脉系统。结果肝硬化组的门静脉内径明显增宽，血流速度明显下降，血流量参数增大；脾静脉内径明显增宽，血流速度稍增快，血流量参数明显增大；QsV／QPV明显高于非肝病组。结论检测门静脉血流动力学对诊断肝硬化有重要临床意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎和乙肝肝硬化门静脉系统的血流动力学变化

目的 探讨不同肝功能状态下,门静脉系统血流动力学变化与肝脏储备功能的关系.方法 选择32例慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者、94例乙肝肝硬化患者(根据Child-Pugh分级分为三组:其中A级36例,B级34例,C级24例)和30例健康成年人,采用彩色多普勒血流成像技术,检测门脉系统血流动力学变化情况并进行比较分析.结果 随着肝功能损害程度的不断加重,门静脉内径、脾静脉内径逐步增宽,门静脉血流速度逐步下降,门静脉血流量和脾静脉血流量逐渐增加.结论 门静脉内径、脾静脉内径、门静脉血流量、脾静脉血流量及门静脉血流速度是临床检测肝功能损害程度和门脉高压症的有效指标.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.