膀胱动脉栓塞治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后难治性出血性膀胱炎的临床分析

目的探讨膀胱动脉栓塞治疗异基因造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后难治性出血性膀胱炎（HC）的临床疗效。方法6例接受异基因HSCT的受者在移植后17—49d发生难治性HC,常规治疗无效后接受膀胱动脉栓塞治疗。栓塞前、后分别留取尿液标本,通过肉眼观察和显微镜检查评定疗效。结果6例难治性HC患者首次接受膀胱动脉栓塞治疗的中位时间为确诊HC后22d（5—72d）,其中5例达到治愈标准,肉眼血尿消失时间为栓塞术后3～41d;1例达到有效标准。其中3例患者接受2次栓塞治疗。6例患者均未出现严重并发症。结论对于出血严重、常规治疗无效的难治性HC,可选择膀胱动脉栓塞治疗。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后严重的出血性膀胱炎多因素分析

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后严重的（≥Ⅱ度）出血性膀胱炎（HC）的危险因素。方法 对1997年4月至2004年12月期间的114例allo-HSCT患者的资料进行回顾性分析。以预处理实施之日为观察起点，至移植后＋180 d随访中止。选择11个临床参数，即：年龄、性别、疾病类型、供者类型、预处理方案、移植时疾病状态、急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）、aGVHD的预防、预处理方案中抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）的应用、中性粒细胞及血小板植活时间做Cox单因素分析。将在单因素分析中P＜0.1作为有统计学意义的因素进行Cox多因素回归分析。移植后180 d内HC累计发生率的计算应用Kaplan-Meier法。结果 （1）114例患者中有29例发生HC，＋180 d内HC的累计发生率为26％，其中Ⅱ级12例，Ⅲ级11例，Ⅳ级6例。（2）单因素分析表明，以下因素与HC的发生密切相关；男性（RR=2.885，P=0.021）、年龄≤25岁（RR=3.265，P=0.002）、Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD（RR=4.039，P=0.002）、非血缘供者（RR=4．347，P=0.000）、加强的GVHD预防方案（RR=2.218，P=0.045）、疾病进展期（RR=2.668，P=0.009）。（3）对上述有统计学意义的因素进行Cox多因素分析，只有男性（RR=2.993，95％CI 1.218～7.358；P=0.017）和非血缘供者（RR=4.478，95％CI 2.049～9.786；P=0.000）为HC的独立危险因素。结论 男性受者和非血缘供者的造血干细胞移植后发生HC的危险性显著增加。     

造血干细胞移植患儿创伤后应激障碍变化及影响因素分析

目的 调查造血干细胞移植患儿创伤后应激障碍状态及影响因素,为实施针对性干预提供参考。方法 选取造血干细胞移植患儿148例,应用创伤后应激障碍症状自评量表在造血干细胞移植前（入层流室前1～2 d,T1）、移植后2～3周（T2）、移植后3个月（T3）进行调查,并分析其影响因素。结果 造血干细胞移植患儿在T1、T2、T3创伤后应激障碍发生率分别为12.8%、69.6%、10.1%。年龄对患儿移植前及移植后3个月创伤后应激障碍产生影响,照顾者与患儿关系对其移植后2~3周产生影响（均P＜0.05）。结论 患儿移植期间创伤后应激障碍水平呈动态变化,在造血干细胞移植过程中,护理人员应重视年长儿以及母亲照顾者患儿的心理护理。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后并发出血性膀胱炎的高危因素和防治措施

目的 评估改良的水化碱化方案对预防和治疗非亲缘异基因造血干细胞移植(URD-HSCT)后出血性膀胱炎(HC)的效果及安全性,探讨URD-HSCT后并发HC的危险因素.方法 151例血液系统恶性疾病患者接受了URD-HSCT,所有患者移植前均接受白消安+环磷酰胺(BuCy2)方案预处理.在使用环磷酰胺(Cy)过程中,所有患者均接受改良的水化碱化输液方案,分别在静脉滴注Cy后0、3、6、9、12 h分5次静脉注射美司钠,总量为Cy总量的120%～160%;于开始使用Cy时至结束后24 h(共计72 h)经中心静脉持续输液,输液量5000 ml·m-2·d-1,匀速输注,每500 ml液体中加入50 g/L碳酸氢钠20 ml,间断应用利尿剂,保持液体出入量平衡;每小时测尿pH值,保持尿pH值＞7.5.结果 URD-HSCT后共有26例患者发生HC,发生率为17.2%(26/151),中位发病时间为40d(8～89 d),无患者发生早发性HC.移植后26例HC患者再次接受改良的水化碱化尿液治疗,部分患者接受膀胱持续冲洗,所有患者均治愈,无患者因HC而死亡.经统计分析表明,以下因素与HC的发病明显相关:男性患者,相关系数(OR)值=3.093,95%可信区间(CI)为1.145～8.353,P＜0.05;急性GVHD,OR值=18.044,95%CI为3.952～82.392,P＜0.01;≥30岁,OR值=6.077,95%CI为1.585～23.299,P＜0.01.结论 改良的水化碱化方案是预防和治疗URD-HSCT后HC的安全有效的措施,尤其是由Cy预处理引起的早发性HC;男性患者、年龄≥30岁以及移植后并发急性GVHD是引起HC的危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the optimal alkalized hydration solution for hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) following unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD-HSCT), and the risk factors and prophylaxis measures about HC.Methods The clinical data of 151 HC patients who underwent URD-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were given busulfan/cyclophosphamide (BuCy)-based conditioning regimen.During Cy therapy, all patients were given the optimal alkalized hydration solution to prevent HC.MESNA was given intravenously after administration of Cy at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 h, and its total dose was administration of Cy to 24 h under the ECG monitoring. Each 500 ml liquid contained 50 g/L sodium bicarbonate 20 ml. Urinary pH value was monitored every one hour (keeping urine pH＞7. 5). Results None of early onset HC occurred. Twenty-six of 151 (17. 2 %) patients developed late onset HC, and the median onset time was 40 (8～89) days after transplantation. During the therapy, no symptoms of the circulatory system, no congestive heart failure and no acid-base electrolyte imbalance occurred. All HC patients after re-hydration, diuretic, and (or) continuous bladder irrigation and other indwelling catheter after treatment, were cured. The statistical analysis showed that the following factors were significantly associated with HC: male (OR = 3. 093, 95 % CI, 1. 145～8.353, P＜0. 05), acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) (OR= 18. 044, 95 % CI, 3. 952～～82. 392, P＜0. 01), and ≥30-yearold (OR = 6. 077, 95 0% CI, 1. 585～23. 299, P＜0. 01). Conclusion The optimal alkalized hydration solution is safe and effective to prevent early onset HC following URD-HSCT in combination with BuCy regimen. Male, aGVHD and ≥30-year-old were the risk factors for HC.     

Second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a treatment for graft failure

We evaluated the results in 20 recent patients treated with a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after graft failure (GF). There were 10 children <18 yr of age. Ten patients had a non-malignant disease, and the other 10 had a malignant disease. In most of the transplantations, fludarabine-based reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) was given. Bone marrow was given to 11 patients, peripheral blood system cell (PBSC) in seven and cord blood to two patients. For the second transplantation (n = 20), a new donor was used in nine cases, while the initial donor was used in 11 transplants. Eight patients (40%) suffered from a second GF. Five of these patients were treated with a third HSCT. The probability of survival was 65% one yr and 60% three yr after the second HSCT. No difference in survival was found between patients transplanted with a new donor (56%) compared to those using the original donor (64%). The three-yr survival was 70% for children compared to 50% for adults (p = ns). Patients with a non-malignant disorder showed a three-yr survival of 90% compared to 20% in patients with a malignant disease (p = 0.005). We concluded that re-transplantation using RIC is a valid option for GF, especially in patients with non-malignant disorders.     

造血干细胞移植患者认知功能状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解造血千细胞移植患者认知功能现状,分析其影响因素,为临床早期识别、早期干预提供参考.方法 采用中文版癌症患者功能评估-认知功能量表、慢性病治疗功能评估-疲乏量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表对152例造血干细胞移植患者进行调查.结果 造血干细胞移植患者认知功能总分为(120.57±21.32)分;回归分析显示,性别、年龄、疲乏是认知功能的主要影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),能解释总变异的37.3％.结论 造血干细胞移植患者认知功能存在受损的风险,性别、年龄和疲乏程度是重要的影响因素,医务人员需关注患者认知状态,根据认知功能损害程度进行针对性干预,以预防及减轻其认知功能障碍.     

自体造血干细胞移植后序贯异基因造血干细胞移植治疗浆母细胞淋巴瘤一例

正浆母细胞淋巴瘤(plasmablastic lymphoma,PBL)是一种罕见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,来源于B细胞,侵袭性高、预后差,具有独特的临床特征。宁波市第一医院血液科采用自体造血干细胞移植(autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,auto-HSCT)后序贯异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic     

Increased availability of family donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a population with increased incidence of consanguinity

Balc? YI, Tavil B, Tan CS, Ozgur TT, Bulum B, Cetin M, Balc? M, Yalc?n S, Tezcan I, Uckan D. Increased availability of family donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a population with increased incidence of consanguinity.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 475–480. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: The study was planned to determine the frequency of parental and non‐sibling family donor transplants in our center and to investigate the rate of familial donor availability at two HLA‐typing laboratories in Turkey. Among 203 patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 151 (74.4%) received stem cells from siblings, 48 (23.6%) from non‐sibling family donors, two (1.0%) from unrelated cord blood, and two (1.0%) autologous transplantation. Of these 48 patients received stem cells from non‐sibling family donors; donors were mothers for 26 (12.8%), fathers for 20 (9.9%), and aunts for two (1.0%). The rate of transplants from parental donors was 22.6% in this patient population with increased frequency of inherited diseases (58.1%). Among these 203 patients, there was consanguinity between parents in 60.6% of the patients. Of 833 subjects applying as donor candidates to HLA‐typing laboratories, 527 (63.3%) had HLA 6/6 identical family donors. Among 527 full‐matched donors, 479 (90.9%) were sibling, 21 (4.0%) were fathers, and 17 (3.2%) were mothers. The remaining 10 (1.9%) were other relatives. The results have shown that the unfavorable factor of consanguinity marriage may increase the availability of family donors for HSCT in particularly developing countries where large donor registries are lacking.     

重型再生障碍性贫血的治疗与造血干细胞移植

重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）是由多种病因导致的重度骨髓造血功能衰竭综合征,临床以严重的贫血、感染、出血为主要特征。SAA发病机制复杂,至今尚未完全明了。SAA起病急,病情重,病情进展快,目前随着对SAA的深入研究以及诊疗水平的提高,对于其治疗策略也发生了改变。从经典的免疫抑制治疗,即主要以抗胸腺细胞球蛋白和环孢素为基础的治疗方案,到血小板生成素受体激动剂的应用及以异基因造血干细胞移植等为基础的联合治疗方案,均不同程度促进SAA患者的造血功能重建,极大改善其生存及预后,成为当下SAA治疗的研究热点。本文结合国内外文献对SAA治疗的新进展进行综述。     

造血干细胞移植幸存者重返工作状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解造血干细胞移植幸存者重返工作状况,分析其重返工作的影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 对126例造血干细胞移植幸存者采用一般资料问卷、慢性病治疗功能评估 疲乏量表、医疗社会支持量表进行调查.结果 126例造血干细胞移植幸存者中50例(39.68％)重返工作岗位;疲乏阳性率50.79％,医疗社会支持得分62....     

异基因造血干细胞移植患儿营养状况的纵向调查

目的了解异基因造血干细胞移植患儿营养状况的变化。方法分别于移植前、移植后30d、60d、100d对89例异基因造血干细胞移植患儿进行身高、体质量、体质指数(BMI)、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、中上臂围(MUAC)、腰围(WC)等人体学测量,同时测量脂肪组织(FM)、体脂百分比(%BF)、去脂组织(FFM)及去脂组织百分比(%FFM)等人体成分,并进行生化指标白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PreALB)测量,比较异基因造血干细胞移植患儿营养状况的改变。结果人体学测量结果显示,在移植后100d内患儿体质量、BMI、TSF均呈现先降后升趋势,在移植后30d降至最低点,然后逐渐上升(P0.05,P0.01),WC在移植后100d内持续升高(P0.01);人体成分测量结果显示,%BF、FM在移植后60d内明显升高(均P0.05),%FFM在移植后60d内显著降低(P0.01);生化测量结果显示,ALB呈先升后降再上升的趋势,PreALB在移植后60d内显著上升(P0.01)。结论在异基因造血干细胞移植后30d内,多数人体学及人体成分测量指标下降;而在移植后60d则存在FFM丢失和FM不断蓄积的现象。不建议将ALB和PreALB作为评价造血干细胞移植患儿营养状况的可靠指标。     

儿童造血干细胞移植后皮肤GVHD评估与预防最佳证据总结

目的 总结儿童造血干细胞移植后皮肤移植物抗宿主病护理最佳证据,为临床护理提供指引。方法 计算机检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、JBI循证卫生保健中心数据库、中国抗癌协会护理专业委员会、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据等数据库,检索时限为2000年1月1日至2023年5月31日。结果 共纳入文献17篇（临床决策3篇,指南7篇,系统评价1篇,专家共识4篇,证据总结2篇）,总结出皮肤评估、皮肤防护、皮肤不良反应的处理、用药指导、随访与筛查5个方面24条最佳证据。结论 总结的儿童造血干细胞移植后皮肤移植物抗宿主病护理最佳证据,可作为指引用于临床护理。     

亲缘单倍体相合外周血造血干细胞移植治疗重症再生障碍性贫血

【摘要】目的探讨改良白消安／环磷酰胺＋抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（Bu／Cy＋ATG）预处理方案在亲缘单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗重症再生障碍性贫血（SAA）临床应用中的有效性和安全性。方法回顾分析河北唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司医院血液肿瘤科自2009年10月至2011年5月间采用亲缘单倍体外周血干细胞移植治疗的3例SAA患者资料。供者均为母亲,1例HLA3／6位点相合,2例HLA4／6位点相合。预处理方案均为改良Bu／Cy＋ATG,具体为白消安0．8m∥kg,每天4次,连用2d;环磷酰胺50mg·kg-1·d-1,连用4d;抗胸腺细胞球蛋白2．5mg·kg-1·d-1,连用4d。环孢素＋短程甲氨蝶呤＋吗替麦考酚酯预防排斥反应。结果3例患者均达完全供者植入,2例合并Ⅱ-Ⅲ度急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）,1例患者合并局限型慢性GVHD。3例患者均发生血CMV感染,经抗病毒治疗均得以控制。随访5～25个月,3例患者至今均无病存活。结论初步经验Bu／Cy＋ATG预处理方案经改良用于亲缘单倍体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗SAA安全、有效。     

Partial splenectomy before a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment is delayed in children with hypersplenism, and splenectomy may improve HSC engraftment. However, the use of total splenectomy in children is limited because of concerns for postsplenectomy sepsis. In this study, the authors sought to assess the role of partial splenectomy for children with hypersplenism undergoing HSC transplantation.

Methods

Five children with a variety of conditions and associated hypersplenism underwent partial splenectomy before an HSC transplantation at the authors' institution between 2000 and 2003. Primary outcome measures were rates of neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Secondary outcome measures included perioperative complications, splenic regrowth, graft-versus-host disease, and infection rate. All outcomes were compared with recipients of an HSC transplant from both age-matched nonsplenectomized children (n = 497) and hypersplenic children who underwent total splenectomy (n = 10). Outcomes were compared using Wilcoxon's rank sum test.

Results

The rate of both neutrophil and platelet engraftment was faster in children who underwent either partial or total splenectomy as compared with nonsplenectomized children (mean rates of neutrophil engraftment were 26, 19, and 19 days for the nonsplenectomy, total splenectomy, and partial splenectomy groups, respectively; mean rates of platelet engraftment were 97, 37, and 45 days for the nonsplenectomy, total splenectomy, and partial splenectomy groups, respectively). Graft-versus-host disease rates were similar between the 3 groups. The mean percentage of splenic regrowth after partial splenectomy was 39%. There were no perioperative complications.

Conclusions

Partial splenectomy may be safely performed before HSC transplantation and, similar to total splenectomy, may improve the rate of HSC engraftment. Although this series has a limited number of patients, the use of partial splenectomy appears to be safe and may allow for splenic salvage to minimize the risk of postsplenectomy sepsis.     

The significance of cytomegalovirus viremia at day 100 or more following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

We conducted a single‐center retrospective review of patients who had received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between January 2003 and December 2007, to assess the incidence and risk factors for late CMV infection and evaluate its effects on outcomes. Twenty of 49 HSCT recipients (41%) developed CMV infection at day ≥100 after transplant. Univariable analysis showed that having a matched unrelated donor, having early CMV infection, having a diagnosis of lymphoma, and receipt of antithymocyte globulin were risks for developing late CMV. On multivariable analysis, the occurrence of CMV prior to day 100 and lymphoma conferred a significant risk for late CMV infection. Of the 20 patients with late CMV infection, two patients manifested CMV disease (10%). Despite the relatively low incidence of CMV disease, patients with late CMV infection had a 4.8‐fold increased risk of death compared to patients without late CMV. Identifying patients at increased risk for developing late CMV infection may be important for prompting more intensive monitoring of infection late after HSCT, particularly because this manifestation of CMV is associated with poorer outcomes.     

Retrospective analysis of the efficacy and influencing factors of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma

This study aims to review the clinical efficacy and factors affecting the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The clinical data of 47 patients with MM from the Department of Hematology of Henan Cancer Hospital from September 2010 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. At pre‐transplantation of autologous cells, 25.5% were in complete remission (CR), 14.9% were in very good partial remission (VGPR) and 59.6% were in partial remission (PR). Among these cases, one case had PR after three recurrences. At post‐transplantation, 51% were in CR, including two cases who received double transplantations, 27.7% were in VGPR, and 21.3% were in PR. The median follow‐up time was 27.6 months (4–96 months). The 3‐year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 47.9% and 79.6%, respectively. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that factors that affected OS were international staging system (ISS) stage (P = 0.002), CR and VGPR post‐transplantation (P = 0.002), while factors that affected PFS were ISS stage (P = 0.005), pre‐transplant induction therapy (P = 0.032), and disease risk stratification (P = 0.017). The curative effects for PFS were CR and VGPR pre‐transplantation (P = 0.013) and post‐transplantation (P = 0.011). The Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that ISS stage and CR and VGPR post‐transplantation were independent prognostic factors of OS. At post‐transplantation, CR and VGPR, ISS stage, and pre‐transplant induction therapy were independent prognostic factors for PFS. In conclusion, ASCT can improve the clinical efficacy and survival rate of MM patients. ISS stage, CR and VGPR post‐transplantation are independent prognostic factors of OS and PFS, while pre‐transplant induction therapy is an independent prognostic factor for PFS.     

造血重建对异基因造血干细胞移植患者早期生活质量的影响

目的探讨造血重建对异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT)患者早期生活质量的影响,为针对性干预提供参考。方法将122例患者以出净化病房时血小板是否重建分为造血重建组(88例)和造血延迟组(34例),采用癌症治疗功能评价系统-骨髓移植生命质量测评量表(FACT-BMT)测评患者在入净化病房前、移植后1、3、6个月生活质量。结果 122例患者不同时间点生活质量得分差异有统计学意义,其中移植后1个月得分最低,6个月时得到显著改善(P<0.05,P<0.01);造血重建组前3个时间点生活质量得分显著高于造血延迟组(均P<0.05)。多元回归分析结果显示早期造血重建与否是HSCT患者生活质量的主要影响因素,其次为移植物抗缩主病及性别(均P<0.05)。结论早期造血重建可作为HSCT患者术后生活质量的预测因素,护理人员应特别注重对造血延迟患者的针对性护理,以助HSCT患者在术后早期获得较好的生活质量。