中医院检验科医院感染控制现状及管理措施

目的 分析中医院检验科医院感染控制现状及存在问题,制定有效的医院感染控制措施.方法 调查分析中医院检验科医院感染管理中存在的问题.结果 中医院检验科的实验室布局、工作环境、生物安全防护设施方面,工作人员、新职工上岗前医院感染知识培训、无菌操作意识和工作习惯等方面存在一系列不规范之处.结论 中医院应加大执行相关政策法规的力度,改进和完善医院感染管理体系.     

医院检验科感染管理

随着医院感染管理工作的加强,检验科作为医院感染管理的重点科室之一,有必要对医院检验科感染工作存在的问题进行认真的分析。本文结合工作实际,就医院检验科感染工作从医院管理者方面,检验科工作人员方面,以及制度建设方面做了如下探讨。     

新疆县级医院检验科医院感染管理现状及分析

地区、县级医院是医疗卫生的基础,是百姓看病的第一站,关注和研究基层医疗服务质量的每一个环节,将有助于我们医疗卫生整体质量水平的提高,本调查考核的目的是了解基层医疗机构检验科医院感染管理现状,探索一条符合基层医院检验科的医院感染管理办法,以提高基层医疗机构检验科医院感染管理水平.2006-2007年我们以督察的方式对新疆43所地区、县级医疗机构检验科医院感染控制管理进行了实地查验.考核汇总如下.     

检验科医院感染管理现状及预防策略探讨

目的探讨检验科医院感染预防策略。方法分析检验科医院感染管理现状。结果检验科在医院感染知识培训、防护器材落实、防护措施执行和工作习惯养成等方面存在一些不规范的问题。结论加强检验科医院感染管理,对有效预防医院感染十分重要。     

检验科控制医院感染的现状及对策分析

目的分析检验科控制医院感染的现状及对策。方法分析检验科医院感染工作存在的问题,在制度、防护措施等方面提出相应的处理对策。结果检验科医院感染预防控制工作存在的问题诸多,需要进一步制定严格的防控制度,对全科人员进行定期的培训,在有关知识和技能全面提升的基础上,才能进一步提高检验科工作人员医院感染的防控意识及能力。结论促使检验科管理体系的完善,对系统、高效的医院感染预防系统进行建王,才能最大程度的确保检验科控制医院感染的能力和质量。     

护理人员对医院感染的认知及医院感染管理的调查分析

目的：调查护理人员对医院感染的认知，分析医院感染的管理现状。方法：随机抽样调查县级及县级以下医院的护理人员。结果：大多数护理人员已经具备了医院感染的基本知识，在工作中积极进行了预防和控制，但在一些具体概念及操作方面仍存在问题；一些护理人员对医院感染发生、责任及控制工作有错误认识；大多数医院建立了感染管理组织机构，并建立了规章制度，但管理力度不够，管理理念差，部门协作差。结论：需要进一步加强对护理人员医院感染知识的宣传、培训工作，并加大医院感染管理工作的力度。     

检验科控制医院感染的现状及对策

目的分析检验科在医院感染工作中的管理现状及存在的问题,并提出相应的解决对策。方法对检验科在医院感染工作中出现的问题进行分析,尤其在制度、防护措施等重要环节进行分析。结果检验科对于医院感染的控制尚存在不足,制定并严格落实科室预防医院感染措施,定期组织全科人员进行预防医院感染的理论培训,并对实习、进修等科室新上岗人员进行医院感染基本知识、操作技能的培训,提高检验科全体人员控制医院感染的意识和能力。结论改进与完善检验科管理体系,建立高效、系统的医院感染预防系统对于整个医院都具有重要意义。     

二级医院检验科生物安全隐患及管理措施

目的探讨二级医院检验科生物安全管理措施。方法调查医院检验科存在的生物安全隐患,总结医院在生物安全管理中存在的问题,制定切实有效的管理措施。结果医院检验科在实验室布局、工作环境、防护设备、生物安全意识、工作习惯等方面存在一系列安全隐患。结论医疗单位应严格执行相关的生物安全管理法规,重视和完善生物安全管理工作。     

浅析如何加强检验科的医院感染管理与控制

目的探讨如何加强检验科的医院感染管理与控制措施。方法回顾分析我院2008年以来检验科对医院感染管理及控制情况。结果检验科存在着感染隐患,必须加强检验科的医院感染管理与控制。结论基层检验科必须进一步加强对医院感染的管理与控制工作,从而有效预防医院感染的发生。     

淮安市医院感染管理现状及对策

目的:了解淮安市市、县两级医院的医院感染管理现状.方法:根据《消毒管理办法》和《医院感染管理规范》要求进行调查.结果:全市16家县级以上医院均设立院内感染控制相关组织,制定相应的消毒隔离制度.但有少数医院的医院感染管理机构尚不健全,从事院内感染控制工作的人员结构不合理,人员配备数量较少,医院感染控制工作开展不平衡.结论:淮安市县级以上医院的院内感染管理工作逐步得到重视,但是在机构设置、人员配备、院内感染管理制度落实以及监测手段等方面有待加强.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.