限制性液体复苏对孕兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 应用孕兔非控制性失血性休克模型研究不同液体复苏方案对孕兔失血性休克时肺脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平的影响,探讨不同液体复苏方法对孕兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 30只孕中晚期新西兰大白兔被随机分为5组,建立重度控制性失血性休克模型,假休克组(SS组),休克未处理组(SH组),传统复苏组(NS组)、限制性复苏组(NH组)及高渗高胶限制性复苏组(HHH组)分别于休克30min后接受不同的液体复苏方案.各组均于休克后90 min接受手术止血和输血输液治疗.于实验结束后处死动物取肺脏检测SOD、MDA和MPO水平.结果 失血性休克时缺血再灌注损伤导致肺组织SOD活性降低及MDA、MPO水平增高,其中MDA、MPO水平HHH组、NH组显著低于NS组(P<0.05),HHH组显著低于NH组(P<0.05);SOD活性呈与MDA相反的变化趋势.结论 限制性输液复苏较传统快速输液复苏缓解了组织缺血再灌注后肺损伤,羟乙基淀粉高渗盐可显著抑制肺组织再灌注损伤.     

小剂量高渗高胶液体对失血性休克兔复苏效果的实验观察

目的:研究HOME注射液(高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液,HH40)复苏失血性休克兔对其平均动脉压、电解质和血气影响。方法:新西兰白兔36只随机等分为3组:HH40组、HTS(7.5%高渗氯化钠溶液)组、LRS(林格液)组。采用Wigger’s改良法制作失血性休克模型,休克60min后分别用5mg/kg的HH40、HTS、LRS复苏。于放血前、输液前、输液后10min、60min、180min分别记录平均动脉压(MAP),检测其动脉血的血气分析、电解质值。结果:HH40和HTS可以使休克兔的MAP升高,并维持时间较长;动脉血氧分压(PaO2)有所回升,动脉血pH、血液碱剩余(BE)、标准碳酸氢盐(SB)等指标下降趋势减慢,且给药后血Na+升高不明显。结论:HOME注射液是抢救失血性休克有效的新药。     

小剂量高渗高胶液体对失血性休克兔平均动脉压电解质和血气分析影响的实验观察

目的 研究HOME注射液(高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40溶液,HH40)复苏失血性休克兔对其平均动脉压、电解质和血气影响.方法 新西兰白兔36只随机等分为HH40组、NTS组、LRS组.采用Wiggcr's改良法制作失血性休克模型,休克60min后分别用5mg/kg的HH40、RTS、LRS复苏.于放血前、输液、输液后1 0min、6 0min、180min时分另q记录平均动脉压(MAP)、检测其动脉血的血气分析.电解质值.结果 HH40和HTS可以使休克免的MAP升高,并维持时间较长;动脉血氧分压(PaO2)有所回升,动脉血pH、血液碱剩余(BE),标准碳酸氢盐(SB)等指标下降趋势减慢,且给药后血Na+升高不明显.结论 HOME注射液是抢救失血性休克有效的新药.     

乌司他丁对失血性休克大鼠肺细胞间粘附分子-1的影响及其肺保护作用

目的 探讨乌司他丁(UTI)对失血性休克大鼠肺组织细胞间粘附分子－1（ICAM-1）的影响及其肺保护作用。方法 24只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=8)：对照组（C组）、失血性休克组（H组）、乌司他丁组（U组）。经股动脉放血使平均动脉压（MAP）维持在（5.3±0.7)kPa建立失血性休克模型,H组60 min后开始复苏并回输全部血液和等量的乳酸林格液。U组复苏开始前注入UTI 50 000 U/kg,C组只做股动﹑静脉穿刺不放血。复苏后4h处死动物取肺组织,测定其ICAM-1表达、 髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性、肺湿干重比(W/D)并观察肺组织病理学变化。结果 H组和U组ICAM-1表达、MPO活性以及W/D比与C组相比均明显升高（P<0.05）;U组上述指标较H组明显降低（P<0.05）。光镜下见U组肺泡结构的破坏和炎症细胞聚集程度明显轻于H组。结论 在失血性休克状态下,UTI可减少大鼠肺组织ICAM-1的表达,抑制MPO活性,降低肺含水量,减轻肺组织病理学改变,从而减轻失血性休克大鼠肺组织损伤。     

高渗盐液复苏创伤失血性休克大鼠对细胞间黏附因子-1和肾脏的影响

目的建立创伤失血性休克动物模型,观察高渗盐液及乳酸林格液复苏后对细胞间黏附因子-1(ICAM-1)及肾脏的影响。方法66只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,假休克组(sham组,n=6),乳酸林格液复苏组(LRS组,n=30),高渗盐液复苏组(HSH组,n=30)。复制创伤失血性休克动物模型后,经静脉输入高渗盐液或乳酸林格液,然后腹主动脉取血,酶联免疫吸附法测ICAM-1。取一侧肾脏HE染色,光镜观察组织形态改变。结果HSH组与LRS组中ICAM-1浓度于复苏后2h开始增加,分别为(371±16)ng/ml、(382±22)ng/ml,至12h最高分别为(486±20)ng/ml、(620±31)ng/ml,与sham组(349±10)ng/ml比较,各时间点差异均有显著意义(P<0.05);HSH组各时间点ICAM-1浓度明显低于LRS组(P<0.01)。肾脏HE染色光镜见LRS组肾小管腔内可见丝网状絮状物,肾间质少量瘀血,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性,随时间的延长,病理改变加重,HSH组病变轻于LRS组。结论高渗盐液可降低复苏后血中ICAM-1的浓度,使复苏后肾脏的缺血—再灌注损伤减轻。     

高渗盐水对失血性休克复苏后大鼠再次内毒素打击时肺和血管内皮细胞损伤的影响

目的探讨7．5％高渗盐水复苏对失血性休克复苏后大鼠再次内毒素打击时肺和血管内皮细胞损伤的影响。方法SD清洁级大鼠62只,随机分为NC组（正常对照组）,RS组（乳酸林格液复苏组）,HTS组（7．5％高渗盐水复苏组）三组,NC组18只,其余两组各22只。RS和HTS先采用通过颈动脉插管放血的方法复制大鼠失血性休克的动物模型,然后两组用相应液体进行复苏,复苏成功后30min腹腔注入内毒素,NC组腹腔注入等量生理盐水。分别在注射内毒素和生理盐水后24h,48h随机取各组大鼠8只处死并采集血液和肺组织标本,测定各组大鼠肺组织内细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）mRNA表达量、定量测定肺髓过氧化物酶（MPO）含量、肺组织的湿／干重比（W/D）和循环内皮细胞（CEC）数量。结果HTS组各时间点ICAM—1mRNA表达量、MPO和肺组织W／D均低于RS组,差异有统0．01）。HTS组CEC数量低于RS组,差异有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论采用7．5％高渗盐水复苏可减轻失血性休克复苏后大鼠再次内毒素打击时肺和血管内皮细胞损伤的程度。     

高渗高胶体液体对兔肺挫伤治疗作用的实验研究

目的 研究高渗高胶液体--高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40(HH40)溶液对兔肺挫伤进行治疗的效果及可能的机制分析.方法 新西兰白兔20只随机分为2组:实验(HH40)组和对照组.制作肺挫伤模型,60 min后分别应用HH40注射液和林格氏液进行输液治疗.在6 h后将动物处死,取右肺检测其干湿比,测定肺组织中髓过氧化物酶活性和细胞间粘附分子-1的表达,并观察肺组织病理结构的变化.结果 实验组的干湿比和髓过氧化物酶也明显低于对照组(P<0.01),其肺组织中I细胞间粘附分子-1的表达也明显低于对照组(P<0.01),肺组织病理变化较对照组轻.结论 高渗高胶液体对肺损伤有较好的治疗作用.     

乌司他丁对失血性休克大鼠肺细胞间黏附分子-1的影响及其肺保护作用

目的探讨乌司他丁（UTI）对失血性休克大鼠肺组织细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）的影响及其肺保护作用。方法24只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组（n=8）：对照组（C组）、失血性休克组（H组）、乌司他丁组（U组）。经股动脉放血使平均动脉压（MAP）维持在（5．3&#177;0．7）kPa建立失血性休克模型,H组60min后开始复苏并回输全部血液和等量的乳酸林格液。U组复苏开始前注入UTI50000U／kg,C组只作股动、静脉穿刺不放血。复苏后4h处死动物取肺组织,测定其ICAM—1表达、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性、肺湿干重比（W／D）并观察肺组织病理学变化。结果H组和U组ICAM-1表达、MPO活性以及W／D比与C组相比均明显升高（P〈0．05）;U组上述指标较H组明显降低（P〈0．05）。光镜下见U组肺泡结构的破坏和炎症细胞聚集程度明显轻于H组。结论在失血性休克状态下,UTI可减少大鼠肺组织ICAM-1的表达,抑制MPO活性,降低肺含水量,减轻肺组织病理学改变,从而减轻失血性休克大鼠肺组织损伤。     

己酮可可碱高渗盐溶液对抗休克大鼠肺损伤

目的:通过建立大鼠失血性休克肺损伤模型来研究高渗盐己酮可可碱溶液(HSPTX)、高渗盐溶液(HS)和乳酸钠林格液(RL)对失血性休克大鼠早期肺组织炎症的影响.方法:40只成年SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、RL组、HS组、HSPTX组4组各10只.SD雄性大鼠在失血性休克1 h后即分别用RL、HS、HSPTX行液体复苏治疗.休克期间检测平均动脉压(MAP).休克复苏后24 h处死动物,立即经左心室取1 ml新鲜血用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测血清TNF-α和IL-6水平,取肺组织行HE染色评估肺脏的损伤程度.结果:HS和HSPTX复苏早期MAP上升速率低于用RL复苏,但4 h后血压差别不大.HSPTX组较HS组、RL组大鼠肺组织结构破坏小,炎症反应明显减轻,中性粒细胞浸润数量明显减少.HSPTX组与HS和RL组比较,血清TNF-α和IL-6水平明显降低.结论:HSPTX复苏较HS和RL复苏可以明显减轻失血性休克大鼠早期肺组织炎症反应.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对失血性休克大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤中L-选择素的表达和中性粒细胞浸润的影响

目的:观察高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH)对失血性休克/内毒素二次打击大鼠复苏时是否能抑制L-选择素的表达和减少肠组织中性粒细胞的浸润,从而减轻肠缺血-再灌注损伤.方法:SD大鼠54只,采用失血性休克/内毒素二次打击模型.动物随机分为对照组(C组)、乳酸林格氏液复苏组(RL组)、高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(HSH组).比较中性粒细胞L-选择素的表达及肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;肠标本进行病理学检查.结果:休克复苏后中性粒细胞L-选择素检测,各时相点HSH组明显低于RL组(P＜0.01);肠组织MPO活性测定,HSH组稍高于C组,无统计显著性,但HSH组明显低于RL组(P＜0.01);病理学检查,HSH组肠组织较RL组损伤轻.结论:HSH可以抑制中性粒细胞L-选择素的表达,从而降低肠组织中性粒细胞浸润,减轻肠组织缺血-再灌注损伤.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.