胃癌132例核素骨显像结果分析

目的 探讨胃癌患者骨显像结果与不同临床分期和病理类型的关系,以及胃癌骨转移的特点和规律。方法 回顾性分析132例胃癌患者骨显像结果,从病理、临床分期、骨转移灶数目和分布部位进行讨论和分析。结果 132例患者中骨转移21例,占15.9%,其中多发性骨转移19例,占转移患者90.5%;低分化腺癌及未分化癌、黏液腺癌骨转移率分别为15.2%和20%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌骨转移率18.4%和26.6%;骨转移的部位以椎体最常见,其次是肋骨、骨盆。结论 胃癌较少转移至骨,一旦发生骨转移,一般转移病灶范围较广泛,已属肿瘤晚期。对分期晚、分化差胃癌患者应定期进行骨核素显像,以早期发现骨转移。     

肺癌脊柱骨转移ECT检查76例分析

目的:探讨肺癌脊柱骨转移患者全身静态骨显像(ECT)的特点及规律。方法:收集用ECT检查发现的35~85岁肺癌脊柱骨转移76例患者临床资料,将其分为49岁以下组及50岁以上组(包括50岁),分析其临床特点及ECT表现,并结合X线检查结果分析其早期诊断优势。结果:50岁以上组61例,占80.3%;49岁以下组15例,占19.7%;76例脊柱转移患者中50例为多发病灶(占65.8%),26例为单发病灶(占34.2%)。转移灶尤以胸腰椎最多见。全组病例的78.9%表现为溶骨性破坏,14.5%表现为蜂窝状溶骨性骨破坏,5.3%表现为小片状、斑片状成骨性改变,1.3%表现为斑片状溶骨及成骨混合性改变。结论:肺癌脊柱骨转移的发生有一定的规律及特点,较之X线检查,核素全身骨显像对于肺癌脊柱骨转移的早期临床诊断及治疗决策有重要的意义。     

肝癌骨转移的特点及核素骨显像的价值

目的 :探讨肝癌骨转移的特点及核素骨显像的价值。方法 :回顾性分析 2 76例经CT或病理学证实的肝癌病例的临床资料及骨显像表现。结果 :①肝癌骨转移率为 2 0 .3 % ( 5 6/2 76) ,最常累及部位为椎体 ( 2 8/5 6) ,依次是肋骨、肩胛骨及四肢、骨盆、颅骨和胸骨 ,其中多发性转移 67.9% ( 3 8/5 6) ;②相同部位CT或X线平片检出的病灶数较骨显像少 ,均表现为溶骨性 ,核素骨显像对溶骨性转移灶的检出率为 95 .5 % ( 4 4/4 6) ;③ 3 5 .7% ( 2 0 /5 6)的患者以骨转移为首发症状 ,其中80 % ( 16/2 0 )伴有骨痛 ,15例骨痛患者骨转移灶数在 2个或以上。结论 :晚期肝癌骨转移常见 ,好发部位为椎体 ,常多发转移 ,肝癌术前分期检查应常规包括放射性核素骨显像。     

562例原发肺癌患者核素骨显像结果分析

目的 通过核素骨显像检查,探讨不同病理组织学类型肺癌的骨转移规律.方法 对562例已确诊的原发肺癌患者进行~(99)Tc~m-亚甲基二膦酸盐(~(99)Tc~m MDP)全身骨显像,对骨显像的结果和肺癌病理类型进行回顾性分析.结果 各类型肺癌骨转移平均发生率为43.06%,肺腺癌和小细胞癌骨转移率较高,分别为55.43%和45.16%,腺鳞癌、鳞癌骨转移发生率分别为37.93%和35.19%.结论 肺癌骨转移发生率较高,肺腺癌和小细胞癌较其他类型肺癌更易发生骨转移;核素全身骨显像是诊断肺癌早期骨转移的首选方法,对帮助判断疾病的进展程度,选择合适的治疗方案,改善患者的生存质量和延长生命有重要的临床意义.     

562例原发肺癌患者核素骨显像结果分析

目的 通过核素骨显像检查,探讨不同病理组织学类型肺癌的骨转移规律。方法 对562例已确诊的原发肺癌患者进行99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(99Tcm MDP)全身骨显像,对骨显像的结果和肺癌病理类型进行回顾性分析。结果 各类型肺癌骨转移平均发生率为43.06%,肺腺癌和小细胞癌骨转移率较高,分别为55.43%和45.16%,腺鳞癌、鳞癌骨转移发生率分别为37.93%和35.19%。结论 肺癌骨转移发生率较高,肺腺癌和小细胞癌较其他类型肺癌更易发生骨转移;核素全身骨显像是诊断肺癌早期骨转移的首选方法,对帮助判断疾病的进展程度,选择合适的治疗方案,改善患者的生存质量和延长生命有重要的临床意义。     

核素骨显像对肺癌骨转移诊断的价值

目的：了解核素骨显像对诊断肺癌骨转移的价值。方法：我院１９９４～１９９８ 年所做肺癌骨显像２８０ 例中原发灶经病理证实的１０８ 例（鳞癌５９ 例,腺癌２９ 例,未分化癌２０ 例）全身骨显像资料进行分析。结果：１０８ 例中５１ 例有骨转移,阳性率为４７ ．２ ％ ,其中单发转移灶１１ 例,多发转移灶４０ 例。肺癌骨转移以腺癌阳性率最高（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;不同区域骨转移分布的发生率有差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）,以胸肋部最为多见;而不同类型肺癌在同一区域骨转移发生率无差异（ Ｐ＞０ ．０５） 。结论：核素骨显像诊断肺癌骨转移准确率高,发现早,为一种安全有效的方法。     

1500例肺癌患者核素骨显像结果分析

目的 对不同病理类型肺癌患者行放射性核素骨显像,以观察骨转移的发生率及转移部位。方法 １５００例肺癌患者进行前后及后前位全身分段骨显像,骨显像剂＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－－亚甲基二膦酸盐（ＭＤＰ）。结果 （１）１５００例肺癌患者核素骨显像示骨转移者６２８份,其中中央型肺癌２７９例,周围型肺癌３４９例,总阳性率为４２％,（２）腺癌３４５例鳞癌１２２例,小细胞癌７５例,不同病理类型肺癌其骨转移发生率差异有非常显     

SPECT结合SPECT/CT骨显像对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值

目的探讨SPECT结合SPECT/CT骨显像对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值。方法对259例患者进行SPECT及SPECT/CT骨显像,并对骨显像确诊骨转移的61例乳腺癌患者进行统计分析。结果 1)行SPECT/CT骨显像的259例乳腺癌患者中61例出现骨转移,骨转移率为23.55%,单发骨转移率27.87%,多发骨转移率72.13%。其中有10例因确诊时即发现骨转移而未行手术治疗,占16.39%;2)行手术治疗的51例乳腺癌患者分别于术后第1年至第33年不同时间行骨显像复查,术后第1年、第2年、第3年、第4年、第5年及5年以上骨转移数占受检者总数的比率分别为1.54%(4/259)、2.70%(7/259)、2.32%(6/259)、3.47%(9/259)、2.32%(6/259)及7.34%(19/259),术后2~5年骨转移占转移总数的54.90%(28/51),是骨转移高峰期;3)61例骨转移患者共发现转移灶660处,平均每例10.82处。其中胸部骨发生骨转移的病灶数最多,为244处,占36.97%;其次为脊柱骨34.85%,骨盆骨15.30%,颅骨8.18%,四肢骨4.70%,而以肋骨(29.24%)和胸椎(17.88%)最易受累;4)伴骨痛者32例,占52.46%,无骨痛者29例,占47.54%;5)SPECT结合SPECT/CT骨显像诊断溶骨性转移30例,占49.18%,成骨性转移19例,占31.15%,混合性转移12例,占19.67%。结论SPECT结合SPECT/CT骨显像对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

骨转移瘤100例X线分析

本文通过100例骨转移瘤X线分析,指出主要X线表现为四型;(1)溶骨型;(2)成骨型;(3)混合型;(4)少见的特殊型.第4型包括骨皮质转移型、骨膜反应型和末端骨溶解型等少见病例.骨转移瘤绝大多数(86%)好发于脊柱躯干之中心部位,肋骨及椎体之小斑片状骨溶解是最常见早期X 线改变.在骨转移瘤诊断时应注意与原发型骨肿瘤相鉴别.     

前外侧经C2-3椎间盘穿刺经皮椎体成形术治疗枢椎病理性骨折一例

患者女,54岁。2年半前发现左下肺肺癌行手术切除术,病理证实为腺癌,术后化疗8次。1年前因脊柱(胸椎、腰椎)多发转移放疗3次。2009年5月在我科分2次行T8～     

核素骨显像与MRI检测脊柱转移瘤的对比研究

目的：比较核素骨显像与MRI对脊柱转移瘤的诊断价值。方法；对76例经病理证实为恶性肿瘤的患者进行骨显像与MRI检查，比较骨显像与MRI对脊柱部位病变的检查情况。结果：骨显像、MRI对脊柱转移瘤的阳性病例及阳性病灶数的检出率拉近，阳性病例检出率为68／81和61／81，阳性病灶检出率为167／536和156／536。二者我椎转移为好发段，MRI对胸椎病灶的检出率优于骨显像，检出率分别为83／237和64／237；二者对腰椎的检出率无差别，骨显像对颈椎、骶椎的检出率优于MRI（颈椎分别为15／63和6／63，骶椎分别为23／78和10／78）。对多发病灶的检出MRI优于骨显像，检出率分别为143／237和116／237。结论：在显示脊柱肿瘤骨转移方面，总体的敏感性二者接近，在具体部位二者各有优势，在多发病灶上MRI优于骨，骨显像因其简单易行，仍为肿瘤患者病情初始评价的选择，在其对临床问题解释不够充分时，则应采用MRI作为补充。     

经皮椎体成形术及血管内栓塞化疗治疗椎体恶性肿瘤

目的：观察经皮椎体成形术（PVP）、PVP和血管内栓塞化疗术综合治疗椎体恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法：29例患者（男性16例，女性13例）共40个椎体，转移性肿瘤28例，多发性骨髓瘤1例，均表现为胸腰部疼痛，2例有不同程度的脊髓功能障碍。18例患者共26个椎体单独行PVP治疗，11例16个椎体先后行PVP和（或）血管内栓塞化疗术。结果：29例患者经PVP和血管内栓塞化疗后症状完全缓解者16例（55.1％），部分缓解13例（44.9％），其中PVP不成功1例，再经血管内栓塞化疗疼痛减轻，所有患者无严重并发症发生。结论：椎体恶性肿瘤经PVP和（或）血管内栓塞综合治疗可获得很好的近期疗效，明显提高患者的生存质量。     

MRI全脊柱移床扫描技术在脊柱转移瘤中的应用

目的 :探讨MRI全脊柱移床扫描技术在脊柱转移瘤中的应用价值。方法 :对 3 7例疑有颈、胸、腰椎转移的患者 ,应用MRI全脊柱移床扫描技术 ,行各段脊柱扫描后 ,采用对接的方法完成全脊柱全程图像。结果 :3 7例均获得直观、准确地显示全部椎管内脊髓及椎体结构的连续图像。椎体单发转移瘤 9例 (颈段 2例 ,胸段 4例 ,腰段 3例 ) ;椎体多发转移瘤 2 5例 (颈、胸、腰段转移 7例 ,胸腰段转移 9例 ,颈、胸段转移 4例 ,颈、腰段转移 5例 ) ;无转移的 3例。结论 :MRI全脊柱移床扫描技术 ,可以很好显示转移瘤的部位、数目及邻近组织、结构侵犯的范围和程度 ,大大提高了定位及定性诊断的准确性。     

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a rare complication of radiotherapy in a patient with lung cancer

The development of bone fractures after radiotherapy is a rare event which mainly concerns the pelvis or the long bones. This complication is unusual in the vertebrae. We describe the case of a 66-year-old male patient with lung cancer who was treated with combined radio-chemotherapy and developed dorsal pain secondary to vertebral compression 4 months after the end of radiotherapy. Investigations led to a diagnosis of post-radiotherapy vertebral osteonecrosis. It is important to differentiate metastatic lesions from radiological complications. It is not possible to differentiate a metastasis from a recent osteoporotic compression fracture by imaging. A bone biopsy may therefore be necessary. Metastatic bone involvement is common in patients with lung cancer. When images are not typical of secondary progression, however, and there is no change in the general state of the patient, evidence of thoracic progression of the tumour or distal progression other than bone, vertebral osteoporotic complications should be considered. It is important that a wrong diagnosis is not made without histological proof of metastasis which has a poor prognosis.     

Evaluation of metastatic bone disease with pentavalent 99Tc(m)-dimercaptosuccinic acid: a comparison with whole-body scanning and 4/24 hour quantitation of vertebral lesions

The aim of this study was to establish the value of 99Tcm(V)-DMSA scintigraphy in the detection of metastatic bone lesions and compare the results to 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy. Thirty-four patients presenting with metastatic bone disease (Group 1) and 12 controls with degenerative skeletal lesions (Group 2) were studied. Conventional bone scanning and 99Tcm(V)-DMSA whole-body scanning were performed on all patients. All scans were interpreted visually. Furthermore, lesion-to-normal bone ratios (L/N) in vertebral metastases on the 4 and 24 h bone scans were obtained in 58 lesions of cancer patients and in 23 benign (degenerative) vertebral lesions of the control group. 99Tcm-MDP L/N ratios at 24 h (3.08 +/- 0.32) were significantly higher than those at 4 h (2.48 +/- 0.24) in the malignant foci (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in benign lesions (P > 0.05). In 167 (164 metastatic, 3 traumatic) of 186 99Tcm-MDP positive lesions (90%) of Group 1, 99Tcm(V)-DMSA uptake was observed. The remaining 19 lesions (10%) were 99Tcm(V)-DMSA negative. Fourteen of these 19 sites were diagnosed as benign. The remaining five foci were malignant. In four lung cancer metastases showing no 99Tcm-MDP uptake, 99Tcm(V)-DMSA uptake was observed. There was no 99Tcm(V)-DMSA accumulation in any of the 99Tcm-MDP positive degenerative lesions of Group 2. All quantitatively evaluated (n = 42) vertebral metastatic foci and two compression fractures in Group 1 showed 99Tcm(V)-DMSA accumulation and an increased 99Tcm-MDP L/N ratio at 24 h. A total of 36 degenerative lesions (Groups 1 and 2) and one compression fracture (Group 1) showed neither 99Tcm(V)-DMSA uptake nor an increased 99Tcm-MDP L/N ratio at 24 h. Our results indicate that quantitative 4/24 h analysis of vertebral lesions on 99Tcm-MDP scans has a similar diagnostic value to 99Tcm(V)-DMSA imaging in the detection of bone metastases. However, the accumulation of 99Tcm(V)-DMSA in four lung cancer metastases showing no 99Tcm-MDP uptake is encouraging and justifies further research in patients with proven bone metastases and negative bone scans.     

Usefulness of pinhole collimator in differential diagnosis of metastatic disease and degenerative joint disease in the vertebrae; Evaluation by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis

In order to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of pinhole collimator (PHC) imaging combined with an X-ray for vertebral metastasis, our prospective study has employed receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis in 21 patients, 11 with osseous metastasis and 15 with degenerative joint disease in the lumbar vertebrae. PHC imaging provided better anatomic information on the extent of 99mTc-MDP accumulation. PHC vertebral scintigraphy had a considerable impact on the decision-making process, although with variations and not very satisfactory results among the physicians with little experience. Our study suggests that PHC imaging and X-ray film are useful in differentiating between osseous metastasis and degenerative joint disease in the vertebra.     

Multiple muscle metastases from lung cancer detected by FDG PET/CT

A 71-year-old man with right lung mass, who was recently diagnosed histopathologically with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, was referred for staging of the primary tumor. Whole-body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) demonstrated multiple hypermetabolic foci in various skeletal muscle localizations, suggesting extensive metastatic muscle involvements in addition to increased FDG uptake in the primary tumor. Subsequent biopsy and histopathological study confirmed muscle metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma. Skeletal muscle metastasis from lung cancer is rare, but multiple muscle metastases are even more unusual. FDG PET/CT is able to detect unexpected metastatic involvements such as multiple muscle metastases in lung cancer patients.     

肺癌肾上腺转移的18F-FDGPET/CT的图像分析

目的分析肺癌肾上腺转移患者的18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层显像(18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography,18F-FDG PET/CT)特征,并评价其临床应用价值.资料与方法回顾性分析本院PET-CT中心检查发现并最终确诊的肺癌肾上腺转移患者31例,共35个肾上腺转移灶,分析其CT和PET图像特征,将同期转移患者原发灶和转移灶的最大SUV(SUVmax)进行相关性分析,并用t检验比较同期转移和异期转移病灶的SUVmax的差异。结果肺癌肾上腺转移瘤在CT表现为类圆形或不规则形的结节灶,35个病灶中密度均匀者23个,不均匀者12个,直径为0.8～10cm,平均为2.56±1.68cm;PET图像上最大SUV为1.9～22.1,平均为7.02±4.28。肺癌原发灶SUVmax为2.3～18.9,平均为8.07±4.59;肾上腺转移灶的SUVmax与原发灶的SUVmax无相关性(P=0.009,P=0.972)。初诊转移与随诊转移的肾上腺转移瘤的SUVmax的差异无统计学意义(t=-0.904,P=0.373)。显示3例病灶肾上腺转移瘤的变化随原发灶的好转而同步改善。结论 PET/CT检查对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断有重要价值,可作为肾上腺转移癌的检查方法。     

Fluorine-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the detection of bone metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Despite advances in morphological imaging, some patients with lung cancer are found to have non resectable disease at surgery or die of recurrence within a year of surgery. At present, metastatic bone involvement is usually assessed using bone scintigraphy, which has a high sensitivity but a poor specificity. We have attempted to evaluate the utility of the fluorine-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) for the detection of bone metastasis. One hundred and ten consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent both FDG PET and bone scintigraphy were selected for this review. In this group, there were 43 patients with metastatic disease (stage IV). Among these, 21 (19% of total group) had one or several bone metastases confirmed by biopsy (n = 8) or radiographic techniques (n = 13). Radionuclide bone scanning correctly identified 54 out of 89 cases without osseous involvement and 19 out of 21 osseous involvements. On the other hand, FDG PET correctly identified the absence of osseous involvement in 87 out of 89 patients and the presence of bone metastasis in 19 out of 21 patients. Thus using PET there were two false-negative and two false-positive cases. PET and bone scanning had, respectively, an accuracy of 96% and 66% in the evaluation of osseous involvement in patients with NSCLC. In conclusion, our data suggest that whole-body FDG PET may be useful in detecting bone metastases in patients with known NSCLC. Received 10 March and in revised form 7 May 1998     

Screening for skeletal metastases of the spine and pelvis: gradient echo opposed-phase MRIcompared with bone scintigraphy

Opposed-phase gradient eho (GRE) MRI at 0.5 T was compared with T1-weighted GRE MRI and bone scintigraphy regarding the detection of malignant bone marrow infiltrates of the spine and pelvis. Seventeen control patients and 41 patients with suspected skeletal metastases were studied with plain and gadolinium-enhanced MRI. In the control group only a vertebral haemangiona showed contrast enhancement, while all metastases (confirmed histologically or by follw-up) were enhancing. Opposed-phase surface coil MRI showed a significantly higher contrast-to-noise ratio of 56 metastases than T1-weighted images. In 28 patients body coil opposed-phased MRI detectedmore metastatic foci of the spine and pelvis than did bone scintigraphy (84 vs 56). No scintigraphically visualised lesion was missed by MRI. In conclusion,body coil gadolinium-enhanced opposed-phase GRE MRI may be applied as a screning method for skeletal metastases of the spine and pelvis at intermediate field strengths. Correspondence to: K. Neumann