抗甲状腺药引起粒细胞缺乏症5例

目的 探讨抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症的临床特点.方法 分析2004年4月至2006年4月收治的5例抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症的临床资料.结果 5例均由他巴唑所致,4例在服药2个月内发生粒细胞缺乏症,1例在4个月后发生.5例均治愈.粒细胞恢复时间为停药2周内.结论 粒细胞缺乏症为严重的不良反应,在甲亢患者开始药物治疗的2个月内,应高度警惕粒细胞缺乏症的发生.     

甲状腺功能亢进症复发与初发患者应用抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症临床特征分析

目的 观察甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)复发患者应用抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症的临床特征.方法 收集1988年5月至2008年5月收治的甲亢应用抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症患者的临床资料,对甲亢复发(6例)与初发(21例)患者应用抗甲状腺药物导致粒细胞缺乏症的临床特征进行总结.结果 两组临床特征相似,极易发生在较大剂量的抗甲状腺药物(甲巯咪唑30mg/d、丙硫氧嘧啶300 mg/d)开始治疗的2～8周.结论 甲亢复发患者应用抗甲状腺药物治疗与初发患者相似,均可以导致粒细胞缺乏症,临床上要引起重视.     

甲亢合并急性粒细胞缺乏症6例临床分析

目的　通过回顾性分析6例甲亢合并急性粒细胞缺乏症患者临床特征及抢救经过,探讨治疗该疾病的有效措施。方法　6例甲亢患者均以发热、急性上呼吸道感染伴粒细胞缺乏以急诊收入院。入院后停用所有可致白细胞减低药物,并给予静脉抗炎,皮下注射格拉诺赛特,辅以糖皮质激素及其他对症支持治疗,同时口服卢戈液控制甲亢。结果　6例患者均抢救成功,体温降至正常,白细胞水平恢复,甲亢病情平稳。住院时间1 4～2 1d。之后接受了1 31 I治疗。结论　对甲亢伴高热患者应高度警惕并发急性粒细胞缺乏症之可能。早期应用广谱抗生素抗感染,迅速调动骨髓造血机能提升白细胞,合理应用糖皮质激素,并积极治疗原发病的综合治疗措施具有较好疗效。     

抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞减少的因素分析（附122例报告）

目的探讨抗甲状腺药物（ATD）治疗Graves病致粒细胞减少症的发病机制、临床表现、治疗方法以及防治措施。方法对122例抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞减少的Graves病患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,分析患者根据不同粒细胞计数采取的治疗措施并比较其疗效。结果粒细胞减少症多数发生在服药后2～8周,且与ATD的剂量有关。对于严重粒细胞缺乏患者重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）治疗效果不佳,粒细胞恢复所需时间较长。结论在使用ATD治疗Graves病时应密切监测血白细胞的变化,尤其在初治阶段;出现粒细胞减少时及时采取防治措施,发生粒细胞缺乏时应及时停用抗甲状腺药物,并积极给予糖皮质激素、G—CSF等有效的升白药物治疗。     

抗甲状腺药物引起的粒细胞缺乏症8例临床观察

甲状腺功能亢进 (甲亢 )合并粒细胞缺乏症是甲亢患者应用抗甲状腺药物 (ＡＴＤ)治疗中最严重的副反应 ,易引起感染、败血症、休克 ,甚至甲亢危象而危及生命。我们就本院 1996年以来收治的ＡＴＤ引起的粒细胞缺乏症 8例作一临床观察 ,并探讨其发病机制及治疗方法。1　病例报告8例病例 ,全部是 1996～ 1999年因Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病合并粒细胞缺乏症住院的患者。男女比是 1∶4,年龄为 18～ 6 2岁。全部病例均突然出现 39℃以上的发热 ,咽痛及粒细胞缺乏 ,排除其它疾病尤其是血液系统疾患引起的粒细胞缺乏症。1·1　ＡＴＤ的种类及剂量　在发生粒细胞…     

甲巯咪唑致甲亢患者粒细胞缺乏合并肝损害临床分析

目的:对甲硫咪唑致甲亢患者粒细胞缺乏合并肝损害的发病情况与临床表现进行探讨与分析,并总结治疗措施。方法:本研究共纳入研究对象15例,均为2011年10月到2013年10月我院收治的甲亢粒细胞缺乏合并肝损害患者,所有患者均为口服甲硫咪唑所致。总结分析患者临床症状和治疗情况。结果:患者多在服药之后的2周到3个月期间出现症状,头晕、发热、身体乏力、咽喉疼痛以及黄疸等是主要表现,15例患者在服用升白细胞、实施保肝、退黄和抗感染,并在停用甲硫咪唑之后,有14例抢救成功,占93.3%,1例抢救无效死亡,占6.67%,死亡原因为粒细胞没有恢复,严重感染、酸中毒。结论:患者在首次服用甲硫咪唑之后要对其外周血白细胞的计数和肝功能情况进行密切观察,这样可以防止出现粒细胞缺乏症,并能够有效避免严重肝损害的发生,临床上要高度重视甲亢患者粒细胞缺乏合并肝损害的发生。     

抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症临床分析

甲状腺功能亢进 (简称甲亢 )合并粒细胞缺乏症是抗甲状腺药物治疗中最严重的副作用 ,其发生率约为 0 1 %～ 0 5 % [1 ] ,极易引起感染、败血症、脓毒血症、休克 ,甚至诱发甲亢危象而危及生命 ,是甲亢致死的主要原因之一。本文对收治的应用抗甲状腺药物引起粒细胞缺乏症 9例甲     

抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症17例临床分析

目的：探讨抗甲状腺药物（ATD）引起粒细胞缺乏症的临床特点，治疗及转归。方法：对17例因服用ATD致粒细胞缺乏症患进行回顾性分析。结果；单独应用糖皮质激素氢化可的松（HCSS）和联合应用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（G－CSF）均有效，有效率达100％，但HCSS与G－CSF联合应用效果更明显，粒细胞恢复正常时间更短，17例患中，82．9％，的粒细胞缺乏症发生在ATD治疗后的2个月以内。结论：对服用ATD均应常规监测外周血白细胞，尤其在开始治疗的前2个月，以尽早发现，及时治疗，HCSS和G－CSF治疗ATD所致粒细胞缺乏症疗效肯定，但对生症病例，应用HCSS与G－CSF联合治疗优于单独应用HCSS治疗，若合并感染，应加用抗生素。     

抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症临床诊治体会

甲状腺功能亢进症病人采用抗甲状腺药物治疗后,有 2％-7％的病人发生不同程度的不良反应,如皮疹、药物热、肝功能受损、白细胞减少、粒细胞缺乏症等。粒细胞缺乏症是抗甲状腺药物治疗中最严重的不良反应,可危及病人的生命。我们分析了我院1995-2005年因抗甲状腺药物引起粒细胞缺乏症而住院的病人52例,现就其临床表现、抢救措施分析讨论如下。     

抗甲状腺药物致粒细胞缺乏症临床诊治体会

甲状腺功能亢进症病人采用抗甲状腺药物治疗后，有2％～7％的病人发生不同程度的不良反应，如皮疹、药物热、肝功能受损、白细胞减少、粒细胞缺乏症等。粒细胞缺乏症是抗甲状腺药物治疗中最严重的不良反应，可危及病人的生命。我们分析了我院1995-2005年因抗甲状腺药物引起粒细胞缺乏症而住院的病人52例，现就其临床表现、抢救措施分析讨论如下。     

Clinical aspects of hyperthyroidism in hospitalised patients in Albania

The purpose of this study was to evaluate certain clinical aspects of hyperthyroidism in Albania, which is an iodine deficient country, as it is known that iodine intake may influence the type of thyroid hyperfunction. The files of sixty-six patients with thyrotoxicosis who were hospitalised for their disease were retrospectively analysed. 59.1% of these patients suffered from toxic multinodular goiter, 27.3% from Grave's disease (toxic diffuse goiter), 10.6% from toxic adenoma, 1.5% from iodide-induced hyperthyroidism and 1.5% from transient hyperthyroidism due to subacute thyroiditis. There was an increased female to male ratio (83.3% vs 16.7%, respectively, p<0.001). 83.9% of all hyperthyroid patients lived in cities, while 16.1% lived in villages. Ophthalmopathy was found in 11.1% of patients with Graves' disease, and thyrotoxic heart disease was found in 14% of patients with thyrotoxicosis. 71.9% of all patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU), while 28.1% of them were treated with methimazole; 67.2% of all these patients also received propranolol hydrochloride, while 32.8% were prescribed atenolol. Compliance was lower than that reported in other studies as only 41% of all patients received their treatment regularly. Side effects from treatment with antithyroid drugs were as follows: 4.1% (2/48) of patients treated with propylthiouracil presented leukopenia with agranulocytosis, and 6.1% of them toxic hepatitis, while 11.1% (2/18) of patients treated with methimazole presented agranulocytosis. In conclusion, the mode of presentation and side effects of hyperthyroidism appears to be different in Albania when compared with other countries, probably as a result of iodine deficiency and/or possibly nutritional status. Compliance with treatment is lower than that reported in other series, while antithyroid drug side effects seem to be more frequent. The latter observation may be due to the fact that only hospitalised patients were analysed in this study.     

Thyrotoxic crisis in a patient with Graves' disease

A 33-year-old man presented with diarrhoea, dyspnoea, palpitations, fever and shock. One year and a half before admission, Graves'-hyperthyroidism had been diagnosed, for which he was treated with thiamazole and levothyroxine as block-replacement therapy. A diagnosis of thyrotoxic crisis, precipitated by lack of compliance with antithyroid drug therapy and possibly an underlying infection, was made. Euthyroidism was achieved with propylthiouracil, potassium iodide, corticosteroids and propranolol. However, the propylthiouracil had to be stopped due to agranulocytosis, after which hyperthyroidism recurred. An emergency thyroidectomy was then performed; the patient recovered completely. Thyrotoxic crisis is a rare, potentially life-threatening disease in patients with underlying un(der)treated hyperthyroidism. It is characterised by fever, tachycardia, and neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms.     

Hyperthyroidism

Although the classical presentation of hyperthyroidism is known from the nineteenth century, the mindful evaluation of the clinical symptoms is indispensable for the practitioner physician. The clinical picture depends on the etiology of hyperthyroidism, the gender and age of the patient. The methods for the laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism have outstanding accuracy, the supersensitive TSH, free thyroxine and triiodothyronine determinations are generally available. The etiology of hyperthyroidism was broadened by new diseases: gestational hyperthyroidism caused by human choriogonadotropin and the group of congenital non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism due to TSH receptor mutations were discovered. The iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, which is an everyday problem due to the widespread use of amiodarone treatment, is also better characterized. The role of different treatment modalities in the therapeutic algorithm was established, the part of surgery decreased. The optimal duration and dose of drug treatment in Graves' disease is still questionable in the lack of good evidence, nowadays one and half year of antithyroid treatment is generally recommended. The reduction of relapse rate below 50% after the discontinuation of antithyroid drug was unsuccessful, risk factors are the large goiter, elevated level of the TSH receptor antibodies, in certain studies the male gender and young age. Due to the high relapse rate, the radioiodine treatment is preferred, even as a primary therapy. In case of toxic adenoma, toxic multinodular goiter and congenital non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism the medical treatment cannot result in permanent cure, therefore primary ablative treatment is required. The chances of patients with hyperthyroidism for the complete recovery are excellent, however, long time follow-up is necessary.     

老年2型糖尿病合并淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进20例临床分析

目的 了解老年2 型糖尿病合并淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进症临床特点和诊疗方法.方法 对20 例老年2 型糖尿病合并淡漠型甲亢患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析.结果 本病老年人多见,不具备典型甲亢的临床表现,血糖波动较大,二病综合治疗后症状明显好转,空腹血糖及餐后血糖均得到较好控制,甲功恢复正常.结论 临床医生应对特殊类型甲亢有足够的认识,以减少误诊,特别与糖尿病并存时的诊断及治疗.     

健康教育在甲状腺功能亢进^131I治疗中的应用

目的 探讨健康教育在131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进患者中的作用.方法 将240例甲状腺功能亢进患者随机分为观察组和对照组,采用131I治疗的同时,观察组使用健康教育单进行健康宣教,对照组采用口头式的健康宣教.观察两组患者的心理焦虑状况、治疗后并发症的发生及患者对健康教育的满意度情况.结果 经过健康教育后,观察组与对照组比较,患者的心理焦虑情况明显改善（P＜0.05）,并且131I治疗后引起的并发症明显减少（P＜0.05）,患者对健康教育的满意度明显提高（P＜0.05）.结论 对131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进患者进行健康教育,有利于改善患者的心理状况,减少并发症,保证了护理质量.     

中药塌渍联合远红外线照射治疗甲状腺功能亢进症临床疗效观察30例

目的：比较内服中药、外用中药塌渍联合远红外线照射与单纯口服西药治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的临床疗效。方法：选取中医辨证为痰结血瘀症型甲亢患者60例,按随机数字表法分为两组,西药对照组采用口服甲巯咪唑治疗,中药综合治疗组在对照组的基础上内服中药、外用中药塌渍,并联合远红外线照射。比较两组的疗效。结果：中药综合治疗组总有效率为83％,西药对照组为57％,中药综合治疗组疗效明显优于西药对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：中药内外合治联合远红外线照射治疗甲亢可有效提高临床疗效,简便验廉,缩短疗程,减少西药用量,无明显毒副作用。     

健康教育对^131I治疗甲亢患者负性情绪和遵医行为的影响

目的探讨健康教育对服^131I治疗甲亢患者负性情绪的调节和遵医行为依从程度的影响。方法对92例^131I治疗的甲亢患者随机分为观察组46例和对照组46例,观察组采取举办甲亢知识讲座、发放甲亢健康教育读本等形式进行宣教,对照组按常规给予指导。比较2组患者负性情绪调节、遵医行为的差异。结果健康教育前,观察组与对照组焦虑、抑郁评分差异无统计学意义,健康教育后,焦虑、抑郁指标评分观察组显著优于对照组。健康教育后观察组对甲亢知识的知晓率为100%,显著高于对照组的80.4%,对医嘱的遵从率观察组高于对照组,症状复发率、并发症发生率也明显低于对照组。结论健康教育不仅可以改善患者的负性情绪,提高患者对甲亢知识、^131I治疗知识的认知程度,还能提高患者的遵医行为,从而提高患者的生活质量与治疗效果。     

替加环素治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤并发感染的疗效及其影响因素

目的 探讨替加环素治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤并发感染的疗效及其影响因素,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 回顾性分析某院血液系统恶性肿瘤并发感染且应用替加环素患者的临床资料,评价替加环素治疗的临床疗效,利用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析影响患者疗效的因素.结果 共纳入182例患者,85例(46.7％)患者原发疾病为急...     

Treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease or toxic multinodular goitre by radioiodine: over 80% cure retrospectively after one calculated dose

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the results of radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism one year after treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective study of patient reports and a literature search. METHOD: Data were collected from 159 patients with Graves' disease or toxic multinodular goitre who had been treated with a calculated dose of radioiodine (131I) during a four-year period (1994-1998) at the Bronovo Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands. Percentages of hypothyroidism, euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism one year after the treatment were compared with results from the literature. RESULTS: Of the patients treated for Graves' disease 42% were hypothyroid, 38% were euthyroid and 20% were hyperthyroid one year after radioiodine therapy. For patients with toxic multinodular goitre the figures were 10%, 78% and 12% respectively. These results were comparable with those found in the literature. Two factors influenced the outcome of therapy in patients with Graves' disease: patients with persistent hyperthyroidism were on average younger and low thyroid weight increased the chance of hypothyroidism. Whether the hyperthyroidism was permanent or transient could only be established in less than half of all patients with hormone substitution after treatment, as the substitution had already been started in the first six months. CONCLUSION: One calculated dose of radioiodine can effectively cure hyperthyroidism in over 80% of the patients. It is recommended that an effort is made to discontinue radioiodine treatment after one year so as to exclude transient hypothyroidism and unjustified hormone substitution.     

Toxic Multinodular Goiter in a Patient with End-stage Renal Disease and Hemodialysis

The management of symptomatic hyperthyroidism in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) is challenging because of altered clearance of medications and iodine with dialysis; moreover, many patients meeting these criteria are medically fragile. A 77-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and ESRD requiring hemodialysis, with dilated cardiomyopathy and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, was found to have subclinical hyperthyroidism. Over a 2-year period he became clinically hyperthyroid with serum TSH level of <0.05 mIU/L and free T4 level of 4.3 ng/dL, attributed to toxic multinodular goiter. Despite antithyroid medication, he developed rapid ventricular rate from his atrial fibrillation that resulted in decompensated heart failure and multiple hospitalizations. His hyperthyroidism was successfully controlled with high dose methimazole and potassium iodide treatment, which were eventually discontinued after prolonged use. Nearly 6 months off medications, his hyperthyroidism recurred but was readily resolved when methimazole was restarted. Hyperthyroidism in the medically fragile ESRD patient may precipitate emergent conditions. Antithyroid medications are effective and should be considered as primary therapy for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in patients with hemodialysis. Moreover, clinical guidelines for the characterization and management of individuals with ESRD and subclinical hyperthyroidism should be developed.