血管紧张素原基因单倍型与原发性高血压的关联研究

目的 研究中国人血管紧张素原（angiotensinogen,AGT)基因多态性及单倍型与原发性高血压的关系。方法 在335例高血压患者与196名血压正常人中采用PCR－限制性酶切片段长度多态性法检测血管紧张素原基因的多态性，同时用最大期望值方法进行两位点连锁不平衡和三位点的单倍型分析。结果 在M235T和A－20C，M235T和A－6G，A－20C和A－6G位点观察到了连锁不平衡（P＜10^-4)。病例－对照检验显示T235等位基因频率在高血压组中高于对照组，但所有单倍型频率分布在高血压组和正常对照组间差异无显著性。结论 受检人群中AGT基因各单倍型与高血压未见关联，但AGT基因T235位点可能是一种重要的高血压风险因子。     

血管紧张素原基因5′端核心启动子区(-6)A-G和(-20)A-C变异与哈萨克族人原发性高血压相关性分析

目的　研究血管紧张素源 (angiotensinogen,AGT)基因核心启动子区域 (- 6 ) A- G和 (- 2 0 )A- C位点变异与哈萨克族人原发性高血压相关关系。方法　采用经典的饱和酚 /氯仿抽提法提取哈萨克族正常人 74名和高血压患者 12 5例白细胞基因组 DNA,通过 PCR、单链构象多态性、限制性片段长度多态性和测序等技术 ,鉴定不同个体 AGT基因核心启动子区域 (- 6 )、(- 2 0 )位等位基因的类型 ,观察在高血压组和正常血压组不同基因型的分布和等位基因频率的差异。结果　 (1)哈萨克族人 AGT基因 - 16 4～ 73区域仅存在 (- 6 ) A- G、(- 2 0 ) A- C两种变异。(2 ) AGT基因 (- 6 )位点 AA、AG、GG基因型的频率在高血压组和正常血压组分别为 0 .39、0 .4 5、0 .16和 0 .4 9、0 .4 9、0 .0 2 ,两组之间差异存在显著性 (χ2 =8.5 6 ,P=0 .0 14 )。A、G等位基因频率分别为 0 .6 2、0 .38和 0 .73、0 .2 7,差异存在显著性 (χ2 =5 .35 ,P=0 .0 2 1)。(3) AGT基因 (- 2 0 )位点 AA、AC、CC基因型频率在高血压组和正常血压组分别为 0 .6 9、0 .2 6、0 .0 5和 0 .6 5、0 .32、0 .0 3,差异无显著性 (χ2 =2 .4 2 ,P=0 .30 ) ;A、C等位基因的频率分别为 0 .82、0 .18和 0 .82、0 .18,差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 ,P=0 .99)。(4) AGT基     

血管紧张素原、血管紧张素Ⅱ一型受体基因多态性与原发性高血压的相关性研究

目的 :探讨血管紧张素原AGT(M2 3 5T)、血管紧张素Ⅱ一型受体AT1 R(A1166C)基因多态性与中国四川籍人群原发性高血压(EH)的关系。方法 :采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)及限制性片段长度多态性分析 (RFLP)方法分析人类白细胞染色体DNA中AGT、AT1 R基因多态性。结果 :12 2例EH病例组与 87例正常对照组AGT等位基因频率T、M分别为 :T :0 .82 8vs 0 .661,M :0 .172vs 0 .3 3 9。AT1 R等位基因频率A、C分别为 :A :0 .968vs 0 .989,C :0 .0 3 2vs 0 .0 11。各基因型频率及等位基因频率符合Hardy Weinberg平衡定律。EH病例组AGT基因T等位基因频率和TT型明显高于对照组(χ2 =11.7,P <0 .0 1和 χ2 =15 .6,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :AGT基因多态性与EH密切相关 ;而AT1 R基因多态性与EH无关。     

血管紧张素原基因多态性与深静脉血栓的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管紧张素原(angiotensinogen,AGT)基因-6G/A、-20A/C、T174M 3种基因型多态在深静脉血栓发病中的意义.方法 应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性方法对103例深静脉血栓患者和250名健康对照者进行AGT-6G/A、-20A/C、T174M基因多态性的检测,并进行基因型及等位基因频率和单倍型分析.结果 -6G/A GA基因型在深静脉血栓组中的分布频率(60.2.%)明显高于对照组(39.6%),经X2检验差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).单倍型分析显示病例组中-20A/-6G/174T单倍型频率高于对照组(P＜0.05).-20A/-6A/174T单倍型频率低于对照组(P＜0.05).-20A/C、T174M基因型在两组的分布频率差异无统计学意义.结论 AGT-6G/A多态性中,GA基因型可能会增加深静脉血栓的发生.-20A/-6G/174T单倍型可能是静脉血栓的危险因素,-20A/-6A/174T单倍型可能是静脉血栓的保护因素.     

血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性与肥厚型心肌病的关系

目的　探讨血管紧张素原 ( angiotensinogen,AGT)基因 M2 35 T变异与肥厚型心肌病( hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)的关系。方法　对 72例 HCM患者与 80名正常对照者进行病例 -对照研究。采用聚合酶链反应与限制性片段长度多态性技术检测 AGT基因 M2 35 T变异。同时通过 M型二维超声心动图分别测量室间隔、左室后壁和心尖部心肌厚度。结果　 ( 1)经 PCR扩增及 Tth111 酶切 ,AGT基因型有 3种形式 :MM、TT与 MT基因型。两组 AGT基因型的分布均符合 Hardy- Weinberg平衡。 ( 2 )AGT基因 M2 35 T基因型在 HCM组与对照组的分布差异有显著性 ( χ2 =6 .0 90 ,P<0 .0 5 )。HCM组 TT基因型与 T2 35等位基因的频率均高于对照组 ( TT基因型 :0 .6 3vs0 .4 5 ,OR=2 .0 37,95 % CI:1.0 6 4～7.899,P<0 .0 5 ;T2 35等位基因 :0 .78vs0 .6 4 ,OR=1.990 ,95 % CI:1.197～ 3.30 8,P<0 .0 1)。 ( 3) HCM组TT基因型患者左室壁最厚处平均厚度明显大于 MM、MT基因型患者 [( 19.1± 4 .8) mm vs( 15 .3± 2 .6 )mm与 ( 16 .2± 5 .1) mm,F=4 .2 6 1,P<0 .0 5 ]。结论　 AGT基因 M2 35 T变异与 HCM的发病显著相关 ,TT基因型或 T2 35等位基因可能是参与 HCM发生及加重心肌肥厚的一个遗传方面的危险因素     

江苏汉族人群XRCC1基因的遗传多态性研究

目的探讨江苏省汉族正常人群中X线修复交叉互补基因1（XRCC1）常见的两个单核苷酸多态（SNPs）C26304T和G27466A的遗传分布特点。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）及限制性片段长度多态（RFLP）方法分析江苏省扬中地区511名健康汉族人的XRCC1基因C26304T和G27466A的基因多态性。结果511名江苏汉族人的XRCC1 C26304T基因型CC、CT、TT的频率分别为45．8％、42．7％和11．5％,等位基因C、T的频率分别为67．1％和32．9％。G27466A基因型GG、GA、AA的频率分别为68．9％、29．0％和2．1％,等位基因G、A的频率分别为83．4％和16．6％。江苏人群的C26304T基因型频率和等位基因频率分布与浙江、台湾人群均无明显差异（P〉0．05）,但与意大利人、美国白人、美国黑人的差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。江苏人群的G27466A基因型频率和等位基因频率分布与浙江人、台湾人、意大利人、美国白人、美国黑人的差异均具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论本研究揭示了江苏汉族人群XRCC1基因C26304T和G27466A的等位基因频率和基因型频率分布特点;证实了C26304T和G27466A位点的等位基因和基因型频率存在种族、地区差异。     

醛固酮合成酶基因-344T/C多态性与山东省汉族人原发性高血压相关性

目的　研究醛固酮合成酶基因 - 344 T/ C多态性是否与山东省汉族人原发性高血压相关。方法　放免法检测山东省 14 7例原发性高血压患者血浆肾素活性 (plasma renin activity,PRA)和醛固酮浓度 (plasma aldosterone concentration,PAC) ,以 PAC/ PRA比值将高血压患者分为低肾素、正常肾素或高肾素组 ;聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性技术检测高血压 (14 7例 )和对照组 (110名 )醛固酮合成酶基因 - 344 T/ C多态性 ,χ2 检验比较各组基因型和等位基因频率。结果　对照组与原发性高血压组之间基因型和等位基因频率差异无显著性 ;对照组与正常或高肾素组之间基因型和等位基因频率差异亦无显著性。低肾素组 C等位基因频率显著高于对照组和正常或高肾素组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　醛固酮合成酶基因 -344 T/ C多态性与山东省汉族人低肾素型原发性高血压存在相关性。     

中国人群系统性红斑狼疮患者OAZ基因多态性研究

目的　研究 OL F1/EBF相关锌指蛋白 (OL F1/EBF associated zinc finger protein,OAZ)基因单核苷酸多态性 (single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与系统性红斑狼疮 (systemic lupus erythematosus,SL E)的关联性。方法　选择经过验证、杂合度较高的 SNP对 2 4 4个 SL E家系进行等位基因分型 ,以Genehunter软件分析单个位点及单倍型传递情况。检测 OAZ基因表达水平 ,比较患者中不同单倍型对基因表达的影响。结果　未发现单个 OAZ SNP位点在 SL E患病子代中优势传递。单倍型分析显示 ,由rs1344 5 31- rs2 0 80 35 3- rs9335 6 4 - rs1345 4 31构成的单倍型 T- A- G- G与疾病连锁性较弱 (P=0 .0 4 ) ,而Rs9335 6 4 - D16 s5 17构成的单倍型 G- 2 71bp、Rs2 0 80 35 3- rs9335 6 4 - D16 s5 17构成的单倍型 A- G- 2 71bp优势传递给患者 (P=0 .0 0 0 0 0 0和 0 .0 0 0 0 0 2 )。 Rs2 0 80 35 3- rs9335 6 4 - D16 s5 17- rs1345 4 31构成的单倍型 A- G-2 71bp- G也优势传递给患者 (P=0 .0 0 84 ) ,且该单倍型与基因表达水平相关。结论　 SL E患者中存在特定的 OAZ基因单倍型 ,OAZ可能提示了狼疮发病的新通路。     

白细胞介素-10 基因启动子多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性的关系

目的　探讨中国汉族人白细胞介素 - 10基因启动子单核苷酸多态性及其与慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性之间的关系。　方法　应用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性分析方法 ,检测 94名健康吸烟者和 88例吸烟慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者白细胞介素 - 10(interleukin- 10 ,IL- 10 )基因启动子 - 10 82 G/ A、- 819C/ T、- 5 92 C/ A单核苷酸多态性位点基因型。　结果共发现 11种启动子基因型 ,以 AA·TT·AA、AA·TC· AC、AA· TC· AA基因型多见 ;通过对 11种启动子基因型进行分析 ,新发现 ATC、ACA两种单倍型 ;健康吸烟者和吸烟 COPD患者 IL- 10基因启动子- 10 82 G/ A、- 5 92 C/ A位点基因型分布频率差异无显著性 ,- 819C/ T多态性位点与中国汉族人 COPD易感性有关 ;中国汉族人 IL- 10基因启动子等位基因频率与日本人相似 ,与白种人之间差异存在显著性。　结论　中国汉族人 COPD易感性与 IL- 10基因启动子 - 819C/ T位点多态性有关 ;中国汉族人 IL- 10基因启动子至少存在 ATA、ACC、GCC、ATC、ACA5种单倍型。     

AGT基因T174M多态性与新疆哈萨克族人高血压相关性分析

目的了解AGT基因T174M多态性在新疆哈萨克族人群中分布特点,以探索影响哈萨克族人AGT基因T174M变异的因素和T174M变异与高血压的关系。方法采用随机入选的方法,选择年龄在30岁以上哈萨克族牧民669人作为研究对象。提取入选人群白细胞基因组DNA,采用PCR、RFLP分子生物技术检测AGT基因第二外显子T174M多态位点等位基因、基因型频率,比较不同分组人群频率的差异。结果研究人群T174M位点等位基因、基因型分布频率分别为0.87、0.13(T,M)和0.76、0.24(TT,TM+MM);AGT基因T174M多态位点等位基因及基因型分布频率在哈萨克族男、女人群组分别为0.86、0.14和0.89、0.11(T,M);0.73、0.27和0.78、0.22(TT,TM+MM),均无统计学差异(P>0.05);分析T174M多态位点等位基因及基因型分布频率随年龄变化的趋势,未发现频率在各年龄段的分布差异(P>0.05);T174M多态位点等位基因、基因型频率在不同血压组人群的分布不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);结论年龄、性别不影响哈萨克族人AGT基因T174M的变异,而AGT基因T174M变异可能与哈萨克族人高血压的发病无关。     

海南汉族人群中α和β纤维蛋白原基因核苷酸多态性及其单倍型与缺血性脑卒中的关联分析

目的研究α纤维蛋白原基因的Taq Ⅰ多态性和β纤维蛋白原基因-455G／A、-249C／T、-148 C／T、＋1689T／G、βBsmA ⅠG／C、448G／A、Be／ⅠG／A、Hinf Ⅰ A／C单核苷酸多态性及其单倍型与缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法用比浊法测定160例海南籍缺血性脑卒中和130名海南籍对照个体的血浆纤维蛋白原浓度，用PCR-限制性片段长度多态法确定基因型。用EH＋程序分析核苷酸多态性的连锁不平衡关系及单倍型，用卡方检验分析病例组和对照组的等位基因频率、基因型频率及单倍型频率的差异。结果-455G／A、-148C／T、448G／A多态性的基因型频率、等位基因频率在病例组和对照组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），其余6个核苷酸多态性的基因型频率、等位基因频率在病例和对照组间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），A^-455、T^-148、A^448携带者患缺血性脑卒中的相对危险度比非携带者分别大2．46倍、2．30倍和2．08倍。连锁不平衡分析未发现所分析的区域内存在单倍型板块。9个位点构建的单倍型在病例组和对照组之间的差异无统计学意义，以4个位点构建的单倍型中，某些单倍型在病例组和对照组之间的差异有统计学意义，对照组中某些携带G^-455、C^148、G^448位点的单倍型的频率高于病例组，而病例组中某些携带A^-455、T^-148、A^448位点的单倍型的频率高于对照组。结论多个位点和单倍型分析的结果提示8纤维白原455G／A、-148C／T、448G／A可能是海南汉族人群中与缺血性脑卒中关联的危险因素。     

Detection of putative functional angiotensinogen (AGT) gene variants controlling plasma AGT levels by combined segregation-linkage analysis

Previous studies have suggested that angiotensinogen (AGT) gene variants are associated with increased plasma AGT levels, and may also contribute towards the inherited component of predisposition to essential hypertension in humans. To explore the potential functionality of several AGT polymorphisms and estimate their effects, together with other sources of familial correlations, on plasma AGT, we undertook a large study involving 545 healthy French volunteers in 130 nuclear families that include 285 offspring. Plasma AGT levels were measured in all participants, and bi-allelic AGT variants were analysed as candidate functional variants at three sites in the 5'-flanking region (C-532T, A-20C, G-6A), two sites in exon 2 (M235T, T174M) and two newly identified variant sites in the untranslated sequence of exon 5 and the 3'-flanking region (C+2054A, C+2127T) of the gene. Analysis with the class D regressive model showed significant effects influencing plasma AGT levels of all AGT polymorphisms tested, with the exception of T174M. The most significant result was found at C-532T (P=0.000001), which accounts for 4.3% of total plasma AGT variability in parents and 5.5% in offspring, with substantial residual familial correlations. Maximum likelihood estimates of haplotype frequencies and tests of linkage disequilibrium between each AGT polymorphism and a putative QTL are in agreement with a complete confounding of C-532T with the QTL, when taking into account sex and generation specific effects of the QTL. However, further combined segregation-linkage analyses showed significant evidence for additional effects of G-6A, M235T and C+2054A polymorphisms after accounting for C-532T, which supports a complex model with at least two functional variants within the AGT gene controlling AGT levels.     

Association of angiotensinogen haplotypes with angiotensinogen levels but not with blood pressure or coronary artery disease: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study

Angiotensinogen and its cleaved forms angiotensin I and angiotensin II are important regulators of blood pressure. The gene for angiotensinogen (AGT) carries two common polymorphisms, T207M and M268T (previously described as T174M and M235T). To investigate the role of haplotypes formed by these polymorphisms for angiotensinogen levels we examined blood pressure, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and AGT genotypes and haplotypes in 2,575 patients with angiographically documented CAD and 731 individuals in whom CAD had been ruled out by angiography. Three haplotypes, designated as Hap1 (T207, M268), Hap2 (T207, T268) and Hap3 (M207, T268), accounted for more than 99% of alleles. The AGT Hap2 haplotype was significantly associated with angiotensinogen levels; one additional Hap2 allele accounted for an approx. 8% increase in angiotensinogen. This association was stronger than that of either single polymorphism. AGT genotypes or haplotypes were not related to hypertension, CAD or MI. We conclude that a common haplotype of the angiotensinogen gene is linked to angiotensinogen levels but has no major impact on blood pressure, hypertension, or cardiovascular risk.     

Angiotensinogen and angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: effect on hypertension and ESRD

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a common genetic disease, is characterized by the development of hypertension and end stage renal disease. An increase in the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, due to a renal ischemia caused by cyst expansion, contributes to the development of hypertension and renal failure in ADPKD. Recently, the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, M235T, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR) gene, A1166C, polymorphisms have been associated with the susceptibility to develop hypertension and renal disease. We hypothesized that the AGT M235T and ATR A1166C polymorphisms could account for some of the variability in the progression of ADPKD. Genotyping was performed in 108 adult patients with ADPKD, and 105 normotensive healthy controls, using PCR and restriction digestion. We analyzed the effects of the AGT M235T and ATR A1166C polymorphisms on hypertension and age at the end stage renal disease (ESRD). Of the 108 patients with ADPKD, 64 (59%) had hypertension and 24 (22%) reached the ESRD. The prevalence of hypertension were; [MM+MT], [TT] genotypes, 60%, 59% (p=1.00); [AA], [AC+CC] genotypes, 60%, 50% respectively (p=0.54). The ages at the onset of ESRD were; [MM+MT], [TT] genotypes, 50 +/- 9 years, 56 +/- 8 years (p=0.07); [AA], [AC+CC] genotypes, 54 +/- 8 years, 52 +/- 14 years, respectively (p=0.07). There were no differences in the prevalence of hypertension and the ages at the ESRD in relation to the AGT M235T and ATR A1166C polymorphisms. We suggest that the AGT and ATR gene polymorphisms would not have an effect on hypertension or the ESRD in ADPKD.     

新疆哈萨克族转化生长因子β1基因多态性及其血浆水平与原发性高血压的关系

目的 研究新疆哈萨克族原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)患者转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)+869T/C、+915G/C基因多态性及血浆水平与EH的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和基因测序对新疆哈萨克族365名EH患者及435名正常对照组进行基因分型,用双抗体夹心法测量TGF-β1血浆浓度.结果 +915G/C位点基因型GG、GC及等位基因G、C频率依次为97.9%、2.1%、98.77%、1.23%,EH组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);+869T/C位点基因型TT、TC、CC及等位基因T、C在对照组中频率依次为25.97%、46.67%、27.36%、49.3%、50.7%,CC基因型及C等位基因频率在EH组中高于对照组(41.60%vs.27.36%、62.2%vs.50.7%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),C等位基因携带者EH患病风险高于T等位基因携带者(OR=1.6O,P=0.00).+869T/C与+915G/C存在连锁不平衡,其形成的单倍型C-G在EH组中频率高于对照组(61.6%vs.49.8%,P＜0.05).+869T/C及+915G/C基因型、等位基因在EH组和对照组中TGF-β1血浆水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 新疆哈萨克族TGFβ1+915G/C基因变异频率很低,且不存在纯合变异,+869位点C等位基因可能是哈萨克族EH的遗传易感基因,+869T/C与+915G/C多态性位点存在连锁不平衡,两者构成的单倍型C-G是EH危险性因素.     

噻嗪类-敏感的钠-氯协同转运蛋白基因多态性与原发性高血压的关系

目的探讨噻嗪类-敏感的钠-氯协同转运蛋白(thiazide-sensitive Na -Cl-cotransporter,TSC)基因1784C/T和2736G/A多态性与中国汉族人群原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)发病风险的关系。方法采用以社区为基础的病例-对照研究,选择190例EH患者和94名血压正常的对照者作为研究对象。用基因芯片方法检测TSC基因1784C/T和2736AG/位点的基因型,比较EH组和对照组基因型和等位基因分布频率的差异。结果在EH组和对照组1784C/T和2736G/A多态位点的基因型(1784C/TCC、CT、TT:87、88、15vs36、52、6;2736G/AGG、AG、AA:167、22、1vs83、10、1)和等位基因频率(1784C/TC、T:68.9%、31.1%vs66.0%、34.0%;2736G/AG、A:93.7%、6.3%vs93.6%、6.4%)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);单倍型分析显示1784C/T和2736G/A多态性构成的各单倍型分布频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),单倍型Logistic回归模型发现携带不同单倍型的人群EH发病风险亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TSC基因1784C/T和2736G/A多态性可能与我国汉族人群EH发病风险不相关,其结果需在今后的研究中进一步证实。     

Associations of angiotensinogen gene mutations with hypertension and myocardial infarction in a gulf population

To date, the human angiotensinogen ( AGT ) gene and some of its variants represent the best examples of genetic influences that are involved in the determination of essential hypertension (EH) and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To assess the value of genotyping AGT in a genetically homogeneous population, we carried out a retrospective, case–control study of variants M235T and T174M for putative correlations with CVDs among nationals from the United Arab Emirates (Emirati) – an ethnic group characterized by no alcohol intake and no cigarette smoking.We investigated a sample population of 229 Emirati (119 males and 110 females), comprising groups of controls and patients with clinical diagnoses of EH, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI). M235T and T174M alleles were determined via assays based on the polymerase chain reaction. T174M showed no correlation with any of the four clinical entities included in this study. T235 alleles, however, occurred more frequently in the EH group and less frequently in the group of MI survivors. We also found that T235 allele frequencies decreased with age, indicating that in the Emirati population, T235 alleles are associated with a reduced life span and that this effect could occur through independent mechanisms underlying genetic susceptibilities to both EH and MI.