冀地鳖无机元素和氨基酸的分析

中药土鳖虫为活血散瘀、通经止痛药。中国药典收载土鳖虫正品药材为肇螃科昆虫地鳖E呻“叩ha－gGst。isWalker和田地鳖SteleophagdPlamp（BOlenv）的雌虫干燥体“3。关于土鳖虫的化学成分，报道较多的是地鳖，而真地查除挥发油的成分报道外①，未见其它报道。因此本文对冀地鳖的无机元素和五基酸进行了分析测定。1杜月与仪器1．1材料：冀地鳖购于河北安国药材市场，经烘干粉碎后使用。1．2仪器：日上Z－8000型们振塞曼原子吸收分光光度计，配套石墨炉；自动进样装置和微机处理机；XDY－！型原子荧光光谱仪（测汞）（北京地质仪器厂）；…     

本院科技消息 滇产五种动物药微量元素研究最近通过鉴定

云南中医学院微量元素研究室采用现代分析技术对常用动物中药穿山甲、蛤蚧、鸡内金、土鳖虫、蜈蚣中的Zn等11种元素和18种氨基酸进行了含量测定,提出了这些药中有关微量元素和氨基酸的参考背景值,发现不同产地动物药上述化学成分的分布没有明显差别,这与植物类中药因产地不同微量元素的富集呈显著差异的情况不一样。研究     

仿生酶解法制备抗凝活性土鳖虫工艺研究

目的研究仿生酶解法水解土鳖虫的条件。方法以APTT和PT为指标,单因素考察仿生酶解法制备土鳖虫的工艺条件。结果土鳖虫酶解条件为：土鳖虫先用37℃人工胃液加入4%（酶底比）胃蛋白酶水解4h,再于人工肠液中加入4%胰蛋白酶水解3h。结论仿生酶解法适于提取具有抗凝活性的土鳖虫。     

基于脂质组学的土鳖虫炮制品脂肪油含量

目的 采用脂质组学方法研究干土鳖虫和甘草制土鳖虫两种饮片中的脂肪油含量。方法 以石油醚为提取溶剂,采用连续回流方法提取土鳖虫焙干品和甘草制土鳖虫中的脂肪油,采用脂质组学技术,辅以SIMCA-P 14.0和SPSS 20.0软件,结合主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法分析(OPLS-DA)和Pearson相关性分析对土鳖虫两种不同炮制品中的脂质进行系统分析,并找出其差异成分。结果 在土鳖虫干品中鉴定出85个脂质成分,其中甘油脂(GL)37个,脂肪酸(FA)37个,甘油磷脂(GP)10个,固醇脂(ST)1个。经PCA和OPLS-DA分析,结合VIP值和Pcorr的变量,以P<0.05为阈值,得出两种土鳖虫炮制品差异性脂质成分有68个,其中GL 32个,FA 26个,GP 9个,ST 1个。且多种脂质成分在两个炮制品内的相对含量不尽相同。结论 不同炮制方法对土鳖虫中的脂质成分影响较大,这为不同土鳖虫炮制品的相关研究提供了基础。     

土鳖虫提取液对家兔抗凝血作用的实验研究

目的 观察土鳖虫提取液对家兔抗凝血作用的影响。方法 (1)体内实验给家兔灌胃土鳖虫提取液5d后，测定白陶土部分凝血酶时间(KPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)；(2)体外实验体外测定土鳖虫提取液对家兔血浆KPTT、PT、TT及抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT—Ⅲ)的影响。结果 土鳖虫提取液在家兔体内、外均能使血浆KFTT、PT及TT延长，其作用随土鳖虫提取液浓度的增加而增强，抗凝活性不依赖于AT—Ⅲ。结论 土鳖虫提取液具有明显的抗凝作用，可能是对凝血酶发挥的直接作用。     

动物药的蛋白电泳鉴别(Ⅰ)——土鳖虫

土鳖虫是传统的活血化瘀中药,始载于《神农本草经》,具有破瘀血、续筋骨的功效。药理实验表明:土鳖虫的蛋白质是其活血化瘀作用的有效成分之一[1]。土鳖虫的来源有3种,即1995年版《中华人民共和国药典》收载的鳖蠊科昆虫地鳖(ＥｕｐｏｌｙｐｈａｇａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＷａｌｋｅｒ)或冀地鳖(ＳｔｅｌｅｏｐｈａｇａｐｌａｎｃｙｉＢｏｌ.)以及作为南方地区习惯用药的姬蠊科昆虫赤边水(ＯｐｉｓｔｈｏｐｌａｔｉａｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＢｕｒｍ.俗称金边土鳖)。这3种土鳖虫及同种不同产地的土鳖虫所含蛋白质是否相同?利用蛋白质电泳技术能否…     

土鳖虫对激素诱导骨髓间充质干细胞PPARγ和aP2mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨激素性股骨头缺血坏死的发病机理及土鳖虫防治该病的作用机制. 方法 通过大剂量激素诱导体外培养的骨髓间充质干细胞成脂分化,同时给予土鳖虫含药血清干预.检测干预6天后细胞内成脂标志物PPARymRNA和aP2mRNA的表达. 结果 土鳖虫含药血清可对抗激素诱导下的BMSCs PPARymRNA和aP2mRNA表达的增加. 结论 土鳖虫防治激素性股骨头缺血坏死的机理不仅是改善股骨头的微循环,同时还与其抑制激素诱导下的BMSCs成脂分化有关.     

通心络胶囊的临床应用

通心络胶囊含有人参、全蝎、水蛭、蜈蚣、土鳖虫、蝉蜕、冰片、赤芍。君药人参,使气旺血行,佐以虫类药(水蛭、蜈蚣、全蝎、土鳖虫、蝉蜕)搜络通瘀,配以赤芍活血散瘀,冰片芳香通窍,诸药合用,共奏益气活血、解痉通络、邪去正复之效。人参皂甙增强细胞反应性和脂质去氧化[1]、增强心功能,水蛭提高血浆白蛋白、降血脂,减少纤维蛋白和血小板聚集率,土鳖虫降低红细胞压积率,缩短红细胞电泳时间[2]。诸药合用有保护内皮细胞,增强纤溶活性,降低血黏度,促进侧支循环开放,维护血管通畅等作用。近10年,该药用于治疗脑血管病、冠心病、糖尿病、肾功能不…     

附一：土鳖虫的近代研究

本文对《本草图经》所载之土鳖虫的近代化学研究、药理学研究、临床应用等概况进行了综述。     

不同分子量土鳖虫活性小肽凝胶的透皮特性研究

[目的]研究不同分子量土鳖虫活性小肽凝胶的透皮特性,筛选土鳖虫活性小肽凝胶最佳组分。[方法]采用酶解法和超滤法得到不同分子量段土鳖虫活性小肽(P1:M1KDa,P2:1KDaM3KDa,P3:M3KDa),并采用folin法对3种组分进行含量测定。以肽含量为指标采用改良Franz扩散池法对比3种土鳖虫活性小肽凝胶剂与水溶液的透皮吸收率,并对最佳土鳖虫活性小肽凝胶组分筛选不同部位鼠皮透皮率,不同促渗剂及浓度的促渗效果。[结果]不同分子量土鳖虫活性小肽的肽含量顺序为P2(70.84%)P3(52.08%)P1(40.13%),3种土鳖虫活性小肽凝胶剂透皮吸收率分别为P1:96.16%、P2:81.92%、P3:62.45%,水溶液组分的透皮吸收率为P1:62.92%、P2:52.28%、P3:38.26%,P1凝胶剂的透皮吸收率最佳。P1凝胶剂组分腹部皮肤透皮率为96.19%,大于背部皮肤透皮率54.03%。3种促渗剂对P1凝胶组分的促渗作用为氮酮PEG400油酸,氮酮的促渗效果优于其他促渗剂。不同浓度氮酮促渗剂促渗效果差异不大,1%浓度即可满足实验要求。[结论]土鳖虫3种活性小肽组分中,P1凝胶透皮渗透率更高,优选的P1凝胶组成合理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.