创伤性硬脑膜动静脉瘘的血管内治疗

目的 总结创伤性硬脑膜动静脉瘘(TDAVF)病人的临床和介入治疗特点，探讨最佳治疗方案。方法 对4例TDAVF分别采用可脱性球囊技术、电解微弹簧圈(GDC)和PVA颗粒进行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 3例术后l临床症状和体征完全消失，1例好转，无并发症发生。结论 颅脑外伤可引起TDAVF，血管内栓塞是其首选治疗方法，操作简单、安全，疗效好，并发症发生率低。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的栓塞和手术治疗

目的提高硬脊膜动静脉瘘的疗效。方法回顾性分析52例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的流行病学资料、影像学资料、治疗方法和术后随访资料。均有下肢麻木、疼痛、无力、运动障碍等,多伴大小便功能异常。脊髓MRI均有异常发现,脊髓DSA检查确诊。结果手术治疗40例,栓塞治疗12例。随访40例,时间0.5~6年,随访病人术后症状得到不同程度改善,治疗前后比较改良Aminoff-Logue功能评分显著下降。结论硬脊膜动静脉瘘是临床容易延误诊断的脊髓血管病变,确诊主要依靠MRI和DSA检查,手术治疗效果良好,不易复发,介入栓塞治疗创伤小,但复发率高。     

侧窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的血管内介入治疗

目的本文报道我科对连续收治的10例侧窦区(横窦和乙状窦)硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)行超选择性动脉内栓塞的初步经验。方法所有病人先进行脑血管造影,确诊为侧窦区DAVF后立即对供血动脉行超选择性造影术并用NBCA胶或PVA颗粒进行栓塞。结果10位病人进行16次栓塞治疗(有6例行2次),共对23根供血动脉进行了栓塞。其中8例采用NBCA胶,另2例采用PVA颗粒进行栓塞。8例栓塞后获得解剖学和临床治愈,另2例虽获临床治愈,但造影中仍可见少量病灶残留。4例伴有搏动性耳鸣和杂音者在首次栓塞后其症状和体征消失,其中1例搏动性耳鸣在第一次部分栓塞后2个月复发,但在第二次栓塞后消失。无一例病人在栓塞后出现并发症。结论超选择性动脉内栓塞治疗对于某些类型的侧窦区DAVF是一个安全、有效和微侵袭的治疗方法。     

血管内栓塞治疗侧窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘 （附10例报道）

目的 探讨侧窦（横窦-乙状窦）区硬脑膜动静脉瘘（LSDAVF）的血管内栓塞治疗的方法及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2011年7月至2016年6 月血管内栓塞治疗的10例LADAVF的临床资料,经右侧股动脉-颈外动脉-脑膜中动脉Onyx胶栓塞8例,经左侧股静脉-下腔静脉-颈内静脉球囊保护下 Onyx胶栓塞2例。结果 术后即刻造影完全栓塞8例,大部分栓塞2例,未出现并发症。术后随访6个月~2年,8例无加重及复发,2例异位复发。结论 血 管内栓塞治疗LSDAVF是一种相对安全、简单、有效的治疗方法,必要时需配合静脉窦球囊保护下进行;闭塞瘘口同时闭塞部分无功能静脉窦存在短期 内异位复发可能。     

血管内栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(附18例报告)

目的探讨海绵安区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的血管内栓塞治疗策略。方法对18例海绵窦区DAVF病人根据供血动脉和引流静脉的情况，分别采用经动脉或静脉入路进行血管内栓塞治疗。结果共行19次栓塞。完全闭塞11例，部分闭塞7例。随访3个月～5年，治愈病例无复发，好转病例无恶化、结论血管内栓塞是海绵窦区DAVF较为理想的治疗方法。     

Endovascular management of multiple intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas

Background and purposeMultiply occurring intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) have been documented but rarely occur, and neither pathogenesis nor prognosis is clearly understood. This study was conducted to analyze angiographic characteristics of multiple dAVFs and to chronicle our treatment experience.MethodsBetween April, 2002 and January, 2018, data prospectively collected from 310 patients with intracranial dAVFs were systematically reviewed, assessing clinical and anatomic outcomes of endovascular treatment in 32 patients with multiple dAVFs (≥ 2 fistulas each). Lesions were categorized as multifocal or diffuse type, depending on presentation, and further characterized as progressive or non-progressive disease.ResultsOverall, 18 patients (56.3%) experienced aggressive presentations, including intracerebral hemorrhage or venous infarction. Cortical venous reflux (CVR) was observed in 26 patients (81.3%), and sinus thrombosis or occlusion was seen in 24 (75.0%). Clinical outcomes in patients with multifocal fistulas (n = 11) were excellent (100%), marked by a moderately high rate of complete occlusion (54.5%). Those with progressive disease (n = 10) regularly displayed certain angiographic findings, namely diffuse configuration (100%), sinus thrombosis (100%), and CVR (100%). Complete anatomic obliteration was achieved in 12 patients (37.5%), and in 26 patients (81.3%), clinical outcomes were favorable.ConclusionMultiple dAVFs are typically aggressive at presentation, given strong associations with CVR and sinus thrombosis. In diffuse-type fistulas, the potential to recur or progress is high. Although definitive treatment poses a challenge, outcomes of endovascular therapeutics may be still optimized in this setting through strategic procedural modifications and careful follow-up monitoring.     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的显微手术治疗

目的探讨显微手术治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的优势和不同Cognard分型DAVF的手术方法。方法回顾性分析13例DAVF病人的临床资料。Cognard分型:Ⅱa型1例,Ⅱa+Ⅱb型5例,Ⅳ型6例,Ⅴ型1例。1例海绵窦DAVF行丝线填塞术,余病例均行动脉端或静脉端DAVF瘘口切断。2例加行乙状窦结扎及颅内外静脉搭桥术。结果术后死亡1例,恢复良好12例。GOS评分:5分11例,4分1例,1分1例。随访12例,时间7个月~7年。11例复查DSA或MRA,DAVF残留2例,消失9例。结论术前明确DAVF瘘口的部位,采用合理的开颅方法和合适的手术入路,针对不同类型的DAVF采用不同的显微治疗方法,可以达到治愈DAVF的目的。     

Endovascular management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: A review

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare pathological entities presenting with a diverse clinical course, ranging from benign to life-threatening. Digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of clinically suspected DAVFs. This article reviews the ethiopathogenesis, natural history, classification systems, clinical and angiographic features, and the current treatment strategies for these complex lesions. The management of DAVFs may include conservative treatment, endovascular intervention, microsurgery, and stereotactic radiosurgery. A multidisciplinary approach involving a neurosurgeon, interventional neuroradiologist, and neurologist is required before considering any type of treatment modality. The indication for the best therapeutic alternative must be individualized for each patient.     

Surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Increased understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and anatomy of vascular lesions affecting the spinal cord over the past 2 decades has permitted identification of subdivisions based on distinct biological features. The dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most common type of spinal vascular malformation and the most amenable to treatment. Venous congestion, the cause of myelopathy in these lesions, is effectively treated by interruption of the medullary vein as it enters the subarachnoid space between the dural nidus and the coronal venous plexus. Embolization of an untreated dural AVF in an acutely deteriorating patient stabilizes the neurological deficit and provides adequate time for definitive surgical treatment. The outcome after treatment of dural AVFs depends not only on the type and location of the lesion but also on the preoperative neurologic function. Patients who are ambulatory before treatment are usually ambulatory after treatment. Optimal outcome depends on early diagnosis and intervention.     

球囊辅助介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘,分析球囊辅助栓塞的意义和效果.方法 回顾性分析6例球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞的硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者,总结临床表现,血管造影特点,血管内治疗方案及临床疗效.结果 6例患者中4例表现为皮层静脉返流.在球囊辅助下,5例经动脉入路栓塞,1例经静脉入路栓塞.4例患者球囊用于保护颈内动脉,1例用于保护椎动脉,1例用于脑膜中动脉防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.术后血管造影示4例完全栓塞,2例部分栓塞.1例出现栓塞相关的暂时性面神经麻痹.结论 应用球囊辅助Onyx胶介入栓塞治疗颈内颈外动脉共同供血的硬脑膜动静脉瘘,能够有效地保护颅内动脉.在供血动脉中充盈球囊能够有效防止Onyx胶返流并降低瘘口流速.     

Double spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Background

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are usually solitary lesions. Synchronous and/or metachronous double SDAVF have rarely been reported in the literature. We report on three patients with double SDAVF and present our single center experience in the diagnostic and treatment management in these patients.

Onyx胶栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的初步经验

目的 探讨Onyx胶在硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)血管内治疗中的应用价值.方法 全麻下经股动脉穿刺插管,造影证实病变后,微导管超选择插管到达瘘口附近,用Onyx-18栓塞治疗DAVF 10例.其中Cognard Ⅰ、Ⅱ型者6例,Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型者4例;单纯型7例,复合型3例.结果 10例DAVF患者,共行14次栓塞治疗,7例为一次栓塞,2例为二次栓塞,其中1例因DAVF供血动脉复杂,行三次栓塞治疗.最终栓塞达80%以上者8例,其中完全栓塞6例;50%～80%栓寨者2例.本组病例无并发症发牛.结论 Onyx胶栓塞是治疗DAVF较为安全、有效的方法.     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及手术治疗

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及手术治疗。方法 1996年9月～2002年9月收治硬脊膜动静脉瘘病人20例，均行术前MRI、脊髓血管造影证实，手术切断瘘口处硬脊膜动脉与引流静脉的异常交通。结果 12例完全康复，8例症状改善，脊髓功能部分恢复。结论 脊髓MRI是硬脊膜动静脉瘘的无创筛选检查，而脊髓血管造影是确诊的金标准；手术电凝切断瘘口效果肯定，可明显改善症状，防止脊髓损害进一步加重。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的显微手术与血管内栓塞治疗

目的 分析硬脊膜动静脉瘘的治疗效果,探讨其治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析近3年来收治的11例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料、治疗方式及术后转归.结果 11例患者中男10例,女1例.年龄33 ～ 67岁,平均53岁.所有患者均在脊髓血管造影后得到确诊.其中单纯手术治疗9例,栓塞治疗2例;所有患者术后症状得到不同程度的改善,改良Aminoff-Logue功能评分降低.11例随访6-24个月,未见复发症状.结论 显微手术和血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘可以达到良好效果,部分病例采用血管内治疗须栓塞引流静脉近端.     

混合性脑膜－脑动静脉畸形的血管内栓塞治疗

报告１８例大、中型混合性脑膜－脑动静脉畸形的诊断和血管内治疗。本组均经股动脉或同侧颈动脉置入微导管，采用微钨螺旋圈和氰基丙烯酸酯胶（ＮＢＣＡ，ＩＢＣＡ）或聚乙烯醇颗粒等材料栓塞脑内和脑膜的畸形血管。其中７例经两次栓塞后，畸形血管团消除８０％～９５％；随访３个月至３年，临床头痛及癫痫均得到缓解，未再发生蛛网膜下腔出血。本组资料表明，头痛是脑膜－脑动静脉畸形的重要症状之一；微钨螺旋圈与ＮＢＣＡ或１ＢＣＡ混合栓塞脑内畸形血管团有助于提高栓塞效果；分期栓塞和控制术中与术后的体循环血压可预防或减少栓塞并发症。     

Microsurgical interruption of dural arteriovenous fistula at the foramen magnum.

We report two rare cases of progressive congestive myelopathy caused by dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) at the foramen magnum. The first, a 69-year-old male with a 2-year history of progressive myelopathy, had symptoms unrecognized due to a past history that included spinal caries and congenital dislocation of the hip. The second, a 60-year-old male, had a recurrence of the myelopathy three months after endovascular occlusion of the DAVF feeding artery. Both patients were successfully treated by direct microsurgical interruption of the arterialized medullary vein with functional and radiological improvement. The clinical manifestations of DAVF at the foramen magnum are nonspecific, mimicking those of cervical spondylotic myelopathy or cervical neoplasm. Accurate and early diagnosis followed by complete obliteration of the fistula is mandatory to avoid permanent neurological deficit.     

血管内治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘（CS-DAVF）的血管内栓塞治疗的技巧及疗效。方法采用血管内栓塞治疗经DSA确诊的CS-DAVF患者34例,其中17例经动脉入路,15例静脉入路,2例经动、静脉联合入路;采用Onyx栓塞17例,弹簧圈栓塞6例,Onyx联合弹簧圈栓塞7例,1例采用Gluebran栓塞。结果 17例经动脉入路栓塞患者中,Class分级1级栓塞10例,2级栓塞6例,3级栓塞1例;15例经静脉脉入路栓塞患者中,1级栓塞10例,2级栓塞2例,3例栓塞失败;2例经动静脉联合入路栓塞患者中,1级栓塞1例,2级栓塞1例。31例成功栓塞的患者术后2例出现动眼神经麻痹,2例Onyx误栓同侧大脑中动脉。18例经DSA随访3~36个月,14例1级栓塞的患者未见复发;4例2级栓塞者2例瘘口完全闭塞,2例仍见瘘口。结论血管内栓塞是治疗CS-DAVF首选方法,依据供血动脉、瘘口特点及引流静脉选择不同途径进行个体化治疗,可以取得满意疗效。