闵行区40～74岁无糖尿病史人群代谢综合征患病特征及影响因素

目的旨在了解闵行区40～74岁无糖尿病史人群代谢综合征（MS）患病特征及影响因素。方法利用闵行区2007年糖尿病筛查资料,以整群抽样的方法抽取闵行区2个街道,共3 947位40～74岁居民,全部进行75g无水葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）等测定和问卷调查。结果调查对象MS的标化患病率为8.52%,超重或肥胖、糖尿病、糖调节异常、高血压、高TG、低HDL-C标化患病率分别为15.67%、2.45%、5.60%、17.72%、16.47%、2.00%。男性的MS、超重或肥胖、糖尿病和高血压患病率高于女性。MS患病率随着年龄的增长而上升,50岁以上年龄段上升明显,45岁以上年龄段MS的患病率显示性别之间无显著差异。BMI、血压、血糖、TG与HDL-C异常人群的MS患病率明显高于正常人群,有BMI、血压、血糖、TG、HDL-C异常因素人群患MS的风险分别是正常人群的15.71、28.21、10.09、30.31、3.14倍,而MS人群的糖尿病、冠心病和脑卒中的患病率明显高于非MS人群,MS人群患糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中的风险是非MS人群的10.09、9.94、2.40倍。MS相关影响因素多因素分析显示男性、高龄、有糖尿病家族史、无体力活动是MS的危险因素。结论MS和相关疾病严重威胁着闵行区40岁以上人群的健康。     

8116例健康体检人群体质指数与相关疾病分析

目的：探讨8116例健康体检人群不同体质指数与相关疾病的流行情况。方法：选取2011-2012年我院体检的健康人群8116例,分析体质指数正常、超重、肥胖与血压、血脂、血糖及相关慢性病患病率的关系。结果：超重、肥胖人群的血压、血脂、血糖值高于体质指数正常人群;超重、肥胖人群患高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、脂肪肝、心脑血管疾病等慢性病的比例高于体质指数正常人群。结论：体质指数与慢性病关系密切,对超重、肥胖人群体质指数的管理,合理控制体重,改变不良生活方式,控制慢性病发生,是三级预防的关键。     

高校教职工慢性病现患研究及干预措施探讨

[目的]了解高校教职工慢性病患病情况及影响因素,为采取干预措施提供科学依据. [方法]对该高校的教职工进行健康体检,并对结果进行统计分析. [结果]超重及肥胖患病率38.68%,高脂血症患病率37.98%,脂肪肝患病率17.54%,高血压患病率14.99%,糖尿病患病率4.31%,均随年龄增长而有增高趋势,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05-0.01).超重及肥胖人群高脂血症、脂肪肝、高血压、糖尿病的患病率均高于体质量正常人群.差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).教师人群高血压的患病率高于普通人群,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而普通人群在超重及肥胖、高脂血症、脂肪肝患病率高于教师人群,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). [结论]高校教职工慢性病患病率较高,应采取多种干预措施,有效控制和降低慢性病的患病率. 17.54%,高血压患病率14.99%,糖尿病患病率4.31%,均随年龄增长而有增高趋势,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01).超重及肥胖人群高脂血症、脂肪肝、高血压、糖尿病的患病率均高于体质量正常人群.差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).教师人群高血压的患病率高于普通人群, 异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而普通人群在超重及肥胖、高脂血症、脂肪肝患病率高于教师人群,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). [结论]高校教职工慢性病患病率较高,应采取多种干预措施,有效控制和降低慢性病的患病率. 17.54%,高血压患病率     

2013年北京市昌平区厨师慢性病及其危险因素情况调查

目的 了解厨师从业人群慢性病患病情况,为制定这一人群的慢性病干预措施提供依据。方法 采用问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。结果 采用随机抽样的方法共调查北京市昌平区厨师758人(男性579人,女性184人),其中糖尿病患病率为4.09%,高血压患病率为18.1%,超重率为36.15%,肥胖率为20.71%,血脂异常患病率为50.3%。不同性别糖尿病、高血压患病率差异无统计学意义,不同性别超重肥胖、血脂异常患病差异有统计学意义(χ2超重肥胖=9.252,P<0.05;χ2血脂异常=7.224,P<0.01),不同年龄、性别超重、肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2男=53.79,P<0.01;χ2女=25.59,P<0.01)。结论 厨师这一职业人群,超重、肥胖率、慢性病患病率和血脂普遍偏高。     

北京市某社区居民高血压与超重等危险因素关系探讨

目的了解北京市石景山区社区居民高血压等慢性病患病率及其危险因素。方法用整群随机抽样方法抽取某社区≥15岁的1407人,进行问卷调查并测量血压、身高、体重及空腹血糖等。结果高血压患病率为30.7%,男31.63%,女29.86%;其中≥35岁占35.4%,≥60岁为42.1%,且有随年龄增长而上升的趋势,不同年龄组高血压患病率差异有统计学意义。糖尿病患病率10.95%,男11.10%,女10.81%,不同年龄组糖尿病患病率随着年龄的增长而增高。≥18岁人群体质指数(BMI)≥24的占31.3%,BMI≥28的为15.7%,男性多于女性。超重、肥胖和血糖增高是高血压患病的危险因素。结论该社区居民高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率和体重超重率等较明显高于国内调查数据水平,且高血压基本知识水平偏低。     

湖北省恩施土家族自治州中老年人群超重及肥胖的流行病学调查

目的了解湖北省恩施州土家族中老年人超重和肥胖的流行状况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，抽取恩施州7县（市）、区1205名年龄≥35岁的居民进行面访。结果超重与肥胖的年龄标化患病率分别为33．1％和8．7％，超重及肥胖调整现患率男性为34．7％和10．2％，女性为32．6％和7．2％。男女超重肥胖现患率在各年龄组间差异有统计学意义，随年龄增高而上升。男性超重和肥胖现患率随着文化程度的增高明显增加，女性则呈相反趋势。男性公务员超重率最高，女性公务员超重率最低，男女皆以农民的肥胖率最低。在超重肥胖人群中，一些主要的慢性非传染性疾病的患病率明显高于非超重肥胖人群。结论恩施州超重及肥胖现患率呈现性别、年龄、职业、文化及经济收入间的差异。超重肥胖人群是慢性病防治的重点干预人群。     

通辽市社区居民体质指数与慢性病关系调查

目的 为了解通辽市社区居民体质指数在不同人群的分布以及与慢性病的关系,为进一步制定干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采取随机整群抽样的方法,抽取两个社区＞30岁常住居民3 470人进行调查.结果 通辽市社区居民中超重率、肥胖率、中心肥胖率男性均高于女性.其中超重率(43.29％)、肥胖率(16.14％)、中心肥胖率58.62％;高血压在超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖人群中患病率显著增高;糖尿病在超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖人群中患病率显著增高.且随着体质指数(BMI)的增加,糖尿病的患病率明显增加.冠心病在超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖人群中患病率高.结论 超重、肥胖是导致各种慢性病发生的主要因素,与有关报道一致.     

德州市城镇职工高血压流行特征及影响因素研究

目的 了解德州市城镇职工高血压患病情况,探讨高血压的影响因素及与慢性病的关系.方法 利用德州市城镇职工体检的资料,进行高血压的横断面研究.计算高血压患病率并采用x2检验和Logistic回归模型分析不同人群高血压患病率的差异及不同因素与高血压患病的相关性.结果 德州市城镇职工高血压患病率为23％,男性的高血压患病率高于女性.从年龄分布看,随年龄增加高血压患病率呈上升趋势.不同单位性质人员的高血压患病率差异有统计学意义.Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒、工作压力、血糖、血脂、胆固醇均与高血压状态相关.高血压患者的脑血管病、冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症、脂肪肝患病率明显高于非高血压人群.结论 不同人群的高血压分布具有差异,危险因素非常复杂.血压较高人群患各种慢性病的几率比较高.     

湖北省中老年人群超重与肥胖横断面调查

目的了解湖北省中老年人群超重和肥胖流行现状与影响因素,为进一步开展超重与肥胖人群防治和采取有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,横断面调查湖北省10个县市35岁以上人群超重与肥胖病的流行情况及生活习惯等。结果湖北省35岁以上人群超重与肥胖标化患病率为4.4%,男性和女性分别为30.2%和29.6%,农村、城镇、城市分别为26.7%、29.7%和31.9%;超重肥胖率在女性、城市人群中为高;超重肥胖率随饮食消费增高而上升;超重肥胖组相关慢性病患病率除糖尿病外均高于非超重肥胖组。结论湖北省中老年超重肥胖现状不容乐观,超重肥胖现患率与性别、年龄、区域和饮食消费等因素相关。     

龙里县18岁及以上人群主要慢性病的流行特征分析

目的了解龙里县汉族、布依族居民健康状况及主要慢性病的流行特征,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法选取龙里县参加居民营养与健康状况调查资料数据,分析18岁及以上不同民族、男女之间肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病病患情况。结果龙里县汉布两族18岁以上人群肥胖患病率为3.92%,汉族、布依族分别为4.71%、3.24%,两民族之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),女性各年龄组肥胖率均高于男性(P0.05);高血压患病率为9.06%,汉族、布依族分别为8.66%、9.40%,两民族之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),无论男女性别、不同民族高血压的患病率均随年龄的增长明显上升;血脂异常患病率为14.87%,汉族、布依族分别为15.20%、14.59%,不同民族、男女性别之间血脂异常的患病率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);糖尿病患病率为0.92%,汉族、布依族分别为0.98%、0.86%,两民族之间无差异。结论龙里县汉族与布依族18岁以上人群之间肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病患病率均无差异,结果与2002年全国居民营养与健康状况调查四类农村慢性病(高血压12.6%、肥胖3.3%、糖尿病0.84%、血脂异常17.25%)水平相比,肥胖与糖尿病患病率略高于全国四类农村水平,高血压与血脂异常接近全国四类农村水平,且汉族与布依族慢性病随年龄的增长明显上升,提示年龄是慢性病的重要危险困素,应及早采取干预措施。     

Association of Objectively Measured Physical Activity with Physical Function in Patients with Sarcopenia during Hospitalized Rehabilitation

This study aimed to investigate the association between objectively measured physical activity and functional improvement in hospitalized patients with sarcopenia. In this retrospective cohort study, physical activity (light-intensity physical activity [LIPA]; moderate-to-physical activity [MVPA]) was measured using a triaxial accelerometer in patients with sarcopenia undergoing rehabilitation on hospital admission. The primary outcome was physical function measured with the SPPB and activity of daily living (ADL) measured with the functional independence measure scores for motor function (FIM-M) at hospital discharge. Multiple regression analysis was per-formed to investigate the relationship between the objectively measured physical activity and functional outcomes. A total of 182 patients with sarcopenia (aged 81; interquartile range (IQR) 13 years) were included in this study. In the multiple regression analysis, LIPA was associated with the SPPB score at discharge (β = 0.180, p = 0.015) but not with FIM-M at discharge. MVPA was not associated with SPPB or FIM-M scores at discharge. In conclusion, LIPA on admission is independently associated with physical function, but not ADL, in patients with sarcopenia undergoing hospitalized rehabilitation.     

Sexual Experiences of People with Physical Disabilities in Vietnam

Sexuality and Disability - This paper discusses the sexual experiences of people with physical disabilities in Vietnam. The research on which this paper is based adopted a qualitative research with...     

多指标判别分析对中小学校体育课运动负荷评价的研究

通过对成都市64名中小学生体育课大、中、小运动负荷的实验研究，采用逐步判别分析方法筛选出9项指标，建立Fisher判别函数模型评价体育课运动负荷的等级。结果显示：其回代正确率为93．16％，它在反映运动负荷的全面性和指标优化方面较目前常用方法优越。为中小学生体育锻炼运动负荷卫生标准的制订提供了可靠的依据。     

Physical Activity Related Information Sources Predict Physical Activity Behaviors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Physical activity (PA) is a key management strategy for type 2 diabetes. Despite the known benefits, PA levels are low. Whether the low level of PA is related to lack of knowledge or support is not fully understood. This study was conducted to describe where and how often adults with type 2 diabetes receive and seek information related to PA and examine the relationships between the source and quality of PA information with PA behaviors. A series of questions related to the source and quality of PA information were added to a baseline survey distributed to the participants (N = 244) of the Canadian Aerobic and Resistance Training in Diabetes (CARED) study. Physicians and television were found to be the main sources of PA-related information. In our cross-sectional model, sources of PA-related information other than that from health care professionals explained 14% (p = .05) and 16% (p < .05) of the variance for aerobic-based and resistance training behaviors and 22% (p < .01) and 15% (p < .05) for these behaviors in our longitudinal model. Physical activity (PA)-related information is widely available to adults with type 2 diabetes. Neither the quantity nor the quality of the PA information provided by health care professionals predicted PA behavior. These data provide further insight into the modes with which PA can be promoted to adults with type 2 diabetes.     

Awareness of Health Outcomes Associated with Insufficient Physical Activity and Associations with Physical Activity Intentions and Behavior

Introduction: Little is known about people’s awareness of the link between insufficient physical activity and increased risk for multiple health outcomes.

Methods: Of 1161 respondents to an online cross-sectional survey of the US population, we randomly selected 361 and used content analysis to code up to three responses to an open-ended question asking what illnesses are caused by insufficient physical activity. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests examined relations between disease codes and socio-demographics; t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests examined relations between codes and physical activity intentions and behavior.

Results: Ten codes emerged: cardiovascular (63.5% of participants), metabolic (65.8%), musculoskeletal (10.5%), fatigue (2.0%), psychiatric (8.0%), respiratory (3.4%), gastrointestinal (0.9%), cancer (3.4%), other (2.8%), unexpected interpretation (1.4%). 55.6% of participants named < 3 diseases. Code frequencies were generally similar across demographic groups, ps > .05. Physical activity intentions and behavior were higher among people who either mentioned cardiovascular (p_intentions = .001, p_behavior = .001) or metabolic (p_intentions = .01, p_behavior = .005) conditions, or who named < 3 diseases (p_intentions = .006, p_behavior = .001).

Conclusion: In our socio-demographically diverse sample, awareness of diseases that are associated with insufficient physical activity was largely related to cardiovascular and metabolic problems. Future health communication efforts should raise awareness of the harms of insufficient physical activity for cancer and other diseases.     

Dating Behaviors of Women with Physical Disabilities

According to societal stereotypes, women with physical disabilities are asexual and therefore do not date. Another stereotype, and a fear of many women with disabilities, is that no one will want to date them because they have a disability. Consequently, little is known about their dating behaviors. Qualitative research methods were used to code and analyze 31 in-depth interviews of women with a variety of disabling conditions. Themes emerging from their stories indicated that the timing of onset of disability, and the response to disability of family, friends, and society in general, were critical in establishing patterns of dating behavior for women with physical disabilities.     

合肥市巨大胎儿出生早期体格发育水平评价

目的 初步探讨巨大胎儿早期体格生长发育的状况和特点.方法 于2008年8-11月调查安徽省合肥市2～4岁巨大胎儿211名,并选择正常出生体重儿童为对照1:1匹配,测量儿童身长/身高、体重等体格生长指标.结果 巨大胎儿2～4岁儿童在身高/身长、体重等体格发育水平均高于正常出生体重儿,且评价的等级也较高,其中年龄别身长/高、年龄别体重、身长/高别体重评价为上等的分别为23.2%、18.0%和10.4%明显高于对照组的9.0%、8.1%和5.7%,差异均具有统计学意义;并且巨大胎儿男童较女童在体格生长指标上与正常对照组的差别更明显.结论 巨大胎儿2～4岁体格发育水平总体高于正常出生体重儿童,但存在肥胖倾向.