泌尿生殖道支原体属感染及药敏结果分析

目的分析解脲脲支原体(Uu)和人支原体(Mh)在泌尿生殖道的感染状况及药物敏感性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法采用支原体属培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒对5 972例临床疑似患者送检的泌尿生殖道标本进行支原体属计数培养、鉴定及药物敏感试验,采用SPSS10.0进行统计分析。结果 5 972份标本中支原体属培养阳性1 641例,阳性率27.5%,Uu、Mh、Uu+Mh的分布分别占78.3%、1.7%、20.0%;Uu、Mh、Uu+Mh三类感染对13种抗菌药物的耐药性不同,Uu对林可霉素耐药率最高为98.0%,其次是环丙沙星和诺氟沙星,耐药率分别为81.2%和70.6%;Uu+Mh混合感染时对林可霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、司帕沙星耐药率均在70.0%以上。结论泌尿生殖道支原体感染以Uu感染为主,且耐药性严重,临床医师应参照药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物。     

阴道分泌物支原体检测及耐药性分析

目的 研究女性泌尿生殖道解脲脲支原体(Uu)和人支原体(Mh)感染状况及对抗菌药物的耐药性.方法回顾性统计分析2007年9月-2008年4月女性409例阴道分泌物样本支原体培养及药敏试验结果.结果 409例样本中,支原体培养阳性234例,阳性率为57.2%;其中Uu阳性170例,阳性率72.6%,Mh阳性8例,阳性率3.4%,Uu和Mh混合阳性56例,阳性率23.9%;Uu对10种常用抗菌药物的药物敏感试验表明,耐药性较低的5种药物耐药率依次为米诺环素<多西环素<克拉霉素<交沙霉素<司帕沙星;Uu+Mh混合感染除对多西环素和米诺环素耐药率较低外,对其余8种药物均表现高度耐药性.结论女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染率较高,同时耐药现象严重.应引起临床重视.     

泌尿生殖道感染患者支原体属感染及耐药性分析

目的调查泌尿生殖道感染患者支原体属感染状况及耐药性,为临床抗菌药物的合理使用提供参考。方法选择2010年1月-2013年8月在医院治疗疑似支原体属感染患者586例为研究对象,进行支原体属培养、鉴定和药敏试验,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析。结果 586例患者中共检出支原体属感染308例,阳性率52.56%;其中单一解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染率为31.57%,单纯人支原体(Mh)感染率为2.39%,Uu+Mh混合感染率为18.60%;女性支原体属感染率为60.65%,男性支原体属感染率为36.70%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);支原体属对常用抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性,其中Uu对环丙沙星耐药率最高,为60.54%,Mh对阿奇霉素耐药率最高,为92.86%,红霉素次之,为85.71%,Uu+Mh混合感染对红霉素耐药率最高,为87.16%,环丙沙星次之,为82.57%。结论泌尿生殖道支原体属感染患者治疗应根据培养、药敏试验结果结合药物的药代动力学,合理选用并及时调整抗菌药物,以减少支原体属耐药菌株的产生。     

女性泌尿生殖道支原体属感染及药敏分析

目的了解女性泌尿生殖道支原体属感染状况及药敏谱,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法选择2008-2012年门诊就诊的10 756例疑似泌尿生殖道支原体属感染的女性患者进行宫颈分泌物支原体属培养及药敏试验,并采用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果受检的10 756例患者中支原体属感染5 703例,阳性率为53.02%,其中解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染4 035例,阳性率为37.51%,人支原体(Mh)感染379例,阳性率为3.53%,Uu+Mh两者混合感染1 289例,阳性率为11.98%;Uu对克拉霉素、多西环素、四环素、交沙霉素、阿奇霉素、米诺环素敏感率>90.00%;2008-2012年历年各种抗菌药物对支原体属感染的敏感率和耐药率比较有不同程度差异。结论交沙霉素、多西环素、米诺环素、四环素可作为治疗女性泌尿生殖道支原体属感染的首选药物,临床治疗上应根据药敏试验的结果,合理选用抗菌药物。     

2007年泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况及耐药性分析

目的 了解支原体在泌尿生殖道中的感染状况,及其对抗菌药物的耐药性.方法 对3577例泌尿生殖道感染者标本进行支原体培养、鉴定和药敏试验,并对其进行统计学分析.结果支原体培养总阳性率为43.9%,其中解脲脲支原体(Uu)为33.4%,显著高于人支原体(Mh)的1.5%和Uu+Mh混合感染的8.9%;女性患者支原体检出率为51.1%,显著高于男性患者检出率31.7%;Uu、Uu+Mh、Mh对交沙霉素(JOX)、米诺环素(MIN)、多西环素(DOX)的敏感率均>88.0%,Uu、Uu+Mh、Mh的耐药率存在一定差异,Uu+Mh对多种抗菌药物耐药,以红霉素(ERY)最高.结论 泌尿生殖道感染以Uu为主,女性感染率高于男性,Uu+Mh的耐药率高于Uu和Mh,对泌尿生殖道感染患者及时进行支原体培养及耐药性监测,指导临床合理用药具有重要意义.     

支原体与衣原体感染检测及耐药性分析

目的探讨女性泌尿生殖道支原体与衣原体感染的现状及耐药性,为临床医生合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法支原体采用IST2培养及药敏试剂盒、衣原体采用法国VEDALAB试剂盒检测。结果376例疑似非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者中,216例解脲脲支原体(Uu)培养阳性,阳性率为57.4%;35例Uu与人支原体(Mh)混合培养阳性,占9.3%;125例沙眼衣原体(Ct)阳性,占33.3%;药敏结果除对交沙霉素、氧氟沙星、多西环素外,Uu Mh混合感染对其他6种抗菌药物的耐药率均高于单纯Uu感染,多西环素、交沙霉素、普拉特霉素对支原体感染敏感性最高。结论女性泌尿生殖道感染主要以Uu发病率最高,治疗支原体感染应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

1464例泌尿生殖道衣原体属、支原体属及脲支原体属的检测与药敏分析

目的 了解上海某地区泌尿生殖道衣原体属和支原体属与脲支原体属的感染情况及耐药情况.方法 对1464例泌尿生殖道感染者标本进行衣原体属抗原鉴定、支原体属和脲支原体属培养、鉴定和药敏试验.结果 衣原体属、支原体属、脲支原体属总检出率为49.3%,其中单纯沙眼衣原体(Ct)阳性率6.4%,单纯解脲脲支原体(Uu)为28.7%,人支原体(Mh)为2.3%,Uu+Mh为7.9%;衣原体属的感染率低于支原体属和脲支原体属,女性衣原体属、支原体属、脲支原体属的感染率高于男性;支原体属对米诺环素和多西环素最敏感,Uu分别为96.4%和95.5%,Mh分别为66.7%和69.7%,Ct+Uu分别为92.7%和90.2%,Uu+Mh分别为80.9%和79.1%;耐药性最高的抗菌药物为环丙沙星、诺氟沙星和大观霉素.结论 该地区支原体属和脲支原体属感染率要高于衣原体属感染率,且以Uu为主,女性高于男性;与Uu相比,Mh和Uu+Mh感染后抗菌药物的敏感率有下降的趋势,耐药性有升高的趋势,治疗泌尿生殖道支原体属感染的首选抗菌药物为四环素类米诺环素和多西环素.     

女性生殖道支原体和脲支原体感染检测及耐药性分析

目的 探讨女性生殖道支原体和脲支原体感染的现状及对抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床医师合理使用抗菌药物提供科学依据.方法 对766例女性生殖道感染患者进行支原体和脲支原体培养及药敏检测.结果 766例患者检出支原体和脲支原体阳性448例,阳性率为58.49%.其中解脲脲支原体(Uu)阳性率为44.65%,人支原体(Mh)为2.61%.解脲脲支原体和人支原体混合感染率为11.23%;支原体和脲支原体感染以中青年为主,占阳性患者的75.89%,12种常用抗菌药物中米诺环素、多西环素和甲砜霉素耐药率最低,对红霉素、阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星耐药率最高.结论 女性生殖道炎症患者中Uu感染率最高,治疗支原体和脲支原体感染应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物.     

泌尿生殖道支原体属感染及耐药性分析

目的了解泌尿生殖道支原体属感染状况及耐药性,为临床诊治提供依据。方法对596例泌尿生殖道标本采用法国生物梅里埃公司Mycoplasma IST试剂盒进行支原体属培养、鉴定和药敏试验。结果支原体属培养总阳性率为32.2%,其中解脲脲支原体(Uu)阳性率为28.4%、人支原体(Mh)阳性率为0.3%、Uu+Mh混合感染阳性率3.5%;Uu对普那霉素、多西环素、交沙霉素、四环素、克拉霉素敏感率为88.8%~95.9%;Uu+Mh混合感染耐药率较Uu感染耐药率高,其敏感性较高的抗菌药物仅多西环素66.7%和普那霉素76.2%;Uu、Mh对大环内酯类、喹诺酮类耐药率在46.7%~100.0%。结论泌尿生殖道支原体属培养和药敏试验对临床诊断和针对性治疗十分重要。     

泌尿生殖道支原体属感染现状及耐药性检测

目的 了解泌尿生殖道支原体属感染状况及对抗菌药物的耐药性.方法 对医院门诊可疑非淋病性尿道炎患者853例的泌尿生殖道分泌物标本,进行支原体属培养及药敏试验.结果 支原体属培养阳性率59.1%,其中,解脲脲支原体(Uu)检出率最高,占77.8%;人支原体(Mh)检出率很低,仅占2.4%;Uu+Mh感染检出率为19.8%;21～40岁年龄段患者培养阳性率最高(79.0%～79.5%);Uu药敏试验显示:Uu对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星的耐药率为79.8%、59.9%;对普那霉素敏感率最高,为100.0%;其次对多西环素、交沙霉素、四环素敏感率较高,分别为94.9%、94.1%、93.4%.结论 Uu对喹诺酮类抗菌药物已产生了严重的耐药性,临床应限制使用.     

南通市三类人群梅毒感染状况调查及影响因素分析

目的了解南通市人群梅毒感染现状及影响因素。方法对南通市性病门诊男性就诊者和暗娼、外来务工人员及健康体检人员等三类人群进行梅毒检测,并对其中性病门诊男性就诊者和暗娼等性病高危人群进行问卷调查。结果性病门诊男性就诊者和暗娼梅毒感染率分别为8.29%和6.02%,外来务工人员为1.58%,健康体检人员为0.49%,差异有统计学意义。婚烟状况、最近1年与暗娼是否发生过性行为、最近3个月与临时性伴是否发生过性行为、最近3个月发生性行为的临时性伴数等,均与性病门诊男性就诊者梅毒感染率存在统计学关联,文化程度、在本地工作时间、安全套使用情况均与暗娼人群梅毒感染率存在统计学关联。结论应采取相应措施,加强性病高危人群的行为干预,开展人群梅毒主动检测工作。     

Chlamydial infection in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Sera of patients attending a genitourinary clinic, gynaecological clinic in Al Ali General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and from males and females without overt genital diseases were tested for the presence of antichlamydial antibodies using an immuno-fluorescence test. Antibodies for Chlamydia trachomatis were found in 66 (46%) of 145 male patients and 72 (35%) of 200 female patients attending a genitourinary clinic and gynaecological clinic respectively and in two (2%) of 100 men and in none of 100 women without genital diseases. These results suggest that the prevalence of chlamydial infection in Saudi Arabia among both men and women is high. Since serious complications can follow chlamydial genital infection, further work has to be done in this field.     

2018年成都市某艾滋病自愿咨询检测门诊求询者HIV感染状况及原因分析

目的 分析我院2018年艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）门诊求询者的流行病学资料及人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染情况,为艾滋病防治工作提供参考依据。方法 对2018年我院VCT门诊求询者的性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、男男性行为、使用安全套等流行病学情况以及HIV抗体检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果 2018年VCT门诊求询者有858人,其中男822人（占95.8%）,女36人（占4.2%）,年龄以20～39岁为主（740人,占86.25%）。HIV抗体检测阳性者71例,阳性率为8.28%（71/858）,其中男70例,女1例,年龄仍以20～39岁为主（51例,占71.83%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄大于50岁、男男性行为、未使用安全套及文化程度低是本组求询者发生HIV感染的易感因素。年龄为20～39岁的人群发生HIV感染的风险较年龄大于50岁人群者更低（OR=0.419）,有男男性行为者（MSM）发生HIV感染的风险是没有男男性行为者的20.606倍,未使用安全套者发生HIV感染的风险是使用安全套者的7.058倍,而文化程度初中及以下者发生HIV感染的风险是大专及以上者的2.547倍。结论 艾滋病VCT门诊是控制艾滋病传播的重要途径之一,门诊医师需重视对低文化程度者、发生男男性行为者、中老年男性进行健康教育和行为干预。     

发热患者C-反应蛋白、内毒素检测的临床分析

目的探讨发热患者早期C-反应蛋白(CRP)和内毒素水平测定的临床价值。方法采用回顾性调查分析,对医院2005年1-12月中81例发热患者(其中细菌性肺炎患者48例,上呼吸道细菌感染33例)的CRP和内毒素水平进行分析。结果在81例细菌性感染的患者中,肺炎组患者的内毒素水平明显高于上呼吸道感染患者,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);但CRP水平两组间差异无统计学意义。结论检测血浆内毒素含量有助于早期判断感染的严重程度,有利于临床合理利用抗菌药物和及时对症处理;尤其是在发热门诊,对患者的早期诊断、治疗上,内毒素水平的测定将有极大的帮助;CRP虽然可以协助区分细菌和病毒的感染,但是CRP不适合作为判断细菌感染患者严重程度的参考指标。     

Knowledge of emergency contraception amongst female patients attending a department of genitourinary medicine.

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of emergency contraception amongst new female patients attending an inner-city department of genitourinary medicine. Information was also sought about use of regular contraception and demography. Three hundred and ninety nine questionnaires were suitable for analysis. Half of the sample answered that the latest a woman could take emergency contraception after unprotected sex was three days. None of the sample knew that emergency contraception could be obtained up to five days. Twenty nine per cent of the sample reported sex without contraception during the menstrual cycle preceding attendance. Women who had ever used regular contraception in the past were statistically less likely to have reported unprotected sex in the menstrual cycle preceding attendance (p=0.0000068). Professional women were statistically less likely to have reported unprotected sex in the menstrual cycle preceding the clinic visit. Fourteen per cent of the sample had genital warts at this first clinic visit, 10 per cent had Chlamydia trachomatis, seven per cent had herpes simplex infection, six per cent had gonococcal infection and five per cent had trichomonal infection. Women who reported unprotected sex during the preceding menstrual cycle were not statistically more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection at this first clinic visit. A large number of women attending departments of genitourinary medicine are at risk of both pregnancy and also sexually transmitted infection. Staff working in all areas of sexual health need to have a good knowledge of both contraception and sexually transmitted infections in order to educate the clients on both aspects of unprotected sex.     

唐县地区女性阴道感染情况调查分析

目的:了解唐县地区女性阴道感染状况。方法:采用白带常规检测方法对630例妇科门诊患者进行阴道分泌物检测。结果:在630例患者中,共检出阴道感染患者464例,其中单一性感染361例,混合感染103例。BV、VVC、TV及混合感染的发病率分别为29.52%、21.27%、6.51%、16.35%。结论:细菌性阴道病、外阴阴道念珠菌病和混合感染发病率较高,值得临床高度关注。     

A large nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis C and hepatitis B among patients receiving pain remediation treatments.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In August 2002, the Oklahoma State Department of Health received a report of six patients with unexplained hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated in the same pain remediation clinic. We investigated the outbreak's extent and etiology. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clinic patients, including a serologic survey, interviews of infected patients, and reviews of medical records and staff infection control practices. Patients received outpatient pain remediation treatments one afternoon a week in a clinic within a hospital. Cases were defined as HCV or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among patients who reported no prior diagnosis or risk factors for disease or reported previous risk factors but had evidence of acute infection. RESULTS: Of 908 patients, 795 (87.6%) were tested, and 71 HCV-infected patients (8.9%) and 31 HBV-infected patients (3.9%) met the case definition. Multiple HCV genotypes were identified. Significantly higher HCV infection rates were found among individuals treated after an HCV-infected patient during the same visit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.4-15.8); a similar association was observed for HBV (AOR, 2.9; CI95, 1.3-6.5). Review of staff practices revealed the nurse anesthetist had been using the same syringe-needle to sequentially administer sedation medications to every treated patient each clinic day. CONCLUSIONS: Reuse of needles-syringes was the mechanism for patient-to-patient transmission of HCV and HBV in this large nosocomial outbreak. Further education and stricter oversight of infection control practices may prevent future outbreaks.     

Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Youth, Sweden

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical, head, and neck cancers. We studied 483 patients at a youth clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, and found oral HPV prevalence was 9.3% and significantly higher for female youth with than without cervical HPV infection (p = 0.043). Most oral HPV types matched the co-occurring cervical types.     

天津市2005-2009年部分人群HIV监测分析

目的了解天津市2005-2009年艾滋病监测结果,探索天津市艾滋病流行特征与趋势,为制定艾滋病防治策略提供依据。方法对2005-2009年天津市部分人群的监测结果进行统计分析。结果本组3 373 026份样本中检出阳性905例,男男性接触人群(MSM)、性传播疾病(STD)门诊就诊者等人群中阳性检出率较高,MSM每年检出率都在1 600/10万以上,STD门诊就诊者阳性检出率除2005年以外其余各年都在200/10万以上;阳性病例中同性传播所占比例呈现上升趋势。结论天津市一般人群艾滋病感染率较低,但MSM、STD门诊就诊者等人群感染率较高。在继续开展一般人群防治工作的同时应加强对MSM、STD门诊就诊者等人群的艾滋病防治工作。     

Modern contraception and venereal disease

Data on the rising incidence of venereal disease and its relation to the use of modern contraceptives is reviewed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated the existence of 100 million cases of gonorrhea annually in the world, and the disease is now the most common notifiable infection after measles. WHO reported a worldwide 90% increase in syphilis since 1960, and nonspecific urethritis (viral) has been reported as common as gonorrhea in England and Wales. Several studies indicate that sexual intercourse is initiated at a younger age and that premarital and extramarital sexual experience are increasing. Over 60% of women with gonorrhea have no symptoms; syphillis is milder in women than men, and nonspecific genital diseases are more difficult to detect in women. The mobile society promotes casual sex which favors the spread of venereal disease. Although reliable evidence is scanty, oral contraceptives fail to provide a physical barrier and could thus facilitate transmission. A recent study of 522 patients attending a venereal disease clinic in Uppsala, Sweden showed that the number of partners and frequency of intercourse had increases for 141 women on the pill. Genital infection was common, and gonorrhea was diagnosed in 67% of 250 women. Evidence further suggests that the pill's alteration of the glucose metabolism changes in the genital tract resembling pregnancy may favor the growth of vaginal candidal infestations. Evidence also indicates that IUDs may increase the incidence of pelvic infection, and the dangers of tubal blockage are likewise increased for the IUD user contracting gonorrhea. The condom remains the best protection against the spread of venereal disease particularly if it is worn prior to intercourse and throughout intercourse.