CYP2D6基因多态性及其临床意义

CYP2D6是CYP酶系中重要的一种氧化代谢酶,参与多种药物的代谢.CYP2D6具有基因多态性,使药物代谢在不同种族之间,甚至在同种族不同人群中产生较大的差异,从而影响药物的疗效.因此,深入了解CYP2D6基因的多态性以及对药物代谢的影响,对指导临床合理用药和调整用药方案具有重大意义.     

CYP2 D6的基因多态性与药物临床应用

CYP2D6是CYP酶系中重要的一种氧化代谢酶,参与多种药物的代谢。 CYP2D6具有基因多态性,这是构成药物代谢个体差异和种族差异的基础,它主要参与心血管类、抗精神病类、镇痛药、以及一些抗癌药物等的代谢。研究 CYP2D6基因多态性与药物代谢个体差异的相关性,有助于减轻药物不良反应,提高治疗效果,实施个体化给药。     

CYP2D6基因多态性及对药物代谢的影响

CYP2D6代谢酶是细胞色素P450家族中的成员之一,是参与Ⅰ相代谢和众多内源性物质和不同药物消除的酶。虽然它在肝脏中的含量大约只占肝脏总量的2%,但在临床上却参与了25%以上的常用药物的代谢活动。在所有参与药物代谢的细胞色素P450基因家族中,CYP2D6是唯一不能被诱导的酶,这种酶具有广泛的多态性,这种多态性对酶的药物代谢功能具有重要影响,CYP2D6的这种多态性和药物代谢功能所表现的对个体活性的差异,在遗传药理学上具有重要意义。本文从CYP2D6基因多态性和它对药物代谢的影响这两方面进行了阐述。     

CYP2D6遗传多态性对临床个体化给药的影响

本文总结了经CYP2D6代谢的临床常用药物,并对此类药物实现临床个体化给药的方法进行了探讨。同时介绍了CYP2D6的各种表型及其在不同种族之间的分布情况,以及该分布对制定临床给药方案的影响。     

基因多态性对他莫昔芬治疗乳腺癌的影响与个体化用药进展

他莫昔芬(Tamoxifen)为人工合成的非胆固醇类抗雌激素药物,被广泛用于临床的雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)阳性乳腺癌患者防治,有显著的个体差异。他莫昔芬经肝药酶CYP2D6、CYP3A4/5和SULT1A1等调节,这些基因的多态性现象是,导致临床治疗个体化差异的重要原因。该文就近年来药物基因多态性对他莫昔芬在乳腺癌治疗的作用与个体化用药进展情况综述。     

CYP1A2、CYP2D6和CYP2C19基因多态性与氯氮平及其代谢物血药浓度的相关性研究

目的：研究CYP1A2、CYP2D6和CYP2C19基因多态性与精神分裂症患者氯氮平（clozapine,CLZ）及其活性代谢物去甲氯氮平（N-desmethy clozapine,N-CLZ）血药浓度的相关性。方法：纳入156例经CLZ单药治疗1个月以上的精神分裂症患者,采集清晨服药前空腹血,采用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）法测定CLZ及N-CLZ稳态谷浓度。通过Axiom基因芯片分析技术检测CYP1A2（*1C、*1F）、CYP2D6（*2、*10）、CYP2C19（*2、*3）等6个SNP位点的基因型,比较不同基因型患者CLZ及其代谢物的浓度剂量比（C/D）及代谢物与CLZ血药浓度比值（C_N-CLZ/C_CLZ）的差异。结果：CYP2D6*10基因多态性与N-CLZ C/D具有相关性（P<0.01）。CYP1A2*1C、CYP2D6（*2、*10）基因多态性与C_N-CLZ/C_CLZ具有相关性（P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01）。CYP1A2*1F、CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因多态性与C/D及C_N-CLZ/C_CLZ无相关性（P>0.05）。结论：CYP1A2*1C和CYP2D6（*2、*10）基因多态性对CLZ代谢存在影响,建议临床在使用CLZ治疗前检测患者CYP1A2*1C和CYP2D6（*2、*10）基因型,为CLZ个体化治疗提供参考。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对药物代谢的影响及其个体化用药

CYP2C19是一种重要的药物代谢酶,参与多种药物的体内代谢。该酶的活性在不同个体和种族之间存在着显著的差异。本文综述了CYP2C19酶的基因多态性对药物代谢的影响,以期为指导临床合理用药打下坚实的理论基础,确保临床用药的安全性和有效性,真正的实现个体化用药。     

研析奥氮平治疗老年晚期癌症患者抑郁状态的血药浓度与临床疗效关系

目的：研析奥氮平治疗老年晚期癌症患者抑郁状态的血药浓度与临床疗效的关系,促进合理用药。方法：80例这类患者服用2.5 ~ 10 mg·d-1奥氮平,应用全自动二维液相色谱法（2D-LC/UV）检测患者用药后4周内每周奥氮平血药浓度（C奥氮平）;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-24）于治疗前、治疗后4周内每周评估疗效,应用线性回归方程分析奥氮平剂量与血药浓度相关性,运用Logistic回归和受试者工作曲线（ROC）分析奥氮平血药浓度与临床疗效相关性;采用副反应量表（TESS）评估药物不良反应。结果：奥氮平日剂量（D日）和C奥氮平线性方程呈正相关（r=0.634,P<0.001）。治疗的第1、2、3、4周末,有效组与无效组患者D日、C奥氮平、HAMD-24量表减分率存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。经Logistic回归分析得出年龄大、奥氮平血药浓度低是导致奥氮平治疗效果不理想的影响因素。以C奥氮平作为疗效预测因子绘制治疗第1、2、3、4周末ROC曲线,得出约登指数最大时对应的最佳临界值切点分别11.18、13.89、11.55、12.44 ng·mL-1;未发现C奥氮平与TESS量表评分相关（P>0.05）。结论：奥氮平血药浓度与日剂量、临床疗效密切相关,治疗老年晚期癌症患者抑郁状态最低有效血药浓度范围为11~14 ng·mL-1。     

CYP2D6基因多态性及对美托洛尔代谢的影响

CYP2D6是一种重要的P450系氧化代谢酶,主要参与多种重要药物的代谢。CYP2D6基因多态性会引起药物代谢有显著的个体和种族差异。美托洛尔为选择性β1受体阻滞剂,临床应用上存在巨大个体差异,主要在肝脏经多条途径代谢,大约70%的代谢由CYP2D6介导,CPY2D6基因多态性对美托洛尔代谢有较大影响。本文从CYP2D6的基因多态性及它对美托洛尔代谢的影响这两方面作一综述。     

CYP2D6 and GSTM1 genotypes in a Polish population

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of the CYP2D6 and GSTM1 genotypes in a Polish population. Methods: One hundred and forty-five unrelated healthy individuals from the western region of Poland were studied. The CYP2D6 genotype was analysed by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for the CYP2D6 ^* 3 and CYP2D6 ^* 4 alleles. The GSTM1 genotype was also analysed by means of a PCR assay to determine two genotypes: GSTM1-1 (positive) and GSTM1-0 (negative). Results: Fourteen subjects (9.6%) were classified as poor metabolisers. The frequency of CYP2D6 ^* 4 and CYP2D6 ^* 3 was 23.1% and 2.1%, respectively. The frequency of GSTM1 nulled genotype in a Polish population came to 49%. Conclusion: The frequencies of poor metabolisers for CYP2D6 and GSTM1 nulled genotype among a Polish population were similar to those observed in other Caucasian populations. Received: 29 October 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 15 March 1999     

CYP2C19和ABCB1基因检测指导患者氯吡格雷个体化给药

目的利用CYP2C19和ABCB1基因检测结果指导患者氯吡格雷个体化用药。方法选取某院2018年8月~2019年6月30例使用氯吡格雷的患者,采用荧光原位杂交法检测患者氯吡格雷相关基因(CYP2C19*17、CYP2C19*3、CYP2C19*2和ABCB1)的基因型,根据检测结果为患者提供给药建议。另选取1例冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病PCI术后患者,测定氯吡格雷相关基因型,为患者提供个体化给药建议。结果CYP2C19基因检测结果显示,30例患者中1例为超快代谢型,8例为快代谢型,18例为中间代谢型,3例为慢代谢型;ABCB1 CC野生型13例,CT突变杂合型14例,TT突变纯合型3例。1例冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病患者PCI术后规律双联抗血小板治疗仍反复胸闷胸痛,CYP2C19基因检测为CYP2C19*1/*2中间代谢型,无ABCB1突变,药物代谢减慢,建议氯吡格雷更换为替格瑞洛。结论通过基因检测指导患者氯吡格雷个体化给药,促进临床合理用药。     

Association of CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 gene polymorphism with tardive dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenic patients

AIM: To investigate the possible association of the CYP2D6 gene C100T polymorphism and the CYP1A2 gene C163A polymorphism with tardive dyskinesia (TD) in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: The recruited schizophrenic patients were assessed with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), and divided into groups with TD (n=91) and without TD (n=91) according to the AIMS score. Polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: No allele frequencies deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant differences in genotypes frequencies of the CYP2D6 C100T polymorphism were observed between patients with TD and without TD (Chi2=4.078, P>0.05), but patients with TD had a significant excess of the T allele compared with those without TD (Chi2=4.28, P<0.05). Moreover, the frequency of the CYP1A2 C allele in patients with TD was significantly higher than that in those without TD (Chi2=6.38, P<0.05). An association between TD and the CYP2D6 100T and CYP1A2 163C alleles was observed. Additionally, there were no differences in the mean AIMS scores among different genotypes in TD patients as a group or in smokers. The results of logistic regression analysis demonstrated that mean age and duration of illness were risk factors for TD, but not sex, cumulative exposure to neuroleptic drugs in years, CYP2D6 or CYP1A2 genotype. CONCLUSION: The C100T polymorphism of the CYP2D6 gene and the C163A polymorphism of the CYP1A2 gene may be associated with neuroleptic drug-induced tardive dyskinesia in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. However, genetic factors have a weaker association with susceptibility to TD compared with mean age and duration of illness.     

Effects of CYP2D6 genotypes on age-related change of flecainide metabolism: involvement of CYP1A2-mediated metabolism

AIMS

The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of CYP2D6 genotype on age-related change in flecainide metabolism in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. An in vitro study using microsomes was performed to identify other CYPs responsible for age-related change in flecainide metabolism.

METHODS

The study population comprised 111 genotyped patients: CYP2D6-homozygous extensive metabolizers (hom-EMs, n= 34), heterozygous EMs (het-EMs, n= 56), and intermediate and poor metabolizers (IMs/PMs, n= 21). Serum concentrations of flecainide and its metabolites [m-O-dealkylated flecainide (MODF) and m-O-dealkylated lactam of flecainide] were determined by use of a high-performance liquid chromatography. Metabolic ratio (MR) was expressed as serum concentrations of flecainide to its metabolites. In vitro formation of MODF was examined in human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed CYP isoforms.

RESULTS

MR was higher in elderly patients (≥70 years) than in middle-aged patients (<70 years). The increase of MR in elderly patients differed among CYP2D6 genotypes: 1.6-fold in het-EMs [4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 5.7 vs. 2.7, 95% CI 2.3, 3.1, P < 0.05], 1.5-fold in IMs/PMs (6.0, 95% CI 4.5, 7.6 vs. 4.1, 95% CI 2.9, 5.4, P < 0.05), and no change in hom-EMs. The in vitro study using microsomes revealed that both CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 were involved in the formation of MODF. MODF formation in CYP2D6 PM microsomes increased as CYP1A2 activity increased.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that patients with poor CYP2D6-mediated metabolism (het-EMs and IMs/PMs) showed age-related reduction in flecainide metabolism because metabolism was taken over by CYP1A2, whose activity decreases with age.     

CYP2D6基因多态性对阿立哌唑血药浓度及临床疗效的影响

目的:探讨细胞色素P450酶亚型CYP2D6的基因多态性对阿立哌唑血药浓度及临床疗效的影响,以期为抗精神病药物个体化给药提供依据。方法:84例符合诊断标准的精神分裂症患者接受阿立哌唑为期4周的治疗,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)检测84例患者CYP2D6 exonⅠC/T188位点的基因多态性;采用反相高效液相色谱法测定阿立哌唑的谷血药浓度;并在治疗第0、2、4周分别进行阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)评分。结果:在84例患者中,C/C型7例(8.3%),C/T型43例(51.2%),T/T型34例(40.5%)。CYP2D6 exonⅠC/T188位点基因型可影响血药浓度/剂量比,C/C型血药浓度/剂量比最高,C/T型次之,T/T型最低。3种不同的基因型中,第2周末阿立哌唑的疗效差异无统计学意义,而第4周末时阿立哌唑疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CYP2D6 exonⅠC/T188基因多态性可影响阿立哌唑的血药浓度及临床疗效。对于T/T型患者采用阿立哌唑治疗时可以加大起始剂量,若加大起始剂量仍不能达到有效治疗浓度应考虑改用其他治疗方案;C/C型患者应给予相对较小的起始剂量就能达到治疗浓度,减少由于血药浓度过高导致的药物毒性及不良反应。     

中国人CYP3A5和CYP2D6基因多态性与他莫昔芬及其活性代谢物血药浓度的相关性

目的：研究中国汉族人群CYP3A5和CYP2D6基因多态性与乳腺癌患者体内他莫昔芬及其活性代谢物4-羟基他莫昔芬血药浓度的相关性。方法：30例乳腺癌患者,应用PCR方法检测其CYP3A5和CYP2D6基因型,应用LC—MS／MS方法测定患者体内他莫昔芬及其活性代谢物4-羟基他莫昔芬的含量,对试验数据进行统计分析。结果：CYP3A5基因型与乳腺癌患者体内他莫昔芬的浓度差异有统计学意义,比较发现＊1／＊1和＊1／＊3组的他莫昔芬的浓度值明显低于＊3／＊3组（P〈0．01）。CYP2D6基因型与其活性代谢物4-羟基他莫昔芬的浓度差异有统计学意义;＊1／＊1和＊1／＊10两组4-羟基他莫昔芬的浓度值都明显高于＊10／＊10组（P〈0．01）,但＊1／＊1组和＊1／＊10组之间4-羟基他莫昔芬的浓度值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：乳腺癌患者的CYP3A5和CYP2D6基因型影响他莫昔芬的体内代谢,相关基因型的测定可以为他莫昔芬个体化合理用药提供依据。