血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠心室肌细胞L型钙电流的影响

目的研究血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)对大鼠单个心室肌细胞L-型钙电流(ICa-L)的影响。方法通过全心灌流酶解法分离大鼠心室肌细胞,利用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录干预前及20 ng/L,200 ng/L AngⅡ干预后心室肌细胞的ICa-L及对失活曲线的影响。结果①AngⅡ可激活ICa-L,20 ng/L及200 ng/L AngⅡ能使心肌细胞ICa-L电流-电压关系曲线明显下移,峰电流密度增加(-7.05±1.35 pA/pF,-9.74±1.52 pA/pF vs-5.49±0.82 pA/pF,n=10,P均<0.05),但激活电位、峰电位和翻转电位无明显改变。②AngⅡ能使ICa-L失活曲线明显右移。结论AngⅡ对ICa-L具有激活作用。这可能是其对心血管作用的重要机制之一。     

Age-related increase of early afterdepolarization in calsequestrin-2 knock-in mouse cardiomycyte

Objective To characterize early afterdepolarizations (EADs) caused triggered activity (TA) among calsequestrin-2 (CASQ2) knock-in (CASQ2 KI) mice and its relationship with aging. Methods Electrophysiological properties of ventricular myocytes from 3-month (mo, young), 9-mo (adult-1) and 12-mo (adult-2) in wild-type (WT) and CASQ2 KI mice were investigated with patch-clamp technique. Results The incidences of EADs and TA in CASQ2 KI cardiomyocytes increased with increasing age. In contrast, WT mice cardiomyocytes showed no significant change in matched-age groups. Compared with that in 3-mo CASQ2 KI mice, the 50% repolarization of action potential (APD50) showed prolongation in both 9-mo and 12-mo ones (9.2±0.9 ms of 9-mo and 10.3±1.2 ms of 12-mo vs. 5.6±0.3 ms of 3-mo), while the 90 % repolarization of action potential (APD90) was similar among 3 age groups. Compared with 3-mo mice, the 9-mo and 12-mo CASQ2 KI mice showed markedly reduced transient outward potassium current (Ito) densities but increased L-type calcium current (ICa-L) densities. Conlcusion This study suggested that events of EADs and TA in CASQ2 KI mice increased with increasing age. It might be associated partly with the augment of cellular calcium concentration and the prolongation of APD50 induced by decrease of Ito and increase of ICa-L in adult CASQ2 KI mice (J Geriatr Cardiol 2010; 7:171-175).     

Heterogeneous distribution of the two components of delayed rectifier K+ current: a potential mechanism of the proarrhythmic effects of methanesulfonanilideclass III agents.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the regional difference of the K+ current blocking effects of methanesulfonanilide class III agents. METHODS: Regional differences in action potential duration (APD) and E-4031-sensitive component (IKr) as well as -insensitive component (IKs) of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) were investigated in enzymatically isolated myocytes from apical and basal regions of the rabbit left ventricle using the whole-cell clamp technique. RESULTS: At 1 Hz stimulation, APD was significantly longer in the apex than in the base (223.1 +/- 10.6 vs. 182.7 +/- 14.5 ms, p < 0.05); application of 1 microM E-4031 caused more significant APD prolongation in the apex than in the base (32.5 +/- 6.4% vs. 21.0 +/- 8.8%, p < 0.05), resulting in an augmentation of regional dispersion of APD. In response to a 3-s depolarization pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of -50 mV, both IK tail and IKs tail densities were significantly smaller in apical than in basal myocytes (IK: 1.56 +/- 0.13 vs. 2.09 +/- 0.21 pA/pF, p < 0.05; IKs: 0.40 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.43 +/- 0.23, p < 0.01), whereas IKr tail density was significantly greater in the apex than in the base (1.15 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.66 +/- 0.11 pA/pF, p < 0.01). The ratio of IKs/IKr for the tail current in the apex was significantly smaller than that in the base (0.51 +/- 0.21 vs. 3.09 +/- 0.89; p < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in the voltage dependence as well as activation and deactivation kinetics of IKr and IKs between the apex and base. Isoproterenol (1 microM) increased the time-dependent outward current of IKs by 111 +/- 8% during the 3-s depolarizing step at +40 mV and its tail current by 120 +/- 9% on repolarization to the holding potential of -50 mV, whereas it did not affect IKr. CONCLUSIONS: The regional differences in IK, in particular differences in its two components may underlie the regional disparity in APD, and that methanesulfonanilide class III antiarrhythmic agents such as E-4031 may cause a greater spatial inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarization, leading to re-entrant arrhythmias.     

乙酰胆碱对犬右室三层心肌细胞L型钙电流不均一性的影响

目的测定犬右室三层心肌细胞上的L型钙电流(ICa,L),并研究其对自主神经递质乙酰胆碱的反应。方法经酶解法分离获得犬右室三层心肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录并比较三层心肌细胞的ICa,L,以及应用2μmol/L乙酰胆碱前后电流-电压曲线的差异。结果ICa,L的峰值电流密度外膜下大于M细胞,而M细胞又大于内膜下心肌细胞,分别为-4.896±1.907pA/pF(n=31),-3.406±0.904pA/pF(n=37),-2.788±0.756pA/pF(n=33)(P<0.05)。使用乙酰胆碱后,右室外膜下及M细胞的峰值电流密度减小[-4.921±1.023pA/pF vs -3.462±0.997pA/pF(n=12);-3.803±1.115pA/pF vs -2.959±0.883pA/pF(n=13),P均<0.05]。心内膜下心肌细胞用药前后无差异(P>0.05)。结论ICa,L在犬右室三层心肌细胞存在不均一性,乙酰胆碱可以减小心外膜下、M细胞的ICa,L,对内膜下心肌细胞的ICa,L无影响。     

辛伐他汀对血脂正常兔心肌缺血再灌注后L型钙电流的影响

目的通过研究辛伐他汀预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注后L型钙离子通道电流(ICa-L)的影响,探讨他汀类药物抗心律失常的细胞学离子机制。方法45只新西兰大耳白兔随机分为3组:缺血再灌注组(I-R组,结扎冠状动脉左前降支30min后再开放120min);辛伐他汀治疗组(他汀组,手术前给予辛伐他汀5mg·kg-1·d-1,3天);假手术对照组(对照组,只开胸不结扎血管)。观察心律失常发生情况。采用酶解法分离缺血部位心室肌外膜单个心室肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录ICa-L,同时检测各组血脂水平。结果各组动物血脂水平无显著差异。I-R组心律失常发生率较对照组增加,他汀组较I-R组心律失常发生率明显下降。对照组、I-R组和他汀组ICa-L电流密度峰值(0mV)分别为-3.13±1.22pA/pF(n=16),-4.24±0.92pA/pF(n=15)和-3.46±0.85pA/pF(n=13)。I-R组较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),他汀组较I-R组明显下降(P<0.05),他汀组与对照组无差异(P>0.05)。结论缺血再灌注可导致梗死区心室肌细胞I明显增加,辛伐他汀预处理可逆转这种变化。     

低渗性肿胀对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位及延迟整流钾电流的影响

观察单个豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和主要复极期电流延迟整流钾电流(IK)的变化,探讨急性心肌缺血再灌注室性心律失常发生的离子机制。采用全细胞膜片钳记录技术,观察低渗液(200mOsm/kg)灌流胶原酶分离的单个豚鼠心室肌细胞发生肿胀后的动作电位各参数的变化,同时记录IK及其快、慢两种激活成分(IKr及IKs)的变化。结果:低渗液灌流后心室肌细胞迅速发生肿胀,动作电位幅度(APA)、静息膜电位(RMP)及阈电位水平无明显变化;而动作电位时程(APD)在600,1000和3000ms三种基础起搏周长(BCL)刺激时均缩短(P<0.05),尤以APD复极达50%和90%时缩短更为明显。APD生理性频率适应性消失且离散度增大。低渗性肿胀状态下IK电流幅度在3000ms长去极化保持时间(主要成分为IKs)刺激时从1134.33±150.17pA增加至1621.98±234.95pA(P<0.001,n=10);而在100ms短去极化保持时间(主要成分为IKr)刺激时从693.44±96.44pA降低至294.06±71.79pA(P<0.05,n=8);并且使IK的IV曲线向上移位。结论:低渗性肿胀的心室肌细胞IK特别是IKs的增加是引起APD缩短的重要因素,是急性心肌缺血再灌注室性心律失常发生的离子机制之一。     

正常大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和瞬时外向钾离子流的特点

目的研究正常Spraque-Dawley大鼠外层、中层和内层心室肌细胞动作电位(AP)和瞬时外向钾离子流(Ito)的特点。方法采用酶消化法获得大鼠外层、中层和内层心室肌细胞,以全细胞膜片钳技术记录心室肌细胞AP和Ito。结果成功记录到大鼠心室肌细胞外、中和内层心肌细胞AP和Ito。外层至内层心室肌细胞动作电位时程(APD)逐渐延长(P<0.05)。在+70mV刺激时外层至内层心室肌细胞Ito电流密度逐渐减小,分别为59.50±15.99,29.15±5.53和12.29±3.62pA/pF(P<0.05)。三层心室肌细胞曲线半激活电压、半失活电压及失活后恢复时间均无差异(P>0.05)。结论大鼠三层心室肌细胞AP形态和Ito大小存在分层差别。     

陈旧性心肌梗死对家兔动作电位时程跨室壁离散及L型钙电流的影响

探讨陈旧性心肌梗死 (MI) (MI后 3个月 ) ,远离MI中心区的心肌细胞电活动的改变。结扎家兔左前降支造成MI模型 ,3个月后酶解分离左室游离壁远离MI中心区的三层 (Epi、M、Endo)心肌细胞 ,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录单细胞动作电位 (AP)和L型钙电流 (ICa ,L) ,并观察三层心肌细胞AP时程 (APD)的离散性 (TD APD)变化。结果 :MI后 3个月 ,远离MI区的三层心肌细胞的APD明显延长 ,其中Endo心肌细胞的APD明显短于Epi和M心肌细胞(P <0 .0 1)。陈旧性MI组 (OMI)与假手术组 (Sham)及对照组 (Control)比较 ,TD APD显著增加 (2 88.32± 19.5 6vs2 2 8.4 5± 13.94 ,2 10 .32± 17.4 3ms ,P <0 .0 1)。且在OMI组 ,ICa ,L的幅值增加 ,但密度降低 ,其中Endo的ICa,L密度降低最明显 (+10mV时 ,从 16 .12± 1.6 0降至 10 .73± 0 .0 6pA/pF ,降低了 33.4 3% ,Epi从 16 .5 9± 0 .5 0降至 11.75±0 .6 9pA/pF ,降低了 2 9.17% ,M细胞从 18.70± 1.0 3降至 13.2 7± 1.0 5pA/pF ,降低了 2 9.0 3% ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :MI3个月后远离MI区的心肌细胞ICa ,L密度明显降低 ,且以Endo降低最明显 ,三层心肌细胞的APD明显延长 ,并且En do心肌细胞的APD明显短于Epi和M心肌细胞 ,TD APD明显增加     

新生大鼠心肌细胞短暂外向钾电流下降与心肌肥大的相关性研究

在某些心力衰竭患者中常观察到心肌细胞短暂外向钾电流 (Ito)下降和动作电位时程 (APD)延长 ,笔者主要探讨Ito下降与心肌肥大的关系及内在机制。用Ito阻断剂 ,4 氨基吡啶 (4 AP) ,处理新生大鼠心室肌细胞 ,观察作为心肌肥大指标的细胞膜电容和3 H 亮氨酸 (3 H Leu)掺入量 ,同时测Ito振幅和APD。结果 :Ito振幅下降近 5 0 %(1 5 0 .3± 1 8.6pA ,n =7vs 74 .0± 1 1 .5pA ,n =1 1 ,P <0 .0 5 )。APD50 (5 0 %复极 )显著的延长 (75 .8± 1 4 .1ms,n =7vs2 0 1 .7± 2 3.5ms,n =1 1 ,P <0 .0 5 )。膜电容和3 H Leu掺入量分别增加 4 7%和 31 % (P均 <0 .0 5 )。L 型钙通道阻断剂维拉帕米 ,能抑制 4 AP诱导的APD延长以及膜电容和3 H 亮氨酸掺入量的增加。环孢素A(CsA)也可抑制 4 AP诱导的膜电容和3 H Leu掺入量的增加 ,但对APD影响不明显。结论 :Ito下降通过延长APD ,致细胞内钙增加 ,激活钙调神经磷酸酶反应途径 ,可能引起心肌肥大     

L型钙通道在LQTl发病机制中作用的实验研究

目的 分析L型钙电流(IcaL)在犬三层心室肌细胞中的特点,探讨其在LQTl发病机制中的作用.方法 成年杂种犬14只,体重13～15 kg,雌雄不拘.分离犬三层心室肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录动作电位(AP)和ICaL,依次用Chromanol 293B(50ìμmoL/L)阻断慢激活延迟整流性钾电流(IKs)模拟LQTl,用异丙肾上腺素(100 nmo/L)激活13肾上腺素受体(β-AR),观察AP和,ICaL的变化.分三层取少量心室肌组织,采用实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,检测各层L型钙通道a1C亚单位的mRNA含量.结果 正常情况下,犬三层心室肌细胞ICaL电流密度差异无统计学意义[外层(4.253±0.782)pA/pF,中层(4.392±0.714)pA/pF,内层(4.182±0.665)pA/pF,P＞0.05],而中层心室肌细胞动作电位时限(APD)较内层和外层的长[外层(721.48±26.59)ms,中层(911.80±31.24)ms,内层(783.52±25.27)ms,P＜0.05];阻断IKs后ICaL电流密度没有变化,而APD均明显延长[(外层(835.21±27.34)ms,中层(1089.21±30.55)ms,内层(830.64±27.12)ms,与阻断IKs前相比,P＜0.05)];β-AR兴奋使三层心室肌细胞ICaL显著增加,且三者变化差异无统计学意义[(外层(5.654±0.756)pA/pF,中层(5.458±0.702)pA/pF,内层(5.600±0.819)pAZpF,P＞0.05].但β-AR兴奋使外层和内层心室肌细胞APD缩短,中层心室肌细胞APD延长,三者变化差异有统计学意义[外层(792.63±26.71)ms,中层(1127.85±32.10)ms,内层(811.32±27.52)ms,P＜0.05].实时定量RT-PCR结果显示,三层心室肌细胞中alC亚单位的mRNA含量差异无统计学意义(外层0.112±0.019,中层0.077±0.018,内层0.109±0.012,P＞0.05).结论 L型钙通道在犬三层心室肌中的分布没有差异,在LQTl模型中,Iso使三层心室肌细胞,ICaL均匀增加,推测ICsL本身没有引起LQTl复极不稳定.     

胺碘酮对模拟缺氧状态下大鼠心室肌细胞瞬时外向和内向整流钾电流的影响

目的通过观察胺碘酮对模拟缺氧状态下急性分离的大鼠心室肌单细胞复极相中瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)和内向整流钾电流(IK1)通道的影响,探讨其在该条件下抗心律失常的作用机制。方法使用酶解法分离获取大鼠单个心室肌细胞,通过持续通以模拟缺氧细胞外液建立体外模拟缺氧模型,采用全细胞膜片钳实验技术研究胺碘酮对该条件下Ito和IK1的作用。结果胺碘酮呈剂量依赖性降低Ito和IK1电流幅值,对Ito抑制效应的起始浓度为1μmol/L,100μmol/L时抑制作用达最大,最大抑制幅度为56.78%±4.27%(23.98±2.18pA/pFvs10.38±4.27pA/pF;测试电压为+70mV;P<0.01;n=5),IC50(半数抑制浓度)为74.35μmol/L,但Ito的I-V曲线趋势并没有发生变化,稳态激活和失活曲线几乎不发生移动。胺碘酮对IK1内向电流部分抑制起始浓度为1μmol/L,外向电流部分抑制效应的起始浓度为2μmol/L,其最大抑制幅度分别为58.77%±10.76%(56.32±7.24pA/pFvs23.22±7.30pA/pF;测试电压为-150mV;P<0.01)和33.29%±2.15%(6.70±0.89pA/pFvs4.46±0.93pA/pF;测试电压为+40mV;P<0.01;n=5)。对内向电流成分的IC50为63.75μmol/L,IK1通道的稳态激活曲线无明显改变。结论在大鼠离体心室肌单细胞模拟缺氧条件下,胺碘酮对Ito和IK1电流幅度呈剂量依赖性抑制,有对抗缺氧本身造成的动作电位时程缩短效应;对I内向电流成分的敏感性高于外向成分。     

Pacing-induced heart failure causes a reduction of delayed rectifier potassium currents along with decreases in calcium and transient outward currents in rabbit ventricle

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure in patients and in animal models is associated with action potential prolongation of the ventricular myocytes. Changes in several membrane currents have been already demonstrated to underlie this prolongation. However, information on the two components (I(Kr) and I(Ks)) of the delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K)) in rapid pacing induced heart failure is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS: Action potentials and whole-cell currents, I(K), I(to1), I(K1), and I(Ca-L) were recorded in apical myocytes of left ventricle from 10 rabbits subjected to left ventricular pacing at 350-380 beats/min for 3-4 weeks and 10 controls with sham operation. Action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) was prolonged in myocytes from failing hearts compared to controls at both cycle lengths of 333 and 1000 ms. Both E-4031-sensitive and -resistant components of I(K) (I(Kr), I(Ks)) in myocytes from failing hearts were significantly less than those of control hearts; tail current densities of I(Kr) and I(Ks) following depolarization to +50 mV were 0.62+/-0.05 vs. 0.96+/-0.12 pA/pF (P<0.05), and 0.27+/-0.08 vs. 0.52+/-0.08 pA/pF (P<0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference between control and failing myocytes in the voltage- and time-dependence of activation of total I(K), I(Kr) and I(Ks). The peak of L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca-L)) was significantly reduced in myocytes from failing hearts (at +10 mV, -9.29+/-0.52 vs. -12.28+/-1.63 pA/pF, P<0.05), as was the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward current (I(to1); at +40 mV, 4.8+/-0.9 vs. 9.6+/-1.3 pA/pF, P<0.05). Steady state I-V curve for I(K1) was similar in myocytes from failing and control hearts. CONCLUSIONS: Decrease of I(K) (both I(Kr) and I(Ks)) in addition to reduced I(to1), may underly action potential prolongation at physiological cycle length and thereby contribute to arrhythmogenesis in heart failure.     

缬草单萜氧化物对兔单个心室肌细胞L-型钙电流的影响

利用全细胞膜片钳记录技术研究30μg/L和100μg/L缬草单萜氧化物(VMO)对兔单个心室肌细胞L型钙电流(ICaL)和动作电位的影响。结果:30μg/L和100μg/L的VMO使兔心室肌细胞ICaL峰值由6.04±0.59pA/pF分别减至3.99±0.31pA/pF和2.31±0.24pA/pF(n=8,P<0.01);VMO使ICaL的电流电压曲线上移,但不改变其激活电位、电位峰值和反转电位;VMO还使钙电流失活曲线左移。30μg/LVMO可使动作电位时程(APD)明显缩短,APD50和APD90分别缩短了50.3%和29.6%(n=16,P<0.05),而静息电位和动作电位幅值无明显改变。结论:VMO对LCaL具有浓度依赖性阻滞作用。这可能是其对心血管作用的重要机制之一。     

伊布利特对兔左室中层细胞L型钙电流的影响

目的观察伊布利特对正常心肌细胞L型钙通道电流(ICa-L)的影响。方法用全细胞膜片钳技术记录10-6,10-5mol/L伊布利特细胞外液对兔正常左室中层心肌细胞L型钙通道电流(ICa-L)活性的影响。结果①伊布利特灌流后ICa-LI-V曲线下移,低、高剂量伊布利特灌流后电流密度峰值明显增加(-8.34±2.67,-10.50±3.81pA/pFvs-5.68±1.53pA/pF,P均<0.01),且高剂量较低剂量灌流时增加更明显。②低、高剂量伊布利特灌流后失活曲线右移,且高剂量时右移更明显。高剂量时半数失活电压(V0.5)较低剂量和用药前显著降低,而低剂量与用药前无差异。三种状态的激活曲线无差异。结论伊布利特可能呈浓度依赖性影响心室肌细胞L型钙电流(ICa-L)活性。     

兔界嵴细胞离子通道特性研究

目的研究生理状态下及异丙肾上腺素灌流对兔界嵴(CT)与梳状肌(PM)细胞动作电位(AP)及钠电流(INa)、短暂外向钾电流(Ito)、L型钙电流(ICa-L)、延迟整流钾电流(IK)及内向整流性钾电流(IK1)的影响,探讨CT与房性心律失常的关系。方法酶解法分离兔CT及PM细胞,利用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录生理状态下及异丙肾上腺素灌流后CT与PM细胞AP及INa、Ito、ICa-L、IK及IK1的变化。结果①生理状态下,CT细胞动作电位时程(APD)较长,可见明显的平台期;PM细胞AP形态与普通心房肌细胞相似,1期复极迅速,平台期短,类似三角形。②生理状态下,CT细胞Ito电流密度比PM细胞明显降低(7.13±0.38 pA/pF vs 10.70±0.62 pA/pF,n=9,P<0.01),而INa、Ito、ICa-L、IK及IK1则无明显差别。③异丙肾上腺素灌流时CT与PM细胞APD20、APD50、APD90均延长(n=8,P<0.01);指令电位+50 mV时,CT与PM细胞Ito电流密度均减少(n=9,P<0.01)而IK均增加(n=8,P<0.05);指令电位+10 mV时,CT与PM细胞ICa-L电流密度均增加(n=9,P<0.01);IK1在两种心肌细胞均无明显差异。结论 CT与PM细胞AP差异与Ito有关。异丙肾上腺素灌流时ICa-L与IK增强,Ito抑制使CT与PM细胞APD延长,触发机制可能是CT参与房性心律失常的机制之一。     

17β-雌二醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位及L型钙通道电流的影响

探讨雌激素对心血管保护作用的机制,采用标准玻璃微电极技术及全细胞膜片钳技术观察17β-雌二醇（ES）对豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电价的影响及其对分离的豚鼠心室肌细胞的L型钙通道电流的作用。结果：30μmol／LES灌流心肌30min可明显缩短动作电位时程;复极20％动作电位时程及复极50％动作电位时程分别由146±22ms,213±21ms缩短至87±6ms,107±11ms（P均＜0．01）。1,10,20,30μmol／LES是浓度依赖性抑制L型钙通道电流（P均＜0．01）,抑制率分别为8％,18％,33％,43％。结论：ES是一种内源性的钙离子通道拮抗剂,这可能是其心血管保护作用的重要机制之一．     

Electrophysiologic effects of nicorandil on the guinea pig long QT1 syndrome model

INTRODUCTION: The slow component of the delayed rectifier K+ current IKs modulates repolarization of the cardiac action potential (AP), and the loss of IKs is known to cause long QT1 (LQT1) syndrome by prolonging action potential duration (APD). In this study, we generated a guinea pig LQT1 syndrome model using the IKs blocker chromanol 293B and then assayed the electrophysiologic effects of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel IK,ATP opener nicorandil on this model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Transmembrane action potentials of perfused right ventricular papillary muscle preparations and both in vitro and in vivo ECGs of guinea pigs were recorded. Blockade of IKs by chromanol 293B (30 microM) prolonged the action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) by 8.5% and QT interval by 16.5% of control values. In addition, proarrhythmic early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and ventricular fibrillation were observed. Venoinjection of chromanol 293B (1 mg/kg) revealed 10.9% QT prolongation. Nicorandil (5-30 microM) dose-dependently shortened APD90 under the control condition, whereas it reversed the AP prolongation effect of chromanol 293B by 7.4% at the 30 microM concentration. Moreover, nicorandil shortened QT intervals both in vitro and in vivo and displayed an inhibitory effect on EADs and ventricular fibrillation. CONCLUSION: The ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener nicorandil may be an effective drug in the therapy of LQT1 syndrome by shortening APD and the QT interval.     

丹参酮Ⅱ-A对大鼠心肌细胞L-型钙通道的影响

目的研究丹参酮Ⅱ-A对大鼠心肌细胞L-型钙通道的影响。方法采用酶解法制备大鼠心肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术检测大鼠心肌细胞L-型钙通道的电流密度和动力学。结果丹参酮Ⅱ-A对L-型钙通道有抑制作用。在0μmol/L、10μmol/L、20μmol/L和40μmol/L丹参酮Ⅱ-A作下,L-型钙通道的峰值电流密度分别为-13.34±1.06pA/pF、-10.46±0.75pA/pF、-7.62±0.50PA/pF和-4.69±0.18PA/pF,其抑制率分别为28.40%、52.14%和73.50%（n=8,P〈0.05）。结论丹参酮Ⅱ-A抑制大鼠心肌细胞L-型钙通道,降低L-型钙通道的电流密度,呈浓度依赖性。     

Chronic angiotensin II stimulation in the heart produces an acquired long QT syndrome associated with IK1 potassium current downregulation

Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It predisposes patients to heart failure, QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. Angiotensin II (Ang II) exerts direct actions on cardiac tissue inducing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and electro-mechanical dysfunction. However, a direct association between Ang II and cardiomyocyte electrical remodeling has yet to be demonstrated. Transgenic TG1306/1R (TG) mice with cardiac-specific Ang II overproduction demonstrate blood pressure-independent cardiac hypertrophy and exhibit significant increase in sudden death associated with mechanical dysfunction. The present study makes use of TG mice to evaluate the direct effects of high levels of intracardiac Ang II on cardiac electrophysiology. Surface-limb ECG measurements were recorded on 50- to 60-week-old TG and wild-type (WT) mice. QT interval was significantly prolonged (+20%) in TG mice relative to WT. TG mice also showed an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. QT prolongation was associated with prolongation of cardiomyocyte action potential at 90% repolarization (APD90). The change in APD90 correlated with a reduction in IK1 potassium current density in TG vs. WT cardiomyocytes (at -70 mV: 0.3+/-0.1 pA/pF vs. 0.8+/-0.2 pA/pF, P<0.05). In TG mice, reduction in IK1 was associated with a significant reduction (-50%) of the mRNA encoding Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 subunits of IK1-related KCNJ2 and KCNJ12 potassium channels. These data suggest that cardiac Ang II overproduction leads to the emergence of a long QT syndrome resulting from an IK1-dependent prolongation of the action potential duration through modulation of channel subunit expression.     

缬沙坦对家兔急性心肌梗死后左心室心肌电生理的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素II的1型受体拮抗剂缬沙坦对兔心肌梗死后室性心律失常发生的影响及其可能机制。方法24只家兔随机分为假手术组、心肌梗死组和缬沙坦组。3组均在无菌条件下开胸,其中心肌梗死组和缬沙坦组分别结扎左冠状动脉前降支。缬沙坦组术后第2天给予缬沙坦（10mg·kg^1·d^-1）,3组均喂养12周。3组家兔分别在心肌梗死前、心肌梗死后5min及12周记录左心室内、中、外膜层单向动作电位时限（MAPD）,并记录心肌梗死后12周诱发的恶性心律失常,及采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录短暂外向钾电流（Ito）的变化。结果心肌梗死组和缬沙坦组在心肌梗死后5min3层左心室肌APD90较心肌梗死前明显延长。心肌梗死后12周,心肌梗死组3层左心室肌APD90较心肌梗死前仍明显延长（P〈0．05）,但缬沙坦组3层心室肌APD90与心肌梗死前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;且心肌梗死组跨室壁复极离散度（TDR）较假手术组、缬沙坦组明显延长（P〈0．05）,缬沙坦组与假手术组之间TDR比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。缬沙坦组明显降低心肌梗死后室性心动过速／心室颤动的发生率（缬沙坦组与心肌梗死组相比：15％对60％,P〈0．05）。假手术组、心肌梗死组和缬沙坦组,Ito电流密度分别为（8．56±0．72）pA／pF、（4．51±0．48）pA／pF和（7．24±0．68）pA／pF,心肌梗死组显著低于假手术组及缬沙坦组（P〈0．05）;缬沙坦组与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论缬沙坦明显降低家兔心肌梗死后恶性室性心律失常的发生率,其机制可能与抑制家兔心肌梗死后电重构有关。